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Author |
Connor, R.C. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Altruism among non-relatives: alternatives to the 'Prisoner's Dilemma' |
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Journal Article |
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Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1995 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Ecol Evol |
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10 |
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2 |
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84-86 |
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Abstract |
Triver's model of reciprocal altruism, and its descendants based on the Prisoner's Dilemma model, have dominated thinking about cooperation and altruism between non-relatives. However, there are three alternative models of altruism directed to non-relatives. These models, which are not based on the Prisoner's Dilemma, may explain a variety of phenomena, from allogrooming among impala to helping by non-relatives in cooperatively breeding birds and mammals. |
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Division of Biological Sciences and The Michigan Society of Fellows, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109, USA |
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English |
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0169-5347 |
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PMID:21236964 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5407 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, J. |
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Title |
Origins of the dog: domestication and early history |
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1995 |
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The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge |
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Serpell, J.A. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Clutton-Brock1995 |
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6247 |
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Author |
Wilson, S. D.; Clark, A. B.; Coleman, K.; Dearstyne, T. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
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9 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
442-446 |
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The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for understanding shyness and boldness as a product of natural selection. We sketch this framework and review the few empirical studies of shyness and boldness in natural populations. The study of shyness and boldness adds an interesting new dimension to behavioral ecology by focusing on the nature of continuous behavioral variation that exists within the familiar categories of age, sex and size. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5161 |
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Author |
Byrne R.W. |
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Title |
The evolution of intelligence |
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Book Chapter |
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1994 |
Publication |
Behaviour and Evolution |
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223-265 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge,UK |
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P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6566 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. I.; Hack, M. A. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Horse signals: The sounds and scents of fury |
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Journal Article |
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1992 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Ecol. |
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6 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
254-260 |
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Keywords |
ommunication – combat – fighting ability – individual identity – signals – information – assessment – displays |
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During contests animals typically exchange information about fighting ability. Among feral horses these signals involve olfactory or acoustical elements and each type can effectively terminate contests before physical contact becomes necessary. Dung transplant experiments show that for stallions, irrespective of rank, olfactory signals such as dung sniffing encode information about familiarity suggesting that such signals can be used as signatures. As such they can provide indirect information about fighting ability as long as opponents associate identity with past performance. Play-back experiments, however, show that vocalizations, such as squeals, directly provide information about status regardless of stallion familiarity. Sonographs reveal that squeals of dominants are longer than those of subordinates and that only those of dominants have at their onset high-frequency components. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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506 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.; Alfieri, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Tit-For-Tat in guppies (Poecilia reticulata): the relative nature of cooperation and defection during predator inspection |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Ecol. |
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5 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
300-309 |
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Keywords |
Game theory – Tit-For-Tat – predator inspection – guppy |
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Summary The introduction of game-theoretical thinking into evolutionary biology has laid the groundwork for a heuristic view of animal behaviour in which individuals employ “strategies” – rules that instruct them how to behave in a given circumstance to maximize relative fitness. Axelrod and Hamilton (1981) found that a strategy called Tit-For-Tat (TFT) is one robust cooperative solution to the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game. There exists, however, little empirical evidence that animals employ TFT. Predator inspection in fish provides one ecological context in which to examine the use of the TFT strategy. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2177 |
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Author |
Houston, A.I.; McNamara, J.M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Fighting for food: a dynamic version of the Hawk-Dove game |
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Journal Article |
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1988 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Ecol. |
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2 |
Issue |
1 |
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51-64 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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750 |
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Author |
Kruska, D. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Mammalian domestication and its effect on brain structure and behavior |
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1988 |
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Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology |
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Springer-Verlag |
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New York |
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Jerison, H.J.; Jerison, I. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1988 |
Serial |
6232 |
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Author |
Berger, J.; Cunningham, C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Influence of Familiarity on Frequency of Inbreeding in Wild Horses |
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1987 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
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41 |
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229-231 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2232 |
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Author |
Pusey, A.E. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals |
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Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1987 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
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2 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
295-299 |
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Sex differences in dispersal distance are widespread in birds and mammals, but the predominantly dispersing sex differs consistently between the classes. There has been persistent debate over the relative importance of two factors -- intrasexual competition and inbreeding avoidance -- in producing sex-biased dispersal, and over the sources of the difference in dispersal patterns between the two classes. Recent studies cast new light on these questions. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5326 |
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