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Author Sherry, D.F.; Galef Jr, B.G.
Title Cultural transmission without imitation: Milk bottle opening by birds Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1984 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 937-938
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5611
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Author Sato, S.
Title Social licking pattern and its relationships to social dominance and live weight gain in weaned calves Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1984 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
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Abstract Social licking patterns of heifer and steer herds were observed and recorded during periods of resting and intermittent feeding. The results revealed the following features: (1) heifers and steers had 15.0 and 15.2 social licking interactions per hour which lasted for 37.8 and 41.0 s on average, respectively. The average time an animal spent licking was about 25 s per hour; (2) all the animals in the herds were licked by others, but only 72.3% of the animals licked other animals; (3) the animals close in the social hierarchy tended to lick each other for a longer time than did remote animals; (4) the time receiving l licking and weight gain tended to be positively correlated. The observations suggest that (1) the motivation of giving licking may be individual-specific and may be influenced by genetic factors, while that of receiving licking appears to be general, and that (2) social licking may mean not only cleaning the skin and hair of a passive partner, but also leading it to psychological stability.
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Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90093-5 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6407
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Author Laut, J.E.; Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R.
Title The effects of caloric dilution on meal patterns and food intake of ponies Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Physiology & behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.
Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 549-554
Keywords Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; Energy Intake; *Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis; Horses/*physiology; Male
Abstract In order to determine if horses will increase their intake in response to caloric dilution, four pony geldings were fed ad lib a mixed grain diet either undiluted (3.4 Mcal/kg of digestible energy) or diluted (wt/wt) with 25% sawdust (2.6 Mcal/kg) or with 50% sawdust (1.7 Mcal/kg). The mean daily caloric intake was 17,457 kcal (3.4 Mcal diet), 17,546 kcal (2.6 Mcal diet) and 12,844 kcal (1.7 Mcal). The mean time spent eating was 246 (3.4 Mcal), 351 (2.6 Mcal), and 408 (1.7 Mcal) minutes/day. Meal size increased and meal frequency decreased with increasing dilution. The median long survivorships of intermeal intervals were 6.4 min (3.4 Mcal), 3.95 min (2.6 Mcal) and 4.91 min (1.7 Mcal). Ponies responded to caloric dilution by increasing the volume of intake to maintain caloric intake when the diet had 25% diluent. When the diet was diluted by 50%, intake was increased, but not at a rate adequate to maintain caloric intake. However, the ponies were able to maintain body weight.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:4070429 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 52
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Author Chase, I.D.
Title The sequential analysis of aggressive acts during hierarchy formation: an application of the `jigsaw puzzle' approach Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 86-100
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Abstract The `jigsaw puzzle' approach is a general method for investigating how interactions among individuals cumulate to form the overall patterns of dominance behaviour in groups. Here, the model is used to discover how aggressive interactions between pairs of individuals modify subsequent interactions with bystanders or third parties. The model indicates that four sequences of successive, aggressive acts are possible in component triads of larger groups: two ensure transitive attack relationships and two can lead to either transitive or intransitive relationships. An application of the model to 14 groups of four hens demonstrates that the two sequences guaranteeing transitivity make up 77% of all sequences. More specifically, hens attacking one group member usually go on to attack a second member, and hens receiving one attack frequently receive a second attack from a bystander. In contrast, an attacked hen rarely `redirects' an attack to a bystander, and a bystander rarely attacks a group member who has just attacked another individual. The application of the jigsaw puzzle approach to aggressive sequences in other species is discussed. Data available for several primate species corroborate the findings in hens and provide support for the method as a general tool for investigating the proximate mechanisms of hierarchy formation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 856
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.; Houpt, K.A.
Title The ontogeny of flehmen in horses Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 739-745
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Abstract Flehmen behaviour in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) mares and foals living on pasture was observed during 807 h of focal sampling. A series of flehmens performed at one site was defined as a flehmen incident. Colts exhibited flehmen incidents and performed flehmen more frequently during an incident than did fillies or mares. Filies exhibited flehmen incidents more frequently than did mares, but did not flehmen more frequently during an incident. Colts exhibited a peak frequency of performing flehmen and of flehmen incidents during weeks 1-4 with a subsequent linear decrease in frequency up to weeks 17-20. Usually, flehmen occurred without the subject having had direct contact of the nostrils, lips, or tongue with a possible stimulant. Twenty-six per cent of the flehmen incidents occurred during or after urination by another pony. Seven per cent of the incidents occurred during or after urination by the pony showing flehmen.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2261
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Author Inglis, I.
Title H.L. Roitblat, T.G. Bever and H.S. Terrace, Editors, Animal Cognition, Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey (1984), p. 682 Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 344-345
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2924
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Author Poling, A.; Thomas, J.; Hall-Johnson, E.; Picker, M.
Title Self-control revisited: Some factors that affect autoshaped responding Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.
Volume 10 Issue 1-2 Pages 77-85
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Abstract Pigeons were exposed to autoshaping procedures under which 50% of red key illuminations were followed by 9-sec food deliveries, and 50% of blue key illuminations were followed by 3-sec food deliveries. When all key illuminations were 6 sec, pigeons preferred the red stimulus. Subsequent manipulations demonstrated that preference could be shifted to the blue stimulus by either increasing the duration of the red stimulus or imposing a delay interval between the offset of that stimulus and food delivery. A final experiment demonstrated that, in two of three subjects, preference for key illuminations associated with longer, but delayed, food deliveries generally increased as the duration of all key illuminations was lengthened. These results, obtained under conditions where keypecking had no programmed consequences, are similar to those previously observed under procedures involving a positive response-food dependency.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3606
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Author Perusse, D.; Lefebvre, L.
Title Grouped sequential exploitation of food patches in a flock feeder, the feral pigeon Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.
Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 39-52
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Abstract Feral and laboratory flocks of rock doves ( ) show a pattern of grouped sequential exploitation when simultaneously presented with two dispersed, depleting patches of seed. This behavior contrasts with the ideal free distribution pattern shown when patches are small and concentrated. Grouped sequential exploitation consists of two phases: all pigeons first land together and feed at one patch, then leave one by one for the other patch. Departure times of individuals for the second patch are correlated with feeding rate at patch 1, which is in turn correlated with position in the dominance hierarchy. The decision to switch from patch 1 to patch 2 improves individual feeding rates in all cases, but is done slightly later than it should according to optimal foraging theory.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4227
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Author Keiper, R.R.; Sambraus, H.H.
Title The stability of equine dominance hierarchies and the effects of kinship, proximity and foaling status on hierarchy rank Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1986 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 121-130
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Abstract Dominance hierarchies were determined in four bands of feral horses living on Assateague Island. The bands varied in size from 10 to 16 horses, and consisted of one stallion, several mares and their offspring. The animals ranged in age from less than 1 to over 18 years. Field observation of all social interactions during the summer of 1981 was used to determine dominance. 1981 hierarchies for three of the bands were compared with hierarchies determined for the same bands in 1978, and showed that hierarchies change over time. Age was significantly correlated with rank. Mares with foals did not rank any higher in the hierarchies than mares without foals. Kinship did not appear to have an effect on dominance rank either, since neither juvenile nor adult offspring ranks correlated with the ranks of their mothers. The band stallion was not the highest-ranking animal of any band, but the location of the stallion peripheral to the main body of the band, the nature of his interactions with band members, and his length of residence in the band may have contributed to his low rank.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 683
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Author Eccles, T.R.; Shackleton, D.M.
Title Correlates and consequences of social status in female bighorn sheep Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1986 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 1392-1401
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Abstract Dominance-subordinance relationships among a captive group of adule bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) were studied from May 1977 to December 1978. Social interactions between females were brief in duration and infrequent. Although a dominance hierarchy was evident among the females, it was not linear. Horn length and body weight were not consistently correlated with social status. The highest ranking females were the most aggressive individuals, initiating more agonistic interactions than subordinates. Females with high social status did not have higher quality diets, lower activity costs, or higher productivity than low ranking females.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 753
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