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	Author	John L. Orrock; Brent J. Danielson
	Title	Temperature and Cloud Cover, but Not Predator Urine, Affect Winter Foraging of Mice			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	115	Issue	7	Pages	641 - 648
	Keywords
	Abstract	Although homeotherms likely experience costs of both predation risk and thermoregulation while foraging, it is unclear how foragers contend with these costs. We used foraging trays placed in sheltered microsites to determine whether temperature, a direct cue of predator presence (predator urine) and an indirect cue of predation risk (cloudy nights) affect foraging of white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, in winter. Mice were presented with urine from bobcats, Lynx rufus, red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, and coyotes, Canis latrans, an herbivore (whitetailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus), and a water control. To measure rodent foraging, we used seeds of millet mixed with sand to quantify giving-up densities (the number of seeds left in each foraging tray). Giving-up density was not affected by predator urine. Rather, rodent foraging was affected by an interaction of temperature and weather. On overcast nights, when predation risk was likely lower, mice foraged more when soil temperature was higher, presumably reducing thermoregulatory costs. On clear nights, foraging was low regardless of soil temperature, presumably because foraging was more risky. These results suggest that mice consider thermoregulatory costs and predation risk when making foraging decisions, and that the indirect cue afforded by weather, rather than the direct cue of predator urine, is among the cues used to make foraging decisions. Moreover, these results suggest that sensitivity to a particular cue is likely to be context-dependent.
	Address	Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA DOI – 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01654.x
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Â© 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH	Editor
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4948
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	Author	Seferta, A.; Guay, P.-J.; Marzinotto, E.; Lefebvre, L.
	Title	Learning Differences between Feral Pigeons and Zenaida Doves: The Role of Neophobia and Human Proximity			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	107	Issue		Pages	281-293
	Keywords
	Abstract	Learning differences predicted from ecological variables can be confounded with differences in wariness of novel stimuli (neophobia). Previous work on feral pigeons (Columba livia), as well as on group-feeding and territorial zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita), reported individual and social learning differences predicted from social foraging mode. In the present study, we show that speed of learning a foraging task covaries with neophobia and latency to feed from a familiar dish in the three types of columbids. Pigeons were much faster than either territorial or group-feeding zenaida doves on all tests conducted in captivity, but showed unexpectedly strong neophobia in some urban flocks during field tests. Human proximity strongly affected performance in group-feeding doves both in the field and in captivity. They were slightly faster at learning than their territorial conspecifics in cage tests. In multiple regressions, species identity, but not social foraging mode, significantly predicted individual variation in learning, as did individual variation in neophobia. Wariness of novel stimuli and species differences associated with artificial selection appear to be more important than foraging mode and wariness of humans in accounting for learning differences between these columbids.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2184
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	Author	Sakura O; Matsuzawa T
	Title	Flexibility of wild chimpanzees nut-cracking behavior using stone hammers and anvils: an experimental analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1991	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	87	Issue		Pages	237
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3038
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	Author	Hampton, R.R.
	Title	Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	107	Issue		Pages	1055-1056
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	Abstract
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3487
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	Author	Rendall, D.
	Title	Review of Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	105	Issue	2	Pages	178-182
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3998
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	Author	Koops, M.A.; Abrahams, M.V.
	Title	Assessing the Ideal Free Distribution: Do Guppies Use Aggression as Public Information about Patch Quality?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	105	Issue	9	Pages	737-746
	Keywords
	Abstract	Aggression can be costly to foragers, yet some recent research suggests that foragers should use aggression as a cue to patch quality (the attractive aggression hypothesis). If aggression is predictive of patch quality, then the attractive aggression hypothesis predicts that the distribution of foragers should follow the distribution of aggression. If, instead, aggression is repulsive because it is costly, then the distribution of foragers should diverge from the distribution of aggression. We tested the attractive aggression hypothesis using female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and found that the distribution of foragers followed the distribution of food, but was unaffected by the distribution of aggression. These data do not support the attractive aggression hypothesis, but instead suggest that the distribution of aggression is a consequence of the distribution of foragers, and that aggression is not used as public information about patch quality.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4271
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	Author	Ceacero, F.; Landete-Castillejos, T.; Garcia, A.J.; Estevez, J.A.; Gallego, L.
	Title	Kinship Discrimination and Effects on Social Rank and Aggressiveness Levels in Iberian Red Deer Hinds			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	113	Issue	12	Pages	1133-1140
	Keywords
	Abstract	Abstract Kin recognition is a widespread phenomenon that allows individuals to benefit by enhancing their inclusive fitness, and one of its most common forms is reducing aggressiveness towards relatives. We carried out an experiment with Iberian red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in order to examine kin biases in dominance behaviour and its consequences on social rank. Three enclosed groups (n = 36, 23 and 21, respectively) were monitored during two lactation seasons and social rank hierarchies were assessed by analysing aggressive interactions matrices with Matman 1.1 software. Aggressive interactions between related hinds was significantly smaller than expected (chi2 = 5.02, df = 1, p = 0.025), not only between mother and daughter but also in second and third kinship degrees. Although rates of aggressiveness were similar to data published relating free-ranging C. e. scoticus, aggressive interactions with relatives were significantly smaller (chi2 = 39.0, df = 1, p < 0.001). This reduction of aggressiveness between related hinds was not the result of these hinds having a lower social rank: social rank was only related to age and weight, but not to kinship degree, calf sex or calving date. The decrease of aggressiveness towards first-, second- and third-degree relatives shows a complex kin recognition system in deer. Possible nepotistic roles in lactation include preventing milk thefts by non-kin and disturbing feeding of unrelated hinds.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4311
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	Author	Pannozzo, P.L.; Phillips, K.A.; Haas, M.E.; Mintz, E.M.
	Title	Social Monitoring Reflects Dominance Relationships in a Small Captive Group of Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	113	Issue	9	Pages	881-888
	Keywords
	Abstract	Abstract In several studies of social monitoring in primates, subordinate animals directed more visual attention toward dominant animals than vice versa. This behavior is thought to enable subordinate animals to avoid conflict. We sought to clarify whether visual attention behavior functions in this manner in a small captive group of brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella. We tested the hypothesis that social monitoring is related to dominance status. Dominance status was determined based on the directionality of aggressive behavior, and visual attention was quantified by using focal animal sampling. Subordinate animals directed significantly more visual attention toward others than dominant animals. Subordinate animals also looked more frequently at the animals that attacked them and others the most. The results indicate that social monitoring behavior in this captive group was driven by conflict-avoidance.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4312
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	Author	Blumstein, D. T.; Barrow, L.; Luterra, M.
	Title	Olfactory Predator Discrimination in Yellow-Bellied Marmots			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	114	Issue	11	Pages	1135 - 1143
	Keywords
	Abstract	The mechanism underlying olfactory predator identification may be relatively experience-independent, or it may rely on specific experience with predators. A mechanism by which prey might identify novel predators relies on the inevitable creation of sulfurous metabolites that are then excreted in the urine of carnivorous mammals. We tested whether free-living, yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) and mid-sized herbivores that fall prey to a variety of carnivorous mammals could discriminate herbivore (elk-Cervus elephas) urine from predator (red fox-Vulpes vulpes, coyote-Canis latrans, mountain lion-Felis concolor, wolf-Canis lupus) urine, a novel herbivore (moose-Alces alces), and a distilled water control. We further asked how specific this assessment was by testing whether marmots responded differently to predators representing different levels of risk and to familiar vs. unfamiliar predators. We found that marmots responded more to urine from coyotes (a familiar predator on adults), mountain lions (a potentially unfamiliar predator that could kill adults) and wolves (a locally extinct predator that could kill adults) than to elk urine (a non-predator). Red fox (a predator that poses a risk only to recently emerged marmot pups) urine elicited a less substantial (but not significantly so) response than coyote urine. Marmots can identify predators, even novel ones, using olfactory cues, suggesting that experience with a specific predator is not required to identify potential threats.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4641
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	Author	Majolo, B.; Ventura, R.; Koyama, N. F.
	Title	A Statistical Modelling Approach to the Occurrence and Timing of Reconciliation in Wild Japanese Macaques			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Ethology	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology
	Volume	115	Issue	2	Pages	152-166
	Keywords
	Abstract	In various social species, animals have been observed to share friendly relationships with some group members and to resolve conflicts through reconciliation, the exchange of affiliative behaviour soon after a conflict that functions to restore the relationship between the former opponents. The valuable relationship hypothesis predicts that reconciliation should be observed more often after conflicts between friends. Friendly relationships can be described by three dimensions (i.e. value, security and compatibility); however, research into the relative importance of these dimensions for the occurrence of reconciliation is sparse. Moreover, reconciliation may depend on factors other than the social relationship between opponents including, for example, their social status or the context of the conflict. Our study aimed at analysing which factors are important determinants of reconciliation and at testing the valuable relationship hypothesis, by analysing the relative effects of relationship value, security and compatibility on the occurrence and timing of reconciliation. We collected data on two troops of wild Japanese macaques living on Yakushima Island, Japan, and selected the best predicting variables of reconciliation using linear mixed models. Our results show that reconciliation occurs more frequently, and earlier, after conflicts between opponents who exchange a higher percentage of grooming. Two additional variables related to relationship security and value were selected in the best models: frequency of aggression and of approaches resulting in tolerated co-feeding. Among the variables not related to relationship quality, distance between opponents at the end of the conflict, kinship, sex of the opponents and context of conflict (i.e. during feeding or social time) were included in our models. Our findings support the valuable relationship hypothesis and, in particular, highlight that the fitness-related benefits of social relationships (i.e. the relationship value) are important determinants of the evolution of friendly relationships and reconciliation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4745
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