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Author |
Judge, P.G.; de Waal, F.B.; Paul, K.S.; Gordon, T.P. |
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Title |
Removal of a trauma-inflicting alpha matriline from a group of rhesus macaques to control severe wounding |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
1994 |
Publication |
Laboratory animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lab Anim Sci |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
344-350 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Female; *Macaca mulatta; Male; *Monkey Diseases; *Social Dominance; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/prevention & control/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
Wounding in an 83-member group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center Field Station became excessive to the point that intervention was deemed necessary. When observations indicated that three females from the group's alpha matriline were principally responsible for the wounding, the matriline (N = 7) was removed from the group. This study was conducted to document an atypical pattern of wounding in this group and to evaluate the effectiveness of removal as a procedure for controlling injuries. The aggression rates of 21 adult subjects and the wounds of all group members were recorded before and after the removal procedure and compared with those in a similar-sized group. Removing the alpha matriline did not alter aggression rates in the group or the rank order among the remaining matrilines. Aggression rates in the experimental group were also not significantly different from those in the comparison group before or after the removal. With the alpha matriline present, wounding levels in the group were significantly higher than those in the comparison group. After removal of the matriline, the frequency of wounds decreased significantly to levels similar to those of the comparison group. The pattern of excess wounding attributed to the extracted alpha females was idiosyncratic, involving removal of large patches of skin from the hindquarters of adult females or removal of the distal portion of the fingers, toes, or tail from juveniles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329 |
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0023-6764 |
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PMID:7983846 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
207 |
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Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Sherburne, L.M. |
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Title |
Role of differential sample responding in the differential outcomes effect involving delayed matching by pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
390-401 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; *Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Feeding Behavior; Task Performance and Analysis |
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Abstract |
The role of differential sample responding in the differential outcomes effect was examined. In Experiment 1, we trained pigeons on a one-to-many matching task with differential sample responding required. Differential outcomes were associated with samples and comparisons, with comparisons only, or with neither samples nor comparisons. Slopes of delay functions for trials with pecked versus nonpecked samples suggested use of a single-code-default strategy in the nondifferential-outcomes group but not in the differential-outcomes groups. In Experiment 2, differential sample responding and differential outcomes were manipulated independently. Again, there were significant differences in the relative slopes of the delay functions. Results suggest that differential outcomes exert their effect independently of differential sample responding. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:7964521 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
257 |
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Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Sherburne, L.M. |
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Title |
Transfer of value from S+ to S- in a simultaneous discrimination |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
176-183 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Motivation; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; *Reinforcement Schedule; *Transfer (Psychology) |
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Abstract |
Value transfer theory has been proposed to account for transitive inference effects (L. V. Fersen, C. D. L. Wynne, J. D. Delius, & J. E. R. Staddon, 1991), in which following training on 4 simultaneous discriminations (A+B-, B+C-, C+D-, D+E-) pigeons show a preference for B over D. According to this theory, some of the value of reinforcement acquired by each S+ transfers to the S-. In the transitive inference experiment, C (associated with both reward and nonreward) can transfer less value to D than A (associated only with reward) can transfer to B. Support for value transfer theory was demonstrated in 2 experiments in which an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were always reinforced (S+) was preferred over an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were sometimes reinforced (S +/-). |
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Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:8189186 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
258 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A.; Wilson, D.S. |
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Title |
Choice experiments and cognition: a reply to Lamprecht & Hofer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1459-1461 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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479 |
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Author |
McLeod, P.G.; Huntingford, F.A. |
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Title |
Social rank and predator inspection in sticklebacks |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1238-1240 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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525 |
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Author |
Avital, E.; Jablonka, E. |
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Title |
Social learning and the evolution of behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1195-1199 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. In animals capable of learning from a parent or other individual, socially acquired behaviour can be transmitted through several generations. When the inheritance of variations in such behaviour is independent of genotypic variations, natural selection can operate on an additional level. Direct evolution of behaviour becomes possible, and this may alter the estimates of costs and benefits of behaviour patterns for the individual who transmits them. It is suggested that the effects of maternally transmitted behaviour contribute to the evolution of maternal behavioural strategies, and to the evolution of behaviour associated with male-female conflict. |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
574 |
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Author |
Araba, B.D.; Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
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Title |
Dominance relationships and aggression of foals (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
1-25 |
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Keywords |
aggression; dominance; horse; Equus caballus |
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Abstract |
Studied a herd of 15 Belgian brood-mares and 10 foals. Specific aspects of social structure studied were dominance-subordinance relationships, preferred associates, social spacing, aggression rates, the frequency of aggressions administered down the dominance hierarchy, and interactive play bouts. The rank order of the foals, both before and after weaning, was positively correlated with the rank order of their dams. There was also a significant relationship between a foal's rank and its total aggression or aggression rate per subordinate post-weaning. Higher ranking foals had higher rates of aggression. Over 80% of threats were directed down the dominance hierachy. The play-rank order of the foals, scored by the number of times foal left a play bout, was not significantly correlated with the rank order as scored by agonistic interactions. -from Authors |
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Dept Anatomy and Radiology, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA |
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01681591 (Issn) |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
790 |
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Author |
Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
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Title |
Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
393-400 |
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Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored. |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
873 |
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Author |
Ishida, N.; Hirano, T.; Mukoyama, H. |
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Title |
Detection of aberrant alleles in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
287 |
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Keywords |
*Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; *DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency; Genomic Imprinting; Horses/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; *Polymorphism, Genetic |
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Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo |
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0268-9146 |
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PMID:7985852 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2213 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. I. |
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Title |
The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Societies |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Societies |
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13-28 |
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Kyoto University Press |
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Jarman, P.J.;, Rositter, A. |
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4-87698-014-4 |
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yes |
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1528 |
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