Records |
Author |
Dyer, F.C. |
Title |
Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle |
Type |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
419 |
Issue |
6910 |
Pages |
885-886 |
Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12410290 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
769 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; McGrew, W.C. |
Title |
Is this the first portrayal of tool use by a chimp? |
Type |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
409 |
Issue |
6816 |
Pages |
12 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Philately |
Abstract |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:11343083 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
739 |
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Author |
Wilson, A.M.; McGuigan, M.P.; Su, A.; van Den Bogert, A.J. |
Title |
Horses damp the spring in their step |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
414 |
Issue |
6866 |
Pages |
895-899 |
Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Elasticity; Forelimb; Gait; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Leg Bones/*physiology; Locomotion; Models, Biological; Muscle Fibers/physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Tendons/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Vibration |
Abstract |
The muscular work of galloping in horses is halved by storing and returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units.These make the legs act like a child's pogo stick that is tuned to stretch and recoil at 2.5 strides per second. This mechanism is optimized by unique musculoskeletal adaptations: the digital flexor muscles have extremely short fibres and significant passive properties, whereas the tendons are very long and span several joints. Length change occurs by a stretching of the spring-like digital flexor tendons rather than through energetically expensive length changes in the muscle. Despite being apparently redundant for such a mechanism, the muscle fibres in the digital flexors are well developed. Here we show that the mechanical arrangement of the elastic leg permits it to vibrate at a higher frequency of 30-40 Hz that could cause fatigue damage to tendon and bone. Furthermore, we show that the digital flexor muscles have minimal ability to contribute to or regulate significantly the 2.5-Hz cycle of movement, but are ideally arranged to damp these high-frequency oscillations in the limb. |
Address |
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. awilson@rvc.ac.uk |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:11780059 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2300 |
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Author |
Rizzolatti, G.; Fogassi, L.; Gallese, V. |
Title |
Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature Reviews Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Rev Neurosci |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
661-670 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
What are the neural bases of action understanding? Although this capacity could merely involve visual analysis of the action, it has been argued that we actually map this visual information onto its motor representation in our nervous system. Here we discuss evidence for the existence of a system, the ‘mirror system’, that seems to serve this mapping function in primates and humans, and explore its implications for the understanding and imitation of action. |
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ISSN |
1471-003x |
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Notes |
10.1038/35090060 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5013 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Berger, M.L. |
Title |
Payment for labour in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
404 |
Issue |
6778 |
Pages |
563 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Evolution; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Reward |
Abstract |
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Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10766228 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
190 |
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Author |
Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Visual kin recognition in chimpanzees |
Type |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
647-648 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Face; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385114 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
195 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Cultural primatology comes of age |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
635-636 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385107 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
196 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; Goodall, J.; McGrew, W.C.; Nishida, T.; Reynolds, V.; Sugiyama, Y.; Tutin, C.E.; Wrangham, R.W.; Boesch, C. |
Title |
Cultures in chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
682-685 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
As an increasing number of field studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have achieved long-term status across Africa, differences in the behavioural repertoires described have become apparent that suggest there is significant cultural variation. Here we present a systematic synthesis of this information from the seven most long-term studies, which together have accumulated 151 years of chimpanzee observation. This comprehensive analysis reveals patterns of variation that are far more extensive than have previously been documented for any animal species except humans. We find that 39 different behaviour patterns, including tool usage, grooming and courtship behaviours, are customary or habitual in some communities but are absent in others where ecological explanations have been discounted. Among mammalian and avian species, cultural variation has previously been identified only for single behaviour patterns, such as the local dialects of song-birds. The extensive, multiple variations now documented for chimpanzees are thus without parallel. Moreover, the combined repertoire of these behaviour patterns in each chimpanzee community is itself highly distinctive, a phenomenon characteristic of human cultures but previously unrecognised in non-human species. |
Address |
Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, UK |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385119 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
742 |
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Author |
Bouman, I. |
Title |
The reintroduction of Przewalski horses in the Hustain Nuruu Mountain Forest Steppe Reserve in Mongolia |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Mededelingen: Netherlands Commission for International Nature Protection |
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Volume |
32 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2241 |
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Author |
Dyer, F.C. |
Title |
Spatial Cognition: Lessons from Central-place Foraging Insects |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition in Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
119-154 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Summary Spatial orientation has played an extremely important role in the development of ideas about the behavioral capacities of animals. Indeed, as the modern scientific study of animal behavior emerged from its roots in zoology and experimental psychology, studies of spatial orientation figured in the work of many of the pioneering researchers, including Tinbergen (), von ), Watson () and . |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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9780120770304 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2913 |
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