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| Author |
Ceacero, F.; Landete-Castillejos, T.; Garcia, A.J.; Estevez, J.A.; Gallego, L. |
| Title |
Kinship Discrimination and Effects on Social Rank and Aggressiveness Levels in Iberian Red Deer Hinds |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2007 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
113 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1133-1140 |
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Abstract Kin recognition is a widespread phenomenon that allows individuals to benefit by enhancing their inclusive fitness, and one of its most common forms is reducing aggressiveness towards relatives. We carried out an experiment with Iberian red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in order to examine kin biases in dominance behaviour and its consequences on social rank. Three enclosed groups (n = 36, 23 and 21, respectively) were monitored during two lactation seasons and social rank hierarchies were assessed by analysing aggressive interactions matrices with Matman 1.1 software. Aggressive interactions between related hinds was significantly smaller than expected (chi2 = 5.02, df = 1, p = 0.025), not only between mother and daughter but also in second and third kinship degrees. Although rates of aggressiveness were similar to data published relating free-ranging C. e. scoticus, aggressive interactions with relatives were significantly smaller (chi2 = 39.0, df = 1, p < 0.001). This reduction of aggressiveness between related hinds was not the result of these hinds having a lower social rank: social rank was only related to age and weight, but not to kinship degree, calf sex or calving date. The decrease of aggressiveness towards first-, second- and third-degree relatives shows a complex kin recognition system in deer. Possible nepotistic roles in lactation include preventing milk thefts by non-kin and disturbing feeding of unrelated hinds. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4311 |
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Pannozzo, P.L.; Phillips, K.A.; Haas, M.E.; Mintz, E.M. |
| Title |
Social Monitoring Reflects Dominance Relationships in a Small Captive Group of Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
113 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
881-888 |
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Abstract In several studies of social monitoring in primates, subordinate animals directed more visual attention toward dominant animals than vice versa. This behavior is thought to enable subordinate animals to avoid conflict. We sought to clarify whether visual attention behavior functions in this manner in a small captive group of brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella. We tested the hypothesis that social monitoring is related to dominance status. Dominance status was determined based on the directionality of aggressive behavior, and visual attention was quantified by using focal animal sampling. Subordinate animals directed significantly more visual attention toward others than dominant animals. Subordinate animals also looked more frequently at the animals that attacked them and others the most. The results indicate that social monitoring behavior in this captive group was driven by conflict-avoidance. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4312 |
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Shi, J.; Dunbar, R. |
| Title |
Feeding competition within a feral goat population on the Isle of Rum, NW Scotland |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethol. |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
117-124 |
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This study investigated feeding competition within and between different age-sex classes of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum (northwest Scotland) from August to November 2000 (inclusive). Although contests in a feeding context were common, most were relatively passive: little overt agonistic behaviour was observed between opponents and the distance between feeding animals involved did not change significantly after an interaction. Month (but not sex or habitat type) had a significant effect on feeding interaction rates, and the proportion of interactions involving more intense forms of conflict was highest in November when forage availability was beginning to decline. The results show that the initiator won most feeding encounters, with adult males being dominant over females. The ability to win conflicts increased with age for both males and females. However, it decreased sharply for adult males older than 5 years, which may, in part, explain the reduced overwinter survival of these individuals. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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805 |
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Hemelrijk, C.K. |
| Title |
Understanding Social Behaviour with the Help of Complexity Science (Invited Article) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
108 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
655-671 |
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Abstract In the study of complexity, a new kind of explanation has been developed for social behaviour. It shows how patterns of social behaviour can arise as a side-effect of the interaction of individuals with their social or physical environment (e.g. by self-organization). This development may influence our ideas about the direct causation and evolution of social behaviour. Furthermore, it may influence our theories about the integration of different traits. This new method has been made possible by the increase in computing power. It is now applied in many areas of science, such as physics, chemistry, sociology and economics. However, in zoology and anthropology it is still rare. The major aim of this paper is to make this method more generally accepted among behavioural scientists. |
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Blackwell Verlag, GmbH |
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1439-0310 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5200 |
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Mettke-Hofmann, C.; Winkler, H.; Leisler, B. |
| Title |
The Significance of Ecological Factors for Exploration and Neophobia in Parrots |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Ethology |
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108 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
249-272 |
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Exploratory behaviour plays an important role in most animals for gathering information about their environment. If it constitutes an adaptation to different environmental conditions exploratory behaviour should differ between species. This has been tested with several hypotheses. Sixty-one parrot species (Psittacidae) from eight tribes with different diets and habitat preferences were investigated in aviaries. Two tests were carried out. First, a novel object (wooden ring) in the familiar aviary was presented on two test days in the exploration test. Latencies until first contact with the object and the duration of exploration were recorded. Secondly, in the neophobia test, novel objects were placed beside the feeding dish and latencies until first food intake were recorded. The exploration and neophobia data were related to 12 (13) ecological variables using multiple regression analyses. Phylogenetic relationships were considered. Species that inhabit complex habitats, such as forest edges, or that feed on buds or species from islands showed the shortest latencies in the exploration test. In contrast, long latencies were related to a diet including a great amount of seeds and/or flowers. The longest duration of exploration occurred in species eating nuts or originating from islands, whereas short durations were related to feeding on seeds. Neophobia was positively related to a diet consisting of insects, and negatively to a diet of leaves. There was no relationship between measures of exploration and neophobia. Exploration and neophobia seem to be tightly related to the ecology of a species. |
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Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag |
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1439-0310 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5617 |
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Seferta, A.; Guay, P.-J.; Marzinotto, E.; Lefebvre, L. |
| Title |
Learning Differences between Feral Pigeons and Zenaida Doves: The Role of Neophobia and Human Proximity |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
107 |
Issue |
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281-293 |
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Learning differences predicted from ecological variables can be confounded with differences in wariness of novel stimuli (neophobia). Previous work on feral pigeons (Columba livia), as well as on group-feeding and territorial zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita), reported individual and social learning differences predicted from social foraging mode. In the present study, we show that speed of learning a foraging task covaries with neophobia and latency to feed from a familiar dish in the three types of columbids. Pigeons were much faster than either territorial or group-feeding zenaida doves on all tests conducted in captivity, but showed unexpectedly strong neophobia in some urban flocks during field tests. Human proximity strongly affected performance in group-feeding doves both in the field and in captivity. They were slightly faster at learning than their territorial conspecifics in cage tests. In multiple regressions, species identity, but not social foraging mode, significantly predicted individual variation in learning, as did individual variation in neophobia. Wariness of novel stimuli and species differences associated with artificial selection appear to be more important than foraging mode and wariness of humans in accounting for learning differences between these columbids. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2184 |
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Hampton, R.R. |
| Title |
Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
107 |
Issue |
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1055-1056 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3487 |
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Rendall, D. |
| Title |
Review of Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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105 |
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2 |
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178-182 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3998 |
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Koops, M.A.; Abrahams, M.V. |
| Title |
Assessing the Ideal Free Distribution: Do Guppies Use Aggression as Public Information about Patch Quality? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
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Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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105 |
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9 |
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737-746 |
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Aggression can be costly to foragers, yet some recent research suggests that foragers should use aggression as a cue to patch quality (the attractive aggression hypothesis). If aggression is predictive of patch quality, then the attractive aggression hypothesis predicts that the distribution of foragers should follow the distribution of aggression. If, instead, aggression is repulsive because it is costly, then the distribution of foragers should diverge from the distribution of aggression. We tested the attractive aggression hypothesis using female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and found that the distribution of foragers followed the distribution of food, but was unaffected by the distribution of aggression. These data do not support the attractive aggression hypothesis, but instead suggest that the distribution of aggression is a consequence of the distribution of foragers, and that aggression is not used as public information about patch quality. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4271 |
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Dunbar, R. I. M.; Bever, J. |
| Title |
Neocortex size predicts group size in carnivores and some insectivores |
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1998 |
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Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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108 |
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8 |
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695-708 |
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Neocortex size has been shown to correlate with group size in primates. Data for carnivores and insectivores are used to test the generality of this relationship. The data suggest that carnivores lie on the same grade as the primates, but that insectivores lie on a separate grade to the left of these two orders. Among the insectivores, there appears to be a distinction between the 'advanced' genera (which show a relationship between group size and neocortex size) and the 'basal' genera (which do not). |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4734 |
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