Records |
Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
Title |
Signalers and receivers in animal communication |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Annual review of psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu Rev Psychol |
Volume |
54 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
145-173 |
Keywords |
Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Motivation; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment. The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior, they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu |
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ISSN |
0066-4308 |
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Notes |
PMID:12359915 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
690 |
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Author |
Horowitz, A.C. |
Title |
Do humans ape? Or do apes human? Imitation and intention in humans (Homo sapiens) and other animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
117 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
325-336 |
Keywords |
Adolescent; Adult; Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Child, Preschool; Concept Formation; Female; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Problem Solving; *Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
A. Whiten, D. M. Custance, J.-C. Gomez, P. Teixidor, and K. A. Bard (1996) tested chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) and human children's (Homo sapiens) skills at imitation with a 2-action test on an “artificial fruit.” Chimpanzees imitated to a restricted degree; children were more thoroughly imitative. Such results prompted some to assert that the difference in imitation indicates a difference in the subjects' understanding of the intentions of the demonstrator (M. Tomasello, 1996). In this experiment, 37 adult human subjects were tested with the artificial fruit. Far from being perfect imitators, the adults were less imitative than the children. These results cast doubt on the inference from imitative performance to an ability to understand others' intentions. The results also demonstrate how any test of imitation requires a control group and attention to the level of behavioral analysis. |
Address |
Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. ahorowitz@crl.ucsd.edu |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. : 1983 |
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English |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:14498809 |
Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
736 |
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Author |
Stoinski, T.S.; Whiten, A. |
Title |
Social learning by orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) in a simulated food-processing task |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
117 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
272-282 |
Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Pongo pygmaeus/*psychology; Problem Solving; Psychomotor Performance; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Transfer (Psychology) |
Abstract |
Increasing evidence for behavioral differences between populations of primates has created a resurgence of interest in examining mechanisms of information transfer between individuals. The authors examined the social transmission of information in 15 captive orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) using a simulated food-processing task. Experimental subjects were shown 1 of 2 methods for removing a suite of defenses on an “artificial fruit.” Control subjects were given no prior exposure before interacting with the fruit. Observing a model provided a functional advantage in the task, as significantly more experimental than control subjects opened the fruit. Within the experimental groups, the authors found a trend toward differences in the actual behaviors used to remove 1 of the defenses. Results support observations from the wild implying horizontal transfer of information in orangutans and show that a number of social learning processes are likely to be involved in the transfer of knowledge in this species. |
Address |
Department of Primate Research, Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315, USA. tstoinski@zooatlanta.org |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:14498803 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
737 |
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Author |
Fragaszy, D.; Johnson-Pynn, J.; Hirsh, E.; Brakke, K. |
Title |
Strategic navigation of two-dimensional alley mazes: comparing capuchin monkeys and chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
6 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
149-160 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; Choice Behavior/*physiology; Computer Peripherals; Female; Male; Maze Learning/*physiology; Neuropsychological Tests; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Space Perception/*physiology; Species Specificity; User-Computer Interface |
Abstract |
Planning is an important component of cognition that contributes, for example, to efficient movement through space. In the current study we presented novel two-dimensional alley mazes to four chimpanzees and three capuchin monkeys to identify the nature and efficiency of planning in relation to varying task parameters. All the subjects solved more mazes without error than expected by chance, providing compelling evidence that both species planned their choices in some manner. The probability of making a correct choice on mazes designed to be more demanding and presented later in the testing series was higher than on earlier, simpler mazes (chimpanzees), or unchanged (capuchin monkeys), suggesting microdevelopment of strategic choice. Structural properties of the mazes affected both species' choices. Capuchin monkeys were less likely than chimpanzees to take a correct path that initially led away from the goal but that eventually led to the goal. Chimpanzees were more likely to make an error by passing a correct path than by turning onto a wrong path. Chimpanzees and one capuchin made more errors on choices farther in sequence from the goal. Each species corrected errors before running into the end of an alley in approximately 40% of cases. Together, these findings suggest nascent planning abilities in each species, and the prospect for significant development of strategic planning capabilities on tasks presenting multiple simultaneous or sequential spatial relations. The computerized maze paradigm appears well suited to investigate movement planning and spatial perception in human and nonhuman primates alike. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. doree@arches.uga.edu |
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English |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12955584 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2557 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hayashi, M.; Matsuzawa, T. |
Title |
Cognitive development in object manipulation by infant chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
225-233 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Child Development/physiology; Child, Preschool; Cognition/*physiology; Female; Growth; Humans; Imitative Behavior/physiology; Infant; Learning/*physiology; Male; Mothers/*psychology; Motor Skills/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*growth & development/*psychology; Psychomotor Performance/*physiology; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
This study focuses on the development of spontaneous object manipulation in three infant chimpanzees during their first 2 years of life. The three infants were raised by their biological mothers who lived among a group of chimpanzees. A human tester conducted a series of cognitive tests in a triadic situation where mothers collaborated with the researcher during the testing of the infants. Four tasks were presented, taken from normative studies of cognitive development of Japanese infants: inserting objects into corresponding holes in a box, seriating nesting cups, inserting variously shaped objects into corresponding holes in a template, and stacking up wooden blocks. The mothers had already acquired skills to perform these manipulation tasks. The infants were free to observe the mothers' manipulative behavior from immediately after birth. We focused on object-object combinations that were made spontaneously by the infant chimpanzees, without providing food reinforcement for any specific behavior that the infants performed. The three main findings can be summarized as follows. First, there was precocious appearance of object-object combination in infant chimpanzees: the age of onset (8-11 months) was comparable to that in humans (around 10 months old). Second, object-object combinations in chimpanzees remained at a low frequency between 11 and 16 months, then increased dramatically at the age of approximately 1.5 years. At the same time, the accuracy of these object-object combinations also increased. Third, chimpanzee infants showed inserting behavior frequently and from an early age but they did not exhibit stacking behavior during their first 2 years of life, in clear contrast to human data. |
Address |
Section of Language and Intelligence, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506 Aichi, Japan. misato@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12905079 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2559 |
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Author |
Santos, L.R.; Miller, C.T.; Hauser, M.D. |
Title |
Representing tools: how two non-human primate species distinguish between the functionally relevant and irrelevant features of a tool |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
269-281 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Form Perception/*physiology; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology; Imitative Behavior; Macaca mulatta/*growth & development/*psychology; Male; Motor Skills; Practice (Psychology); Saguinus/*growth & development/*psychology; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
Few studies have examined whether non-human tool-users understand the properties that are relevant for a tool's function. We tested cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on an expectancy violation procedure designed to assess whether these species make distinctions between the functionally relevant and irrelevant features of a tool. Subjects watched an experimenter use a tool to push a grape down a ramp, and then were presented with different displays in which the features of the original tool (shape, color, orientation) were selectively varied. Results indicated that both species looked longer when a newly shaped stick acted on the grape than when a newly colored stick performed the same action, suggesting that both species perceive shape as a more salient transformation than color. In contrast, tamarins, but not rhesus, attended to changes in the tool's orientation. We propose that some non-human primates begin with a predisposition to attend to a tool's shape and, with sufficient experience, develop a more sophisticated understanding of the features that are functionally relevant to tools. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. laurie.santos@yale.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12736800 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2570 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gulotta, M.; Rogatsky, E.; Callender, R.H.; Dyer, R.B. |
Title |
Primary folding dynamics of sperm whale apomyoglobin: core formation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Biophysical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biophys J |
Volume |
84 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1909-1918 |
Keywords |
Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Crystallography/*methods; Horses; Myocardium/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Protein Conformation; *Protein Folding; Species Specificity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Temperature; Whales |
Abstract |
The structure, thermodynamics, and kinetics of heat-induced unfolding of sperm whale apomyoglobin core formation have been studied. The most rudimentary core is formed at pH(*) 3.0 and up to 60 mM NaCl. Steady state for ultraviolet circular dichroism and fluorescence melting studies indicate that the core in this acid-destabilized state consists of a heterogeneous composition of structures of approximately 26 residues, two-thirds of the number involved for horse heart apomyoglobin under these conditions. Fluorescence temperature-jump relaxation studies show that there is only one process involved in Trp burial. This occurs in 20 micro s for a 7 degrees jump to 52 degrees C, which is close to the limits placed by diffusion on folding reactions. However, infrared temperature jump studies monitoring native helix burial are biexponential with times of 5 micro s and 56 micro s for a similar temperature jump. Both fluorescence and infrared fast phases are energetically favorable but the slow infrared absorbance phase is highly temperature-dependent, indicating a substantial enthalpic barrier for this process. The kinetics are best understood by a multiple-pathway kinetics model. The rapid phases likely represent direct burial of one or both of the Trp residues and parts of the G- and H-helices. We attribute the slow phase to burial and subsequent rearrangement of a misformed core or to a collapse having a high energy barrier wherein both Trps are solvent-exposed. |
Address |
Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. gulotta@aecom.yu.edu |
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English |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0006-3495 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Notes |
PMID:12609893 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3783 |
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Author |
Wallner, B.; Brem, G.; Muller, M.; Achmann, R. |
Title |
Fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome indicate clear divergence between Equus przewalskii and Equus caballus |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
453-456 |
Keywords |
Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics; Genetic Variation/*genetics; Horses/classification/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Probability; Species Specificity; Y Chromosome/*genetics |
Abstract |
The phylogenetic relationship between Equus przewalskii and E. caballus is often a matter of debate. Although these taxa have different chromosome numbers, they do not form monophyletic clades in a phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA sequences. Here we report sequence variation from five newly identified Y chromosome regions of the horse. Two fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome clearly display Przewalski's horse and domestic horse as sister taxa. At both positions the Przewalski's horse haplotype shows the ancestral state, in common with the members of the zebra/ass lineage. We discuss the factors that may have led to the differences in mtDNA and Y-chromosomal observations. |
Address |
Institut fur Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien, Veterinarplatz, Wien, Austria. wallner@i122server.vu-wien.ac.at |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0268-9146 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:14687077 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5038 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. |
Title |
The domestication of social cognition in dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
298 |
Issue |
5598 |
Pages |
1634-1636 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves |
Abstract |
Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. |
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:12446914 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
595 |
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Author |
Bjorklund, D.F.; Yunger, J.L.; Bering, J.M.; Ragan, P. |
Title |
The generalization of deferred imitation in enculturated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year ![sorted by Year field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-58 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Pan troglodytes/physiology/*psychology; Parenting; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
Deferred imitation of object-related actions and generalization of imitation to similar but not identical tasks was assessed in three human-reared (enculturated) chimpanzees, ranging in age from 5 to 9 years. Each ape displayed high levels of deferred imitation and only slightly lower levels of generalization of imitation. The youngest two chimpanzees were more apt to generalize the model's actions when they had displayed portions of the target behaviors at baseline, consistent with the idea that learning is more likely to occur when working within the “zone of proximal development.” We argue that generalization of imitation is the best evidence to date of imitative learning in chimpanzees. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA. dbjorklund@fau.edu |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:11957402 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2610 |
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