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| Author | Hattori, Y.; Kuroshima, H.; Fujita, K. | ||||
| Title | I know you are not looking at me: capuchin monkeys` ? (Cebus apella) sensitivity to human attentional states | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year  |
2007 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 141-148 |
| Keywords | Capuchin monkeys – Attentional state – Gaze – Social cognition | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract The present study asked whether capuchin monkeys recognize human attentional states. The monkeys requested food from the experimenter by extending an arm (pointing) toward the baited one of two transparent cups. On regular trials the experimenter gave the food immediately to the monkeys upon pointing but on randomly inserted test trials she ignored the pointing for 5 s during which she displayed different attentional states. The monkeys looked at the experimenter's face longer when she looked at the monkeys than when she looked at the ceiling in Experiment 1, and longer when she oriented her head midway between the two cups with eyes open than when she did so with eyes closed in Experiment 2. However, the monkeys showed no differential pointing in these conditions. These results suggest that capuchins are sensitive to eye direction but this sensitivity does not lead to differential pointing trained in laboratory experiments. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first firm behavioral evidence that non-human primates attend to the subtle states of eyes in a food requesting task. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4219 | ||
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| Author | Holekamp, K.E.; Sakai, S.T.; Lundrigan, B.L. | ||||
| Title | Social intelligence in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2007 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
| Volume | 362 | Issue | 1480 | Pages | 523-538 |
| Keywords | Anatomy, Comparative; Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Cercopithecinae/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Decision Making/physiology; Hyaenidae/anatomy & histology/*physiology; *Intelligence; *Recognition (Psychology); *Social Behavior; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | If the large brains and great intelligence characteristic of primates were favoured by selection pressures associated with life in complex societies, then cognitive abilities and nervous systems with primate-like attributes should have evolved convergently in non-primate mammals living in large, elaborate societies in which social dexterity enhances individual fitness. The societies of spotted hyenas are remarkably like those of cercopithecine primates with respect to size, structure and patterns of competition and cooperation. These similarities set an ideal stage for comparative analysis of social intelligence and nervous system organization. As in cercopithecine primates, spotted hyenas use multiple sensory modalities to recognize their kin and other conspecifics as individuals, they recognize third-party kin and rank relationships among their clan mates, and they use this knowledge adaptively during social decision making. However, hyenas appear to rely more intensively than primates on social facilitation and simple rules of thumb in social decision making. No evidence to date suggests that hyenas are capable of true imitation. Finally, it appears that the gross anatomy of the brain in spotted hyenas might resemble that in primates with respect to expansion of frontal cortex, presumed to be involved in the mediation of social behaviour. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. holekamp@msu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0962-8436 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17289649 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4719 | ||
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| Author | Scordato, E.S.; Drea, C.M. | ||||
| Title | Scents and sensibility: information content of olfactory signals in the ringtailed lemur, Lemur catta | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2007 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 301-314 |
| Keywords | chemical communication; female dominance; individual recognition; intrasexual competition; Lemur catta; mate choice; reproductive signalling; ringtailed lemur; scent marking; seasonality | ||||
| Abstract | The function of olfactory signalling in social species is less well understood than in asocial species. Consequently, we examined olfactory communication in the ringtailed lemur, a socially complex primate that retains a functional vomeronasal organ, has well-developed scent glands and shows a suite of scent-marking behaviour. To assess the information content of different types of scent gland secretions, we decoupled olfactory cues from the visual and behavioural modalities with which scent marking is normally associated. We presented male and female subjects (signal receivers) with a series of choice tests between odours derived from conspecific donors (signal senders) varying by sex, age, social status and reproductive condition. We additionally examined the influence of the receivers' reproductive state and familiarity with the signaller. The reproductive condition, social status and familiarity of senders and receivers affected signal transmission; specifically, male receivers attended most to the odours of conspecifics in breeding condition and to the odours of familiar, dominant animals. By contrast, females varied their responses according to both their own reproductive state and that of the sender. Based on male and female patterns of countermarking, we suggest that scent marking serves a function in intergroup spacing and intrasexual competition for both sexes, as might be expected in a female-dominant species. By contrast, minimal female interest in male odours counters a female mate choice function for scent marking in this species. Nevertheless, scent marks are critical to male-male competition and, therefore, may be subject to sexual selection. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4648 | ||
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| Author | Dreier, S.; van Zweden, J.S.; D'Ettorre, P. | ||||
| Title | Long-term memory of individual identity in ant queens | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2007 | Publication | Biology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Biol Lett |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 459-462 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Ants/*physiology; Conditioning, Operant; Evolution; Female; *Memory; *Recognition (Psychology); Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Remembering individual identities is part of our own everyday social life. Surprisingly, this ability has recently been shown in two social insects. While paper wasps recognize each other individually through their facial markings, the ant, Pachycondyla villosa, uses chemical cues. In both species, individual recognition is adaptive since it facilitates the maintenance of stable dominance hierarchies among individuals, and thus reduces the cost of conflict within these small societies. Here, we investigated individual recognition in Pachycondyla ants by quantifying the level of aggression between pairs of familiar or unfamiliar queens over time. We show that unrelated founding queens of P. villosa and Pachycondyla inversa store information on the individual identity of other queens and can retrieve it from memory after 24h of separation. Thus, we have documented for the first time that long-term memory of individual identity is present and functional in ants. This novel finding represents an advance in our understanding of the mechanism determining the evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Biology, Department of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. sdreier@bi.ku.dk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1744-9561 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17594958 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4649 | ||
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| Author | Sovrano, V.; Bisazza, A. | ||||
| Title | Recognition of partly occluded objects by fish | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1435-9448 |
| Keywords | Visual completion – Amodal completion – Occlusion – Visual recognition – Fish | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract The ability to visually complete partly occluded objects (so-called `“amodal completion”) has been documented in mammals and birds. Here, we report the first evidence of such a perceptual ability in a fish species. Fish (Xenotoca eiseni) were trained to discriminate between a complete and an amputated disk. Thereafter, the fish performed test trials in which hexagonal polygons were either exactly juxtaposed or only placed close to the missing sectors of the disk in order to produce or not produce the impression (to a human observer) of an occlusion of the missing sectors of the disk by the polygon. In another experiment, fish were first trained to discriminate between hexagonal polygons that were either exactly juxtaposed or only placed close to the missing sectors of a disk, and then tested for choice between a complete and an amputated disk. In both experiments, fish behaved as if they were experiencing visual completion of the partly occluded stimuli. These findings suggest that the ability to visually complete partly occluded objects may be widespread among vertebrates, possibly inherited in mammals, birds and fish from early vertebrate ancestors. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4217 | ||
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| Author | Bräuer, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Chimpanzees do not take into account what others can hear in a competitive situation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1435-9448 |
| Keywords | Social cognition – Food competition – Perspective taking | ||||
| Abstract | Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) know what others can and cannot see in a competitive situation. Does this reflect a general understanding the perceptions of others` In a study by Hare et al. (2000) pairs of chimpanzees competed over two pieces of food. Subordinate individuals preferred to approach food that was behind a barrier that the dominant could not see, suggesting that chimpanzees can take the visual perspective of others. We extended this paradigm to the auditory modality to investigate whether chimpanzees are sensitive to whether a competitor can hear food rewards being hidden. Results suggested that the chimpanzees did not take what the competitor had heard into account, despite being able to locate the hiding place themselves by the noise. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 4218 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K.; Heinze, J. | ||||
| Title | Horse sense: social status of horses (Equus caballus) affects their likelihood of copying other horses` behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 431-439 |
| Keywords | copying, horse, social cognition, sociality | ||||
| Abstract | Animals that live in stable social groups need to gather information on their own relative position in the group`s social hierarchy, either by directly threatening or challenging others, or in a less costly manner, by observing interactions among others. Such indirect inference of dominance relationships has previously been reported from primates, rats, and birds and fish. Here, we show that domestic horses, Equus caballus, are similarly capable of social cognition. Taking advantage of a specific “following behavior” that horses show towards humans in a riding arena, we investigated whether bystander horses adjust their response to an experimenter according to the observed interaction and their own dominance relationship with the horse whose reaction to the experimenter they had observed before. Horses copied the following behavior towards an experimenter after watching a dominant horse following, but did not follow after observing a subordinate horse or a horse from another social group doing so. The following behavior which horses show towards an experimenter therefore appears to be affected by the demonstrator`s behavior and social status relative to the observer. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4324 | ||
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| Author | Bates, L.A.; Sayialel, K.N.; Njiraini, N.W.; Poole, J.H.; Moss, C.J.; Byrne, R.W. | ||||
| Title | African elephants have expectations about the locations of out-of-sight family members | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2008 | Publication | Biology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Biol Lett |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 34-36 |
| Keywords | elephants, olfaction, urine, individual recognition | ||||
| Abstract | Monitoring the location of conspecifics may be important to social mammals. Here, we use an expectancy-violation paradigm to test the ability of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) to keep track of their social companions from olfactory cues. We presented elephants with samples of earth mixed with urine from female conspecifics that were either kin or unrelated to them, and either unexpected or highly predictable at that location. From behavioural measurements of the elephants' reactions, we show that African elephants can recognize up to 17 females and possibly up to 30 family members from cues present in the urine-earth mix, and that they keep track of the location of these individuals in relation to themselves. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4332 | ||
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| Author | Proops, L.; McComb, K.; Reby, D. | ||||
| Title | Cross-modal individual vocal recognition in the domestic horse | Type | Conference Article | ||
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2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | social cognition, animal-human interaction, horses, attention | ||||
| Abstract | Horses fulfill many of the criteria for a species in which it would be adaptive to be capable of individual recognition: they are highly social, form strong and long lasting bonds, their affiliations are rarely kin based, they have a fission-fusion social structure and they possess inter and intra-group dominance hierarchies. We used a novel cross-modal, expectancy violation paradigm to provide the first systematic evidence that a non-human animal – the domestic horse- is capable of cross modal recognition. We believe this paradigm could provide an ideal way to study individual recognition across a wide range of species. For full published details see: Proops L, McComb K, Reby D (2009) Cross-modal individual recognition in domestic horses (Equus caballus). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 947-951. |
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| Address | Centre for Mammal Vocal Communication Research, Psychology department, | ||||
| Corporate Author | Proops, L | Thesis | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | IESM 2008 | ||
| Notes | Talk 15 min IESM 2008 | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4469 | ||
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| Author | Proops, L.; McComb, K.; Reby, D. | ||||
| Title | Horse-human interactions: Attention attribution and the use of human cues by domestic horses (Equus caballus). | Type | Conference Article | ||
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2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Keywords | social cognition; animal-human interaction; horses; attention | ||||
| Abstract | Recent research has shown that domestic dogs are particularly good at reading human attentional cues, often outperforming chimpanzees and hand reared wolves [1, 2]. It has been suggested that the close evolutionary relationship between humans and dogs has led to the development of this ability, however very few other species have been studied [3]. We tested the ability of 24 domestic horses to discriminate between an attentive and inattentive person when choosing whom to approach for food. While the attentive person faced forwards, the inattentive person either stood with their body turned 180° away from the subject (body orientation condition), stood with their body facing forwards but their head facing away (head orientation condition) or stood facing forwards but with their eyes closed (eyes closed condition). A fourth, mixed condition was included where the attentive person stood with their body facing away from the subjects but their head turned towards the subject while the inattentive person stood with their body facing the subject but their head turned away. Horses chose the attentive person significantly more often using the body cue (n = 24, k = 19, p = 0.003), the head cue (n = 24, k = 18, p = 0.011), and the eye cue (n = 24, k = 19, p = 0.003) but not the mixed cue (n = 24, k = 13, p = 0.42). In an additional pilot study, horses were tested in an object choice task. A human experimenter cued one of two buckets by either tapping the bucket (tap condition), orienting their body towards the bucket and pointing (body and point condition), pointing while facing forwards (point condition) or orienting their body towards the bucket (body condition). If the subjects chose the correct bucket they were rewarded. Subjects were able to use the tap cue (n = 31, k = 21, p = 0.035), body + point cue (n= 31, k = 21, p = 0.035) and the point cue (n = 30, k = 21, p = 0.021) but not the body cue (n = 31, k = 11, p = 0.076). These results taken together suggest that domestic horses are also very sensitive to human attentional cues, including gaze. Keywords: social cognition, animal-human interaction, horses, attention attribution, domestication 1. Hare, B., Brown, M., Williamson, C., and Tomasello, M. (2002). The domestication of social cognition in dogs. Science 298, 1634-1636. 2. Gacsi, M., Miklosi, A., Varga, O., Topal, J., and Csanyi, V. (2004). Are readers of our face readers of our minds` Dogs (Canis familiaris) show situation-dependent recognition of human’s attention. Animal Cognition 7, 144-153. 3. Hare, B., and Tomasello, M. (2005). Human-like social skills in dogs? Trends Cogn. Sci. 9, 439-444. |
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| Corporate Author | Proops, L. | Thesis | |||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | IESM 2008 | ||
| Notes | Poster IESM 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4502 | ||
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