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Author Murphy, J.; Arkins, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Laterality and visuo-spatial ability in the equine: Functional measures of sport horse selection? Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2006 Publication BSAP Occasional Publication Abbreviated Journal BSAP Occasional Publication  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 159-170  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Laterality in any organism or species can be manifest as morphological, sensory and functional degrees of asymmetry such as hemispheric dominance, handedness or sidedness and other motor functional behaviours and as such is equally important in equitation. The influence of the horses' sex on both the direction and the degree of the laterality was explored within and between 4 experimental procedures in the 1st study. The findings showed that the direction, but not the degree of idiosyncratic motor preference in the horses was strongly sex-related. Male horses exhibited significantly more left lateralized responses and female horses exhibited significantly more right lateralized responses. Visuo-spatial ability is also likely to be important in the performance horse. In many species, moderate to large differences in visuo-spatial ability have been reported between the sexes, with superior visuo-spatial ability being reported in males of all species investigated to date. As no known studies had addressed visuo-spatial ability in the equine, the objective of the 2nd study, was to determine if visuo-spatial ability differed between male and female horses. The results produced the first behavioural demonstration of superior visuo-spatial ability in male horses, similar to that reported in other species. There is evidence to suggest that visuospatial ability and motor laterality are associated with cerebral hemispheric asymmetry and may be intrinsically linked. Brain development and laterality have also been associated with hair patterning, and, in a 3rd study we attempted to identify predictors of lateral bias in motor behaviour in horses. We investigated the relationship between the direction of facial hair whorl rotation and the incidence/direction of laterality in the horse. The findings suggest that direction of facial hair whorl rotation may be a useful indicator of lateralised motor behavioural preferences in the horse. We then attempted to establish if laterality was evident at birth in a 4th study, where we explored if neonatal foals exhibited lateralised patterns during and immediately post the birthing process that were correlated with their facial hair whorl patterns. The results showed a significant association between the sex of the foal and the choice of foreleg presented initially during 2nd stage parturition. Significantly more colt foals led with the left foreleg and significantly more filly foals led with the right foreleg than expected purely by random and the behaviour was correlated with facial hair whorl patterns. The findings also suggest that lateralisation in the horse is determined in utero as has also been shown in humans. Comparisons of wholly intact male and female horses are warranted as they might elucidate additional linkages between motor behaviour, visuo-spatial ability and brain organisation and development in the horse. Further research in this area could lead to more appropriate competition conditions (better fence design/construction on cross-country tracks) and so eliminate unnecessary levels of risk associated with many equestrian sports.  
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  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition 2018/02/27  
  ISSN 0263-967x ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6512  
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Author Kuczaj, S. A; Makecha, R.; Trone, M.; Paulos, R. D; Ramos, J. A. openurl 
  Title Role of Peers in Cultural Innovation and Cultural Transmission: Evidence from the Play of Dolphin Calves Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2006 Publication International Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Comp. Psychol  
  Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 223-240  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6526  
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Author Rhodin, M.; Johnston, C.; Holm, K.R.; Wennerstrand, J.; Drevemo, S. openurl 
  Title The influence of head and neck position on kinematics of the back in riding horses at the walk and trot Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 7-11  
  Keywords Acceleration; Animals; Back/*physiology; Biomechanics; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Gait/*physiology; Head/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Movement/physiology; Neck/*physiology; Walking/physiology  
  Abstract REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: A common opinion among riders and in the literature is that the positioning of the head and neck influences the back of the horse, but this has not yet been measured objectively. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of head and neck position on the kinematics of the back in riding horses. METHODS: Eight Warmblood riding horses in regular work were studied on a treadmill at walk and trot with the head and neck in 3 different predetermined positions achieved by side reins attached to the bit and to an anticast roller. The 3-dimensional movement of the thoracolumbar spine was measured from the position of skin-fixed markers recorded by infrared videocameras. RESULTS: Head and neck position influenced the movements of the back, especially at the walk. When the head was fixed in a high position at the walk, the flexion-extension movement and lateral bending of the lumbar back, as well as the axial rotation, were significantly reduced when compared to movements with the head free or in a low position. At walk, head and neck position also significantly influenced stride length, which was shortest with the head in a high position. At trot, the stride length was independent of head position. CONCLUSIONS: Restricting and restraining the position and movement of the head and neck alters the movement of the back and stride characteristics. With the head and neck in a high position stride length and flexion and extension of the caudal back were significantly reduced. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Use of side reins in training and rehabilitation programmes should be used with an understanding of the possible effects on the horse's back.  
  Address Department of Anatomy, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15651727 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3657  
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Author Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Behavioural adaptation in the domestic horse: potential role of apparently abnormal responses including stereotypic behaviour Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication Livestock Production Science Abbreviated Journal Livest. Prod. Sci.  
  Volume 92 Issue 2 Pages 177-182  
  Keywords Behavioural adaptation; Horse; Stereotypic behaviour  
  Abstract Classically, biologists have considered adaptation of behavioural characteristics in terms of long-term functional benefits to the individual, such as survival or reproductive fitness. In captive species, including the domestic horse, this level of explanation is limited, as for the most part, horses are housed in conditions that differ markedly from those in which they evolved. In addition, an individual horse's reproductive fitness is largely determined by man rather than its own behavioural strategies. Perhaps for reasons of this kind, explanations of behavioural adaptation to environmental challenges by domestic animals, including the capacity to learn new responses to these challenges, tend to concentrate on the proximate causes of behaviour. However, understanding the original function of these adaptive responses can help us explain why animals perform apparently novel or functionless activities in certain housing conditions and may help us to appreciate what the animal welfare implications might be. This paper reviews the behavioural adaptation of the domestic horse to captivity and discusses how apparently abnormal behaviour may not only provide a useful practical indicator of specific environmental deficiencies but may also serve the animal as an adaptive response to these deficiencies in an “abnormal” environment.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0301-6226 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4829  
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Author Kruska, D.C.T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title On the evolutionary significance of encephalization in some eutherian mammals: effects of adaptive radiation, domestication, and feralization Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication Brain Behav Evol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 65 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska2005 Serial 6235  
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Author Saunders, F.C.; McElligott, A.G.; Safi, K.; Hayden, T.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Mating tactics of male feral goats (Capra hircus): risks and benefits Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication Acta Ethol Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Saunders2005 Serial 6252  
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Author Shi, J.; Dunbar, R.I.M.; Buckland, D.; Miller, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Dynamics of grouping patterns and social segregation in feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum, NW Scotland Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication Mammalia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 69 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shi2005 Serial 6257  
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Author Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Gordon, I.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Gregariousness increases brain size in ungulates Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication Oecologia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 145 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pérez-Barbería2005 Serial 6258  
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Author Bates, D. openurl 
  Title Fitting linear mixed models in R Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication R News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bates2005 Serial 6293  
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Author Podlog, L.; Eklund, R.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Return to Sport after Serious Injury: A Retrospective Examination of Motivation and Psychological Outcomes Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2005 Publication Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Abbreviated Journal Journal of Sport Rehabilitation  
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 20-34  
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  Abstract Context: It is argued in self-determination theory that the motivation underlying behavior has implications for health and well-being independent of the behavior itself. Objective: To examine associations between athlete motivations for returning to sport after injury and perceived psychological return-to-sport outcomes. Design: A correlational survey design was employed to obtain data in Canada, Australia, and England. Participants: Elite and subelite athletes (N = 180) with injuries requiring a minimum 2-month absence from sport participation. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed an inventory measuring perceptions of motivation to return to sport from a serious injury and psychological return-to-sport outcomes. Results: Correlational analyses revealed that intrinsic motivations for returning to competition were associated with a positive renewed perspective on sport participation. Conversely, extrinsic motivations for returning to sport were associated with increased worry and concern. Conclusions: The motivation underlying return to sport might play an important role in return-to-sport perceptions among elite and subelite athletes.  
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  Publisher Human Kinetics Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1056-6716 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes doi: 10.1123/jsr.14.1.20 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6390  
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