| Records |
| Author |
Bergmüller, R.; Taborsky, M. |
| Title |
Animal personality due to social niche specialisation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2010 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
504-511 |
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| Abstract |
The existence of 'animal personality', i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, is an evolutionary puzzle that has recently generated considerable research interest. Although social factors are generally considered to be important, it is as yet unclear how they might select for personality. Drawing from ecological niche theory, we explore how social conflict and alternative social options can be key factors in the evolution and development of consistent individual differences in behaviour. We discuss how animal personality research might benefit from insights into the study of alternative tactics and illustrate how selection can favour behavioural diversification and consistency due to fitness benefits resulting from conflict reduction among social partners. |
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| ISSN |
0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6646 |
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| Author |
Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Sighieri, C.; Reddon, A.R. |
| Title |
Detour behaviour in horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethol. |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
227-234 |
| Keywords |
Detour behaviour; Equus caballus; Horses; Lateralization; Spatial reasoning |
| Abstract |
The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of horses (Equus caballus) to detour around symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. Ten female Italian saddle horses were each used in three detour tasks. In the first task, the ability to detour around a symmetrical obstacle was evaluated; in the second and third tasks subjects were required to perform a detour around an asymmetrical obstacle with two different degrees of asymmetry. The direction chosen to move around the obstacle and time required to make the detour were recorded. The results suggest that horses have the spatial abilities required to perform detour tasks with both symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. The strategy used to perform the task varied between subjects. For five horses, lateralized behaviour was observed when detouring the obstacle; this was consistently in one direction (three on the left and two on the right). For these horses, no evidence of spatial learning or reasoning was found. The other five horses did not solve this task in a lateralized manner, and a trend towards decreasing lateralization was observed as asymmetry, and hence task difficulty, increased. These non-lateralized horses may have higher spatial reasoning abilities. |
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Springer Japan |
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English |
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0289-0771 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5686 |
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| Author |
Bartal, I.B.-A.; Decety, J.; Mason, P. |
| Title |
Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
334 |
Issue |
6061 |
Pages |
1427-1430 |
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| Abstract |
Whereas human pro-social behavior is often driven by empathic concern for another, it is unclear whether nonprimate mammals experience a similar motivational state. To test for empathically motivated pro-social behavior in rodents, we placed a free rat in an arena with a cagemate trapped in a restrainer. After several sessions, the free rat learned to intentionally and quickly open the restrainer and free the cagemate. Rats did not open empty or object-containing restrainers. They freed cagemates even when social contact was prevented. When liberating a cagemate was pitted against chocolate contained within a second restrainer, rats opened both restrainers and typically shared the chocolate. Thus, rats behave pro-socially in response to a conspecific�s distress, providing strong evidence for biological roots of empathically motivated helping behavior. |
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10.1126/science.1210789 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5725 |
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| Author |
Sheriff, M.J.; Dantzer, B.; Delehanty, B.; Palme, R.; Boonstra, R. |
| Title |
Measuring stress in wildlife: techniques for quantifying glucocorticoids |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
166 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
869-887 |
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| Abstract |
Stress responses play a key role in allowing animals to cope with change and challenge in the face of both environmental certainty and uncertainty. Measurement of glucocorticoid levels, key elements in the neuroendocrine stress axis, can give insight into an animal’s well-being and can aid understanding ecological and evolutionary processes as well as conservation and management issues. We give an overview of the four main biological samples that have been utilized [blood, saliva, excreta (feces and urine), and integumentary structures (hair and feathers)], their advantages and disadvantages for use with wildlife, and some of the background and pitfalls that users must consider in interpreting their results. The matrix of choice will depend on the nature of the study and of the species, on whether one is examining the impact of acute versus chronic stressors, and on the degree of invasiveness that is possible or desirable. In some cases, more than one matrix can be measured to achieve the same ends. All require a significant degree of expertise, sometimes in obtaining the sample and always in extracting and analyzing the glucocorticoid or its metabolites. Glucocorticoid measurement is proving to be a powerful integrator of environmental stressors and of an animal’s condition. |
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1432-1939 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sheriff2011 |
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6150 |
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| Author |
Baragli, P.; Paoletti, E.; Vitale, V.; Sighieri, C. |
| Title |
Looking in the correct location for a hidden object: brief note about the memory of donkeys (Equus asinus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
187-192 |
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In recent years, considerable literature has been published on cognition in horses; however, much less is known about the cognitive abilities of domestic donkey (Equus asinus). This study aimed to expand our knowledge of donkey cognition by assessing their short-term memory capacity. We employed a detour problem combined with the classic delayed-response task, which has been extensively used to compare working memory duration in a variety of different species. A two-point choice apparatus was used to investigate location recall and search behaviour for a food target, after a short delay following its disappearance. Four donkeys completed the task with a 10 sec delay, while four others were tested with a 30 sec delay. Overall, each group performed above chance level on the test, showing that subjects had successfully encoded, maintained, and retrieved the existence and location of the target despite the loss of visual contact. |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0394-9370 |
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doi: 10.1080/03949370.2011.554885 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6177 |
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| Author |
Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Mengoli, M.; Sighieri, C. |
| Title |
Encoding the Object Position for Assessment of Short Term Spatial Memory in Horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
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24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
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In this study, the detour problem was combined with the classic delayed-response task to investigate equine short-term spatial memory. Test subjects were eight female horses, divided into two groups (A and B) of four subjects each. The motivating object was made to move and disappear behind one oftwo identical obstacles in a two-point-choice apparatus. After a 10 s (Group A) or 30 s (Group B) delay the animal was released to seek the object. Both groups made more correct (14.8 ± 1.3 forGroup A and 13.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) than incorrect choices (5.3 ± 1.3 for Group A and6.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) and the performance of each group was significantly above chance level (z = 4.14, p = 0.000, for Group A and z = 3.02, p = 0.002, for Group B). Therefore, tested animals were able to recover the object by approaching the correct obstacle after 10 s or 30 s delays, showing that they had encoded and recovered from memory the existence of the target object and its location. |
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2168-3344 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6178 |
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Hampson, B.A.; Zabek, M.A.; Pollitt, C.C.; Nock, B. |
| Title |
Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Rangel. J. |
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| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
173-180 |
| Keywords |
equine, GPS, movement, range. |
| Abstract |
Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight.The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6210 |
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Van Schaik, C.P.; Burkart, J.M. |
| Title |
Social learning and evolution: the cultural intelligence hypothesis |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Philos Trans R Soc B |
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366 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Schaik2011 |
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6227 |
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Van Horik, J.; Emery, N. |
| Title |
Evolution of cognition |
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2011 |
Publication |
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci |
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2 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Horik2011 |
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6230 |
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van de Waal, E.; Bshary, R. |
| Title |
Social-learning abilities of wild vervet monkeys in a two-step task artificial fruit experiment |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Anim Behav |
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81 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ van de Waal2011 |
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6262 |
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