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Author |
Outram, A.K.; Stear, N.A.; Bendrey, R.; Olsen, S.; Kasparov, A.; Zaibert, V.; Thorpe, N.; Evershed, R.P. |
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Title |
The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Science |
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323 |
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5919 |
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1332-1335 |
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Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using δ13C and δD values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6620 |
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Author |
Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. |
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Title |
Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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BMC Evolutionary Biology |
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9 |
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1 |
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12 |
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Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. |
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1471-2148 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 |
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6637 |
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Author |
Webster, M.M.; Laland, K.N. |
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Title |
Social learning strategies and predation risk: minnows copy only when using private information would be costly |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
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Proc Biol Sci |
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Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B |
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275 |
Issue |
1653 |
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2869-2876 |
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Animals can acquire information from the environment privately, by sampling it directly, or socially, through learning from others. Generally, private information is more accurate, but expensive to acquire, while social information is cheaper but less reliable. Accordingly, the 'costly information hypothesis' predicts that individuals will use private information when the costs associated with doing so are low, but that they should increasingly use social information as the costs of using private information rise. While consistent with considerable data, this theory has yet to be directly tested in a satisfactory manner. We tested this hypothesis by giving minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) a choice between socially demonstrated and non-demonstrated prey patches under conditions of low, indirect and high simulated predation risk. Subjects had no experience (experiment 1) or prior private information that conflicted with the social information provided by the demonstrators (experiment 2). In both experiments, subjects spent more time in the demonstrated patch than in the non-demonstrated patch, and in experiment 1 made fewer switches between patches, when risk was high compared with when it was low. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the costly information hypothesis, and imply that minnows adopt a 'copy-when-asocial-learning-is-costly' learning strategy. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6196 |
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Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N. |
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Social processes influencing learning in animals: a review of the evidence |
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2008 |
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Adv Study Behav |
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38 |
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105-165 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hoppitt2008 |
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6260 |
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Langbein, J.; Siebert, K.; Nuernberg, G. |
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Concurrent recall of serially learned visual discrimination problems in dwarf goats (Capra hircus) |
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2008 |
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Behav Proc |
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79 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Langbein2008 |
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6363 |
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Author |
Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J. |
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On a chirplet transform-based method applied to separating and counting wolf howls |
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2008 |
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Signal Process |
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88 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2008 |
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6466 |
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Richards, D.G.; Wiley, R.H. |
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Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication |
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2008 |
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Am Nat |
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115 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Richards2008 |
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6485 |
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Author |
Charif, R.A.; Waack, A.M.; Strickman, L.M. |
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Title |
Raven Pro 1.3 User's Manual |
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Book Whole |
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2008 |
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Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology |
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Ithaca, New York |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Charif2008 |
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6488 |
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Author |
Sueur, J.; Aubin, T.; Simonis, C. |
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Title |
Seewave: a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis |
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2008 |
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Bioacoustics |
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18 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sueur2008 |
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6490 |
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Author |
Krösbacher, A. E. |
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Title |
Das Arabische Vollblut: Eine kontrovers diskutierte Rasse: Was steckt wirklich hinter der Zucht dieser edlen Pferde? |
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2008 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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University for Veterinarian Medicine Vienna |
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Vienna |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6544 |
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