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Author  |
Albright, J.; Sun, X.; Houpt, K. | ||||
| Title | Does cribbing behavior in horses vary with dietary taste or direct gastric stimuli? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Horse; Stereotypy; Cribbing; Diet | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract Concentrated feed diets have been shown to drastically increase the rate of the cribbing, an oral stereotypy in horses, but the specific component causing the rise has not been identified. Furthermore, the mechanism through which feed affects cribbing has not been explored. In the first experiment of this study, we quantified the latency to crib and number of cribs in 15 min after the horses tasted various grain, sugar, and artificial sweetener solutions. Undiluted grain stimulated the most cribs (P < 0.01) compared with all other solutions, and shortest latency to crib, although this was significantly higher only when compared with diluted grain (P = 0.03). In Experiment 2, latency to crib and number of cribs in 15 min after the grain and sugar solutions were administered via nasograstric tube were also evaluated. There were no statistical differences among cribbing responses to grain, fructose, and water administered directly to the stomach although grain stimulated cribbing behavior more quickly than 10% fructose (P = 0.03) and 100% tap water (P = 0.04). These results confirm that highly palatable diets, possibly mediated through the opioid and dopaminergic systems, are one of the most potent inducers of cribbing behavior. The highly palatable taste remains the probable “cribogenic” factor of concentrated diet, although gastric and post-gastric effects cannot be excluded. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6123 | ||
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| Author |
Christensen, J.W.; Ahrendt, L.P.; Lintrup, R.; Gaillard, C.; Palme, R.; Malmkvist, J. | ||||
| Title | Does learning performance in horses relate to fearfulness, baseline stress hormone, and social rank? | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | App Anim Behav Sci |
| Volume | 140 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 44-52 |
| Keywords | Horse; Learning; Fearfulness; Stress; Reinforcement; Social rank | ||||
| Abstract | The ability of horses to learn and remember new tasks is fundamentally important for their use by humans. Fearfulness may, however, interfere with learning, because stimuli in the environment can overshadow signals from the rider or handler. In addition, prolonged high levels of stress hormones can affect neurons within the hippocampus; a brain region central to learning and memory. In a series of experiments, we aimed to investigate the link between performance in two learning tests, the baseline level of stress hormones, measured as faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM), fearfulness, and social rank. Twenty-five geldings (2 or 3 years old) pastured in one group were included in the study. The learning tests were performed by professional trainers and included a number of predefined stages during which the horses were gradually trained to perform exercises, using either negative (NR) or positive reinforcement (PR). Each of the learning tests lasted 3 days; 7min/horse/day. The NR test was repeated in a novel environment. Performance, measured as final stage in the training programme, and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Faeces were collected on four separate days where the horses had been undisturbed at pasture for 48h. Social rank was determined through observations of social interactions during feeding. The fear test was a novel object test during which behaviour and HR were recorded. Performance in the NR and PR learning tests did not correlate. In the NR test, there was a significant, negative correlation between performance and HR in the novel environment (rS=-0.66, P<0.001, i.e. nervous horses had reduced performance), whereas there was no such correlation in the home environment (both NR and PR). Behavioural reactions in the fear test correlated significantly with performance in the NR test in the novel environment (e.g. object alertness and final stage: rS=-0.43, P=0.04), suggesting that performance under unfamiliar, stressful conditions may be predicted by behavioural responses in a fear test. There was a negative correlation between social rank and baseline stress hormones (rS=-0.43, P=0.04), i.e. high rank corresponded to low FCM concentrations, whereas neither rank nor FCM correlated with fearfulness or learning performance. We conclude that performance under stressful conditions is affected by activation of the sympathetic nervous system during training and related to behavioural responses in a standardised fear test. Learning performance in the home environment, however, appears unrelated to fearfulness, social rank and baseline FCM levels. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ S0168-1591(12)00168-2 | Serial | 5769 | ||
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| Author |
Cooper, J.J.; McDonald, L.; Mills, D.S. | ||||
| Title | The effect of increasing visual horizons on stereotypic weaving: implications for the social housing of stabled horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci | |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 67-83 |
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| Abstract | Stabled horses commonly perform stereotypic patterns of weaving, where the horse shifts its weight from side to side often swinging its head. Ten warm-blood types, of which five were known to reliably weave, were housed in similar 12x12 ft wooden loose boxes in a single stable block surrounding a courtyard. Each horse was exposed to each of five stable designs. These were: the conventional front top-half of the door open only with a view of the stable courtyard (F); front half-door open and a similar half-door open at the back of the stable with a view to the surrounding fields (FB); back open only (B); front and one-side panel open with a view into the adjacent stable (FS); and front, back and both sides open (All4). During observation days, horses were brought in from the field at 0830 h, fed concentrate at 0930 h, fed haylage at 1005 h and turned out at 1600 h. Behaviour was recorded from 0900 to 1040 h, 1200 to 1300 h and 1500 to 1600 h. Weaving was most common prior to feeding in the morning and prior to putting out to pasture in the afternoon. There was a significant effect of stable design on weaving, with less weaving in the FS and All4 designs than the F treatment. There was also a significant effect of stable design on repetitive nodding, though in this case, FB, B, FS and All4 designs each reduced nodding compared with the F treatment. The effect of stable design can be explained in a number of ways. Firstly, it could be the novelty of the environmental change, though there was no evidence in this study of an increase in stereotypy with prolonged exposure to the new stable designs. Secondly, opening windows may increase opportunities for environmental interaction, and the expression of new activities may compete with stereotypic behaviour for the horse's time. Thirdly, the open windows may allow expression of specific activities such as environmental monitoring or social interaction that are denied by the conventional stable. | ||||
| Address | School of Agriculture, De Montfort University, Caythorpe, NG32 3EP, Lincolnshire, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10856785 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1923 | ||
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| Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L. | ||||
| Title | Nursing behaviour and maternal aggression among Welsh ponies (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1985 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 11-25 |
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| Abstract | Nursing behaviour and related aggression of mare-foal pairs was studied from birth (n = 21) to 24 weeks of age (n = 15) of the foal. Foals exhibited a decreasing length and frequency of nursing as they grew older. Mares rarely aggressed against their foals during nursing in the foal's first 4 weeks of life, but did so increasingly through Weeks 13-16, after which the rate of aggression during nursing decreased. Mares terminated nursing primarily by moving away, and were most likely to do so during the foal's first 4 weeks of life. They became gradually less likely to do so as the foal grew older. It was concluded that mares sometimes flex their hind limb on the side opposite the foal during nursing in order to conserve energy in a situation in which they would be remaining still anyway. There was no difference between colts and fillies in the frequency or duration of nursing or in the frequency with which their mothers aggressed against them or terminated nursing. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6504 | ||
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| Author |
HOGAN ES et al, | ||||
| Title | The effect of enclosure size on sozial interactions and daily activity patterns of the captive asiatic wild horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci | |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | Pages | 147-168 | |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1194 | |||
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| Author |
Keeling, L.J.; Bøe, K.E.; Christensen, J.W.; Hyyppä, S.; Jansson, H.; Jørgensen, G.H.M.; Ladewig, J.; Mejdell, C.M.; Särkijärvi, S.; Søndergaard, E.; Hartmann, E. | ||||
| Title | Injury incidence, reactivity and ease of handling of horses kept in groups: a matched case control study in four Nordic countries | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci | |
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| Keywords | horse; behaviour; reactivity; injury; welfare; management | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract There is increasing interest in keeping horses in groups, but progress is hampered by a lack of knowledge about which horses can and should be kept together. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effect of group composition on the occurrence of injuries among horses, the ease of removing horses from groups and horses’ reactivity to a fearful stimulus. Using a matched case control design, 61 groups of horses were studied in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden. They were allocated into groups of similar or different age and sex or where membership changed regularly or remained stable. Injuries were recorded before mixing the horses into treatment groups, the day after mixing and four weeks later. Reactivity of horses to a moving novel object and the behaviour of a horse being removed from its group and the reactions of other group members towards this horse and the handler were evaluated. It was hypothesized that a more socially variable group composition has beneficial effects on behaviour, ease of handling and reducing reactivity whereas frequent changes in group composition has negative consequences, resulting in more injuries. We found that differences in treatment effects were mainly related to breed, rather than group composition. Icelandic horses reacted less to the movement of the novel object (P = 0.007) and approached it more afterwards (P = 0.04). They also had fewer new injuries than warmbloods following mixing (P < 0.001) and fewer than all other groups 4 weeks later (P < 0.01). Most new injuries after mixing were minor and recorded on the horse’s head, chest, hind legs and rump. In conclusion, variations in sex and age composition of the group had little effect on injury level, reactivity and ease of handling compared to the general effect of breed. Concerns about the risk of severe injuries associated with keeping horses in groups are probably overestimated. Thus, we propose that horses can be successfully kept in groups of different sex and age composition. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6020 | ||
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| Author |
Klingel, H. | ||||
| Title | Observations on social organization and behaviour of African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 103-113 |
| Keywords | Equus africanus Equus hemionus Territoriality | ||||
| Abstract | 1This paper appears with kind permission of Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg. It was originally published in Z. Tierpsychol., 44, 323-331 (1977), ISSN 0044-3573/ASTM-Coden: ZETIAG.1 Abstract African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) live in unstable groups or herds of variable composition. Some of the adult stallions are territorial in large territories in which they tolerate other ♂♂. The territorial ♂♂ are dominant over all their conspecifics |
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6173 | ||
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| Author |
McClearn, G.E. | ||||
| Title | Behavioral genetics | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Behavioral Science | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Sci |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 64-81 |
| Keywords | Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Animals; Aptitude; Behavior, Animal; Chromosome Aberrations; Cognition; Cytogenetics; Female; *Genetics, Behavioral; Genetics, Population; Humans; Intelligence; Mental Retardation; Mice; Models, Biological; Personality; Phenylketonurias; Pregnancy; Research; Schizophrenia; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Twins | ||||
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| ISSN | 0005-7940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:5105941 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4150 | ||
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| Author |
Mitman, G. | ||||
| Title | Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | J Hist Behav Sci |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-16 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Dominance-Subordination; History, 20th Century; *Leadership; Political Systems; *Social Dominance; United States | ||||
| Abstract | During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research. | ||||
| Address | University of Wisconsin | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-5061 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:2405050 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2044 | |||
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| Author |
Penzhorn Bl, N.P. | ||||
| Title | Some behavioural traits of Cape Mountain Zebras and their implications for the management of a small conservation animal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci | ||
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1464 | |||
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