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Author |
Cooper, J.J. |
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Title |
Equine learning behaviour: Common knowledge and systematic research |
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2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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24-26 |
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630 |
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Author |
Hothersall, B.; Nicol, C. |
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Title |
Equine learning behaviour: accounting for ecological constraints and relationships with humans in experimental design |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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1 |
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45-48 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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632 |
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Author |
Creighton, E. |
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Title |
Equine learning behaviour: Limits of ability and ability limits of trainers |
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Year |
2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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1 |
Pages |
43-44 |
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633 |
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Author |
Goodwin, D. |
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Title |
Equine learning behaviour: What we know, what we don't and future research priorities |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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17-19 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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634 |
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Author |
Linklater, W.L. |
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Title |
Equine learning in a wider context--Opportunities for integrative pluralism |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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Volume |
76 |
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53-56 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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635 |
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Author |
Murphy, J.; Arkins, S. |
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Title |
Synthesizing what we know of equine learning behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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57-60 |
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876 |
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Author |
Robinson, H.C. |
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Title |
Equine interspecies aggression |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
160 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
244 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Equidae; Horses/*physiology/*psychology |
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0042-4900 |
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Notes |
PMID:17308028 |
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1773 |
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Author |
Mills, D.S. |
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Title |
Comments about the importance of behaviour to equine clinicians |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
95 |
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Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; *Clinical Competence; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Veterinarians/*psychology; Veterinary Medicine/*standards |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:17228604 |
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1839 |
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Author |
Petter-Puchner, A.H.; Froetscher, W.; Krametter-Froetscher, R.; Lorinson, D.; Redl, H.; van Griensven, M. |
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Title |
The long-term neurocompatibility of human fibrin sealant and equine collagen as biomatrices in experimental spinal cord injury |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology : Official Journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Exp Toxicol Pathol |
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58 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
237-245 |
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Animals; Axotomy; Biocompatible Materials/*therapeutic use; Collagen/*therapeutic use; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/*therapeutic use; Horses; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Motor Activity/physiology; Nerve Regeneration/*physiology; Rats; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord/pathology/physiology; Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology/*therapy; Thoracic Vertebrae |
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INTRODUCTION: While fibrin sealant (FS) and equine collagen (EC) have been used as scaffold materials in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI), questions concerning neurocompatibility still remain. In this study, we assessed potential adverse effects, as well as functional and histological impact of FS and EC in subtotal hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord (SC) in rats. METHODS: 124 male rats were randomly assigned to four main groups (n=31): Sham (SH), Lesion only (L), fibrin sealant (GFS) and equine collagen group (GEC). SH animals received laminectomy only; all other animals underwent subtotal lateral hemisection at T9. Treatment consisted of application of FS or EC into the lesion gap in GFS and GEC, which was left empty in L. GFS, GEC, L and SH were each further divided into 4 subgroups: One subgroup, consisting of 10 rats was subjected to behavioural and reflex testing before surgery and followed up on days 1,7, 14, 21, 28 post op and then sacrificed. Haemalaun or cresyl violet (CV) was used to identify neutrophils in parasagittal cord sections which were obtained on day 1 (n=7). Sections stained for quantification of microglia/macrophages using ED-1 on day 3 (n=7), day 7 (n=7) and day 28 (n=7 out of 10). Additionally, neural filament (NF) staining was chosen to detect axonal regeneration and the length of ingrowth into FS and EC, Luxol blue for myelination, Von Willebrand factor for vascularisation, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining for detection of astrocytes in glial scars on day 28. RESULTS: No adverse effects were observed in the treatment groups. Compared to L, GFS and GEC performed significantly better in the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and hopping responses. Proprioceptive placing was markedly improved in FS and EC compared to L. Axonal regrowth was found in GFS and GEC--the regrowth in the GFS was accompanied by myelination and vascularisation. Glial scarring occurred in all groups. Discussion Both biomatrices improved functional recovery compared to L and no adverse effects were perceived. |
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Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200-Vienna, Austria |
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0940-2993 |
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PMID:17118635 |
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1852 |
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Author |
Murray, R.C.; Branch, M.V.; Dyson, S.J.; Parkin, T.D.H.; Goodship, A.E. |
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Title |
How does exercise intensity and type affect equine distal tarsal subchondral bone thickness? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
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102 |
Issue |
6 |
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2194-2200 |
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Adaptation of osteochondral tissues is based on the strains experienced during exercise at each location within the joint. Different exercise intensities and types may induce particular site-specific strains, influencing osteochondral adaptation and potentially predisposing to injury. Our hypotheses were that patterns of equine distal tarsal subchondral bone (SCB) thickness relate to the type and intensity of exercise, and that high-intensity exercise leads to site-specific increases in thickness. SCB thickness was measured at defined dorsal and plantar locations on magnetic resonance images of cadaver tarsi collected from horses with a history of low [general purpose (n=20) and horse walker (n=6)] or high [elite competition (n=12), race training (n=15), and treadmill training (n=4)] exercise intensity. SCB thickness was compared between sites within each exercise group and between exercise groups. SCB thickness in elite competition and race training, but not treadmill training, was greater than low-intensity exercise. For general purpose horses, lateral SCB thickness was greater than medial throughout. Horse walker exercise led to relatively thicker lateral and medial SCB compared with the midline. Elite competition was associated with increased SCB thickness of the proximal small tarsal bones medially and the distal bones laterally. For race training and treadmill training, there were minimal differences between sites overall, although the lateral aspect was greater than medial, and medial greater than midline at a few sites for race training. In conclusion, different types of high-intensity exercise were associated with different patterns of SCB thickness across the joints from medial to lateral and proximal to distal, indicating that both exercise intensity and type of exercise affect the SCB response at any particular site within the equine distal tarsal joints. |
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Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom. rachel.murray@aht.org.uk |
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8750-7587 |
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PMID:17332271 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4021 |
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