| Records |
| Author |
Packer, C; Heinsohn, R. |
| Title |
Response:Lioness leadership |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
1996 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
271 |
Issue |
5253 |
Pages |
1215-1216 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 |
Serial |
2072 |
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| Author |
Gary C. Jahn; Craig Packer,Robert Heinsohn |
| Title |
Lioness leadership |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
271 |
Issue |
5253 |
Pages |
1216-1219 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Conference |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 |
Serial |
2073 |
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| Author |
Fulhorst, C.F.; Hardy, J.L.; Eldridge, B.F.; Chiles, R.E.; Reeves, W.C. |
| Title |
Ecology of Jamestown Canyon virus (Bunyaviridae: California serogroup) in coastal California |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
185-189 |
| Keywords |
Aedes/virology; Animals; Antibodies, Viral/blood; California/epidemiology; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Deer; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Encephalitis Virus, California/immunology/*isolation & purification; Encephalitis, California/epidemiology/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Lagomorpha; Male; Neutralization Tests/veterinary; Peromyscus; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology; Sigmodontinae |
| Abstract |
This paper reports the first isolation of Jamestown Canyon (JC) virus from coastal California and the results of tests for antibody to JC virus in mammals living in coastal California. The virus isolation was made from a pool of 50 Aedes dorsalis females collected as adults from Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. The virus isolate was identified by two-way plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization tests done in Vero cell cultures. Sera from the mammals were tested for antibody to JC virus by a plaque-reduction serum dilution neutralization method. A high prevalence of JC virus-specific antibody was found in horses and cattle sampled from Morro Bay. This finding is additional evidence for the presence of a virus antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus in Morro Bay and indicates that the vectors of the virus in Morro Bay feed on large mammals. A high prevalence of virus-specific antibody was also found in horses sampled from Marin and San Diego counties. This finding suggests that viruses antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus are geographically widespread in coastal California. |
| Address |
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0002-9637 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8780458 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2656 |
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| Author |
Atwill, E.R.; Mohammed, H.O.; Lopez, J.W. |
| Title |
Evaluation of travel and use as a risk factor for seropositivity to Ehrlichia risticii in horses of New York state |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
272-277 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ehrlichiosis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Female; *Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; New York/epidemiology; Probability; Random Allocation; Risk Factors; *Travel |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVES--To determine whether mean annual frequency and destination of equine travel was associated with exposure to Ehrlichia risticii and whether these associations were modified by horses' place of residence. DESIGN--Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION--511 equine operations containing 2,587 horses were visited in New York state from a target population of 39,000 operations. PROCEDURE--Each horse was tested for serum antibodies against E risticii, using indirect fluorescent antibody. Information on the horse's travel history, farm's management practices, and surrounding ecology was obtained by personal interview and resource maps. Statistical analyses were performed on 2 cohorts of animals: all horses enrolled in the study and horses born on the property or that resided at least 4 years on the farm. Three county-based risk regions (RR) were identified by use of cluster analysis. RESULTS--Mean seroprevalence for each of the 3 RR was 2.4 (low risk), 8.5 (moderate risk), and 18.5% (high risk) for cohort 1 and 2.5, 8.0, and 18.4% for cohort 2. Among cohorts 1 and 2, pleasure riding and breeding trips were associated with exposure to E risticii, but horse residence (low, moderate, or high RR) was an effect modifier for these associations. Among cohort 1 and stratifying the analysis according to the RR for the travel destination, trail riding at low RR and trail riding at high RR were associated with exposure. Among cohort 2 and stratifying the analysis according to the RR for the travel destination, breeding trips were associated with exposure, and strong effect modification was present for horse residence (low, moderate, or high RR). CONCLUSIONS--Only certain types of travel to specific RR were associated with higher risk of exposure to E risticii. In many instances, travel was not associated, or was associated, with a reduced risk of exposure. |
| Address |
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
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English |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0002-9645 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8669754 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2658 |
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| Author |
Boysen, S.T.; Bernston, G.G.; Hannan, M.B.; Cacioppo, J.T. |
| Title |
Quantity-based interference and symbolic representations in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
76-86 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; *Pan troglodytes; *Reinforcement (Psychology); Task Performance and Analysis |
| Abstract |
Five chimpanzees with training in counting and numerical skills selected between 2 arrays of different amounts of candy or 2 Arabic numerals. A reversed reinforcement contingency was in effect, in which the selected array was removed and the subject received the nonselected candies (or the number of candies represented by the nonselected Arabic numeral). Animals were unable to maximize reward by selecting the smaller array when candies were used as array elements. When Arabic numerals were substituted for the candy arrays, all animals showed an immediate shift to a more optimal response strategy of selecting the smaller numeral, thereby receiving the larger reward. Results suggest that a response disposition to the high-incentive candy stimuli introduced a powerful interference effect on performance, which was effectively overridden by the use of symbolic representations. |
| Address |
Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1222, USA |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8568498 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2781 |
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| Author |
Puppe, B. |
| Title |
[Social dominance and rank relationships in domestic pigs: a critical review] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume |
109 |
Issue |
11-12 |
Pages |
457-464 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Female; Male; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance; Swine/*psychology |
| Abstract |
Viewing dominance as an attribute of repeated agonistic interactions between two individuals, the present paper reviews theoretical approaches towards concepts of dominance, methods of measurement, and basic principles and problems connected with social dominance in domestic pigs. Domestic pigs are able to establish social organization structures during all stages of their ontogeny. According to definition, dominance relationships occur when a consistent asymmetry of the result of dyadic agonistic interactions can be assessed. This must not necessarily be connected immediately with a better availability of resources, or a high stability of existing dominance relationships, or a functional definition of dominance. When sociometric characteristics are calculated, it seems to be appropriate to use them for different levels of a biological system (individual, individual pair, group). Investigations of social behaviour and dominance in farm animals should take into account that mechanisms of social behaviour in confined environments are often carried out in parts only. Connections of the dominance concept with other concepts of behavioural regulation should be theoretically considered and further investigated by experimental studies. |
| Address |
Forschungsbereich Physiologische Grundlagen der Tierhaltung des Forschungsinstituts fur die Biologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere Dummerstorf-Rostock |
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| Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Soziale Dominanz- und Rangbeziehungen beim Hausschwein: eine kritische Ubersicht |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0005-9366 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8999780 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2861 |
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| Author |
Reboreda, J.C.; Clayton, N.S.; Kacelnik, A. |
| Title |
Species and sex differences in hippocampus size in parasitic and non-parasitic cowbirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Neuroreport |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neuroreport |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
505-508 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Birds/*physiology; Female; Hippocampus/*anatomy & histology; Male; Nesting Behavior/*physiology; Sex Characteristics; Species Specificity; Telencephalon/anatomy & histology |
| Abstract |
To test the hypothesis that selection for spatial abilities which require birds to locate and to return accurately to host nests has produced an enlarged hippocampus in brood parasites, three species of cowbird were compared. In shiny cowbirds, females search for host nests without the assistance of the male; in screaming cowbirds, males and females inspect hosts' nests together; in bay-winged cowbirds, neither sex searches because this species is not a brood parasite. As predicted, the two parasitic species had a relatively larger hippocampus than the non-parasitic species. There were no sex differences in relative hippocampus size in screaming or bay-winged cowbirds, but female shiny cowbirds had a larger hippocampus than the male. |
| Address |
Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0959-4965 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8730816 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4798 |
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| Author |
Carroll, G.L.; Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Slater, M.R.; Champney, T.H.; Erickson, S.W. |
| Title |
The effect of detomidine and its antagonism with tolazoline on stress-related hormones, metabolites, physiologic responses, and behavior in awake ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Veterinary surgery : VS : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Surg |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
69-77 |
| Keywords |
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology; Blood Glucose/metabolism; Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology; Consciousness/physiology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Epinephrine/blood; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Horse Diseases/metabolism/physiopathology/psychology; Horses/blood/metabolism/*physiology; Hydrocortisone/blood; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Imidazoles/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Norepinephrine/blood; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects/*physiology; Stress/metabolism/physiopathology/veterinary; Time Factors; Tolazoline/administration & dosage/*pharmacology |
| Abstract |
Six ponies were used to investigate the effect of tolazoline antagonism of detomidine on physiological responses, behavior, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids in awake ponies. Each pony had a catheter inserted into a jugular vein 1 hour before beginning the study. Awake ponies were administered detomidine (0.04 mg/kg intravenously [i.v.]) followed 20 minutes later by either tolazoline (4.0 mg/kg i.v.) or saline. Blood samples were drawn from the catheter 5 minutes before detomidine administration (baseline), 5 minutes after detomidine administration, 20 minutes before detomidine administration which was immediately before the administration of tolazoline or saline (time [T] = 0), and at 5, 30, and 60 minutes after injections of tolazoline or saline (T = 5, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively). Compared with heart rate at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism increased heart rate 45% at 5 minutes. There was no difference in heart rate between treatments at 30 minutes. Blood pressure remained stable after tolazoline, while it decreased over time after saline. Compared with concentrations at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism of detomidine in awake ponies resulted in a 55% increase in cortisol at 30 minutes and a 52% increase in glucose at 5 minutes. The change in free fatty acids was different for tolazoline and saline over time. Free fatty acids decreased after detomidine administration. Free fatty acids did not change after saline administration. After tolazoline administration, free fatty acids increased transiently. Tolazoline tended to decrease sedation and analgesia at 15 and 60 minutes postantagonism. Antagonism of detomidine-induced physiological and behavioral effects with tolazoline in awake ponies that were not experiencing pain appears to precipitate a stress response as measured by cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids. If antagonism of an alpha-agonist is contemplated, the potential effect on hormones and metabolites should be considered. |
| Address |
Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0161-3499 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9123816 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
96 |
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| Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, J.W.J.; Liu, I.K.; Fayrer-Hosken, R.; Rutberg, A.T. |
| Title |
Case studies in wildlife immunocontraception: wild and feral equids and white-tailed deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Reproduction, fertility, and development |
Abbreviated Journal |
Reprod Fertil Dev |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
105-110 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antigens/immunology; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Deer; *Equidae; Female; Immunization, Secondary; Pest Control/*methods; Pregnancy; Swine; Vaccines/administration & dosage; Zona Pellucida/immunology |
| Abstract |
Non-lethal management methods are required for wild equids that are protected by law and for deer inhabiting areas where lethal controls are not legal or safe. Single or multiple inoculations of porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine have been delivered to wild horses and deer by means of darts. Contraceptive efficacy in horses after two inoculations ranged from 90% to 100%, and after a single inoculation ranged from 19% to 28%. Mares given a controlled-release form of the vaccine had foaling rates ranging from 7% to 20%. No detectable changes in social organization or behaviours among treated horses occurred. Contraceptive effects were reversible after 4 consecutive years of treatment but 5-7 years of treatment resulted in ovulation failure and decreased urinary oestrogen concentrations. Among deer, two inoculations were 70-100% effective in preventing fawns, but one inoculation yielded a contraceptive efficacy of < or = 20%, with pregnancies occurring late in the breeding season; a single annual booster inoculation reduced fertility to 20% in the second year. Energy costs of extended breeding seasons were less than those resulting from pregnancy. After two years of treatment, ovaries appeared normal. These studies suggest that PZP immunocontraception can be successfully applied to certain free-roaming populations of wild horses and deer. |
| Address |
ZooMontana, Billings 59108, USA |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1031-3613 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9109199 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
143 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Food transfers through mesh in brown capuchins |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
370-378 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Preferences/psychology; Male; *Motivation; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Environment |
| Abstract |
Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) share food even if their partner is behind a mesh restraint. Pairs of adult capuchins were moved into a test chamber in which 1 monkey received cucumber pieces for 20 min and the other received apple slices during the following 20 min. Tolerant transfers of food occurred reciprocally among females: The rate of transfer from Female B to A in the second test phase varied with the rate from Female A to B in the first test phase. Several social mechanisms may explain this reciprocity. Whereas this study does not contradict cognitively complex explanations (e.g., mental record keeping of given and received food), the results are consistent with a rather simple explanation: that food sharing reflects a combination of affiliative tendency and high tolerance. The study suggests that sharing mechanisms may be different for adult male capuchins, with males sharing food more readily and less discriminatingly than females. |
| Address |
Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9419882 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
198 |
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