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Liberg, O.; Chapron, G.; Wabakken, P.; Pedersen, H.C.; Hobbs, N.T.; Sand, H. |
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Title |
Shoot, shovel and shut up: cryptic poaching slows restoration of a large carnivore in Europe |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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Proc Biol Sci |
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Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B |
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279 |
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1730 |
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910-915 |
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Poaching is a widespread and well-appreciated problem for the conservation of many threatened species. Because poaching is illegal, there is strong incentive for poachers to conceal their activities, and consequently, little data on the effects of poaching on population dynamics are available. Quantifying poaching mortality should be a required knowledge when developing conservation plans for endangered species but is hampered by methodological challenges. We show that rigorous estimates of the effects of poaching relative to other sources of mortality can be obtained with a hierarchical state-space model combined with multiple sources of data. Using the Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population as an illustrative example, we show that poaching accounted for approximately half of total mortality and more than two-thirds of total poaching remained undetected by conventional methods, a source of mortality we term as 'cryptic poaching'. Our simulations suggest that without poaching during the past decade, the population would have been almost four times as large in 2009. Such a severe impact of poaching on population recovery may be widespread among large carnivores. We believe that conservation strategies for large carnivores considering only observed data may not be adequate and should be revised by including and quantifying cryptic poaching. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6380 |
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Author |
Sabou, M.; Bontcheva, K.; Scharl, A. |
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Title |
Crowdsourcing Research Opportunities: Lessons from Natural Language Processing |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies |
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1-18 |
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crowdsourcing, games with a purpose, natural language processing, resource acquisition |
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Acm |
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New York, NY, USA |
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i-KNOW '12 |
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978-1-4503-1242-4 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sabou:2012:CRO:2362456.2362479 |
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6436 |
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Ripple, W.J.; Beschta, R.L. |
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Title |
Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15 years after wolf reintroduction |
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2012 |
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Biol Conserv |
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145 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ripple2012 |
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6452 |
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Blanco, J.C.; Yolanda, C. |
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Surveying wolves without snow: a critical review of the methods used in Spain. Hystrix |
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2012 |
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Ital J Mammal |
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23 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blanco2012 |
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6460 |
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Passilongo, D.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Gazzola, A.; Zaccaroni, M.; Apollonio, M. |
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Title |
Wolf counting and individual acoustic discrimination by spectrographic analysis [Abstract] |
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Year |
2012 |
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Bioacoustics |
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21 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2012 |
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6467 |
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Zaccaroni, M.; Passilongo, D.; Buccianti, A.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Facchini, C.; Gazzola, A. |
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Title |
Group specific vocal signature in free- ranging wolf packs |
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2012 |
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Ethol Ecol Evol |
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24 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zaccaroni2012 |
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6470 |
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Author |
Galaverni, M.; Palumbo, D.; Fabbri, E.; Caniglia, R.; Greco, C.; Randi, E. |
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Title |
Monitoring wolves (Canis lupus) by non-invasive genetics and camera trapping: A small-scale pilot study |
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2012 |
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Eur J Wildl Res |
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58 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Galaverni2012 |
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6479 |
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Author |
Thornton Alex; Lukas Dieter |
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Title |
Individual variation in cognitive performance: developmental and evolutionary perspectives |
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2012 |
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
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367 |
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1603 |
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2773-2783 |
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Royal Society |
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doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0214 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6555 |
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Author |
Lesimple, C.; Sankey, C.; Richard, M.-A.; HAUSBERGER, M. |
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Title |
Do Horses Expect Humans to Solve Their Problems? |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Psychology |
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Front. Psychol. |
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3 |
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306 |
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Abstract |
Domestic animals are highly capable of detecting human cues, while wild relatives tend to perform less well (e.g. responding to pointing gestures). It is suggested that domestication may have led to the development of such cognitive skills. Here, we hypothesized that because domestic animals are so attentive and dependant to humans' actions for resources, the counter effect may be a decline of self sufficiency, such as individual task solving. Here we show a negative correlation between the performance in a learning task (opening a chest) and the interest shown by horses towards humans, despite high motivation expressed by investigative behaviours directed at the chest. If human-directed attention reflects the development of particular skills in domestic animals, this is to our knowledge the first study highlighting a link between human-directed behaviours and impaired individual solving task skills (ability to solve a task by themselves) in horses. |
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1664-1078 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6568 |
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Author |
Werhahn, H.; Hessel, E.F.; Van den Weghe, H.F.A. |
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Title |
Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (II): Effects of Free Exercise on the Behavior in the Stable, the Behavior during Training, and the Degree of Stress |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22-31 |
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Horse; Turnout; Single stall; Behavior; Hrv |
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Abstract |
Although housing horses in single stalls limits their natural behavior to a great extent, this housing system is widespread in Germany, especially for competition horses. To improve the welfare of this system, free exercise on pastures or paddocks is deemed suitable, but it is also feared because of injuries and decreased willingness or motivation to perform. In the present study, three treatments were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses in the stable, behavior during training, and on their degree of stress: daily training without free exercise (no turnout [NT]), solitary turnout for 2 hours after training, and 2-hour turnout in groups of two after training (group turnout). The horses' behavior in the stable was continuously analyzed through video recordings (2 pm to 6 am) on 3 days at the end of each treatment. The degree of stress was evaluated daily by heart rate variability at rest. The behavior during training was evaluated by a questionnaire answered by the riders, and the distance covered during training was measured by global positioning system. When NT was allowed, the horses showed less lying in the stable compared with the treatments with turnout. Heart rate variability measurements resulted in great individual differences, but generally, there was a higher degree of stress shown with the treatment NT according to the following parameters: standard deviation of inter-beat-intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between successive inter-beat-intervals (RMSSD), and ratio between low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF). The willingness to perform was evaluated as being slightly better in the treatments with turnout than in the treatment without turnout. |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6626 |
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