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Author Brodbeck, D.R. openurl 
  Title Picture fragment completion: priming in the pigeon Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 461-468  
  Keywords Animals; *Attention; *Awareness; Columbidae; *Mental Recall; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Perceptual Masking; Problem Solving  
  Abstract It has been suggested that the system behind implicit memory in humans is evolutionarily old and that animals should readily show priming. In Experiment 1, a picture fragment completion test was used to test priming in pigeons. After pecking a warning stimulus, pigeons were shown 2 partially obscured pictures from different categories and were always reinforced for choosing a picture from one of the categories. On control trials, the warning stimulus was a picture of some object (not from the S+ or S- category), on study trials the warning stimulus was a picture to be categorized on the next trial, and on test trials the warning stimulus was a randomly chosen picture and the S+ picture was the warning stimulus seen on the previous trial. Categorization was better on study and test trials than on control trials. Experiment 2 ruled out the possibility that the priming effect was caused by the pigeons' responding to familiarity by using warning stimuli from both S+ and S- categories. Experiment 3 investigated the time course of the priming effect.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. brodbeck@thunderbird.auc.laurentian.ca  
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  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9411019 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2777  
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Author Church, R.M. openurl 
  Title Quantitative models of animal learning and cognition Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 379-389  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Computer Simulation; *Learning; *Models, Psychological; *Models, Theoretical  
  Abstract This article reviews the prerequisites for quantitative models of animal learning and cognition, describes the types of models, provides a rationale for the development of such quantitative models, describes criteria for their evaluation, and makes recommendations for the next generation of quantitative models. A modular approach to the development of models is described in which a procedure is considered as a generator of stimuli and a model is considered as a generator of responses. The goal is to develop models that, in combination with many different procedures, produce sequences of times of occurrence of events (stimuli and responses) that are indistinguishable from those produced by the animal under many experimental procedures and data analysis techniques.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. russell_church@brown.edu  
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  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9335132 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2778  
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Author Wasserman, E.A. openurl 
  Title The science of animal cognition: past, present, and future Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 123-135  
  Keywords Animal Communication; Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Sciences/*trends; *Cognition; Evolution; Forecasting; Humans; Intelligence  
  Abstract The field of animal cognition is strongly rooted in the philosophy of mind and in the theory of evolution. Despite these strong roots, work during the most famous and active period in the history of our science-the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s-may have diverted us from the very questions that were of greatest initial interest to the comparative analysis of learning and behavior. Subsequently, the field has been in steady decline despite its increasing breadth and sophistication. Renewal of the field of animal cognition may require a return to the original questions of animal communication and intelligence using the most advanced tools of modern psychological science. Reclaiming center stage in contemporary psychology will be difficult; planning that effort with a host of strategies should enhance the chances of success.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1407, USA. ed-wasserman@uiowa.edu  
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  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9095537 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2779  
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Author Anderson JR; Gallup GG openurl 
  Title Self-recognition in Saguinus? A critical essay Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 54 Issue Pages 1563  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2978  
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Author Bugnyar T; Huber L openurl 
  Title Push or pull: an experimental study on imitation in marmosets Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 54 Issue Pages 817  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2984  
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Author Hauser MD; Kralik J openurl 
  Title Life beyond the mirror: a reply to Anderson & Gallup Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 54 Issue Pages 1568  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3002  
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Author Povinelli DJ; Gallup GG; Eddy TJ; Bierschwale DT; Engstrom MC openurl 
  Title Chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 53 Issue Pages 1083  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3029  
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Author Flannery, B. url  doi
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  Title Relational discrimination learning in horses Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 267-280  
  Keywords Horses; Shaping; Complex discrimination; Concept formation; Generalization ability; Training  
  Abstract This series of studies investigated horses' ability to learn the concept of sameness under several different conditions. Before experimentation began, three horses were shaped to touch individually presented stimuli with their muzzles, and then to make two responses to two matching cards from an array of three. A modified version of the identity matching-to-sample (IMTS) procedure was used to present stimuli in a variety of configural arrangements on a barn wall (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2), and on a flat panel mounted to a barn door (Experiment 3). The task in each experiment was to select the two stimulus cards that were the same (either circles or Xs) and to avoid the nonmatching stimulus card (either a star or a square). In Experiment 1, the mean accuracy rate for selecting the matching alternatives was 74%. The horses' accuracy levels reached a mean level of 83% during Experiment 2, in which they received additional trials and an intermittent secondary reinforcement schedule. In Experiment 3, when the stimuli were moved further apart from each other within arrangements and were presented on a novel background, the mean accuracy rate was 73%. These data demonstrate that horses can learn complex discrimination problems involving the concept of sameness, and that they are able to generalize this learning to a novel stimulus presentation situation. These results also suggest that a relational discrimination test may be useful for assessing horses' learning ability and the level of training appropriate for individual horses.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3557  
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Author Rundgren, M.; Nordin, A. openurl 
  Title Personality profile and simple learning tests for horses Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal Production Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-4  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Vienna Editor  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3598  
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Author Lefebvre, L.; Whittle, P.; Lascaris, E.; Finkelstein, A. url  doi
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  Title Feeding innovations and forebrain size in birds Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 53 Issue 3 Pages 549-560  
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  Abstract The links between ecology, behavioural plasticity and brain size are often tested via the comparative method. Given the problems in interpretating comparative tests of learning and cognition, however, alternative measures of plasticity need to be developed. From the short notes section of nine ornithological journals, two separate, exhaustive data sets have been collated on opportunistic foraging innovations in birds of North America (1973-1993;N=196) and the British Isles (1983-1993;N=126). Both the absolute and relative frequencies (corrected for species number per order) of innovations differ between bird orders in a similar fashion in the two geographical zones. Absolute and relative frequency of innovations per order are also related to two measures of relative forebrain size in the two zones. The study confirms predicted trends linking opportunism, brain size and rate of structural evolution. It also suggests that innovation rate in the field may be a useful measure of behavioural plasticity.  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4740  
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