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Author Marean, C.W.; Gifford-Gonzalez, D. doi  openurl
  Title Late Quaternary extinct ungulates of East Africa and palaeoenvironmental implications Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1991 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 350 Issue 6317 Pages 418-420  
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  Abstract UNGULATE communities of two East African savannas, the Serengeti and Athi-Kapiti Plains, are dominated by wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) supplemented by zebra (Equus burchelli), topi (Damaliscus lunatus), hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus), buffalo (Syncerus caffer) eland (Taurotragus oryx) and gazelles (Gazella grand and G. thomsoni)1-3. Before this research, little was known of East African large mammal communities in the Late Pleistocene and early to middle Holocene. We document an extinct impala-sized alcelaphine antelope that is numerically dominant in Late Pleistocene archaeofaunal assemblages from the Athi-Kapiti Plains. The extinct giant buffalo Pelorovis antiquus is present, and a number of arid-adapted regionally extinct species are common. The small alcelaphine is rare in northern Tanzania, but regionally extinct arid-adapted species are present in Late Pleistocene deposits. These data indicate that as recently as 12,000 years ago, the large mammal community structure of East African savannas was very different and dry grasslands and arid-adapted ungulates expanded at least as far south as northern Tanzania during the Last Glacial Maximum.  
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  Notes 10.1038/350418a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2345  
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Author Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1991 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 352 Issue 6336 Pages 619-621  
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  Notes 10.1038/352619a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5424  
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Author Novacek, M.J. doi  openurl
  Title Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1992 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 356 Issue 6365 Pages 121-125  
  Keywords Animals; Evolution; Fossils; Mammals/classification/*genetics; *Phylogeny  
  Abstract Recent palaeontological discoveries and the correspondence between molecular and morphological results provide fresh insight on the deep structure of mammalian phylogeny. This new wave of research, however, has yet to resolve some important issues.  
  Address American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:1545862 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3546  
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Author Nowak, M.A.; Sigmund, K. url  doi
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  Title Tit for tat in heterogeneous populations Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1992 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 355 Issue Pages 250-253  
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  Notes 10.1038/355250a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4842  
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Author Reeve, H.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Queen activation of lazy workers in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1992 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 358 Issue Pages 147-149  
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  Notes 10.1038/358147a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4921  
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Author Sugiyama Y openurl 
  Title Tool use by wild chimpanzees Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1994 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 376 Issue Pages 327  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3041  
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Author Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Punishment in animal societies Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 373 Issue 6511 Pages 209-216  
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  Abstract Although positive reciprocity (reciprocal altruism) has been a focus of interest in evolutionary biology, negative reciprocity (retaliatory infliction of fitness reduction) has been largely ignored. In social animals, retaliatory aggression is common, individuals often punish other group members that infringe their interests, and punishment can cause subordinates to desist from behaviour likely to reduce the fitness of dominant animals. Punishing strategies are used to establish and maintain dominance relationships, to discourage parasites and cheats, to discipline offspring or prospective sexual partners and to maintain cooperative behaviour.  
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  Notes 10.1038/373209a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4838  
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Author Clayton, N.S.; Dickinson, A. doi  openurl
  Title Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 395 Issue 6699 Pages 272-274  
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  Abstract The recollection of past experiences allows us to recall what a particular event was, and where and when it occurred1,2, a form of memory that is thought to be unique to humans3. It is known, however, that food-storing birds remember the spatial location4, 5, 6 and contents6, 7, 8, 9 of their caches. Furthermore, food-storing animals adapt their caching and recovery strategies to the perishability of food stores10, 11, 12, 13, which suggests that they are sensitive to temporal factors. Here we show that scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) remember 'when' food items are stored by allowing them to recover perishable 'wax worms' (wax-moth larvae) and non-perishable peanuts which they had previously cached in visuospatially distinct sites. Jays searched preferentially for fresh wax worms, their favoured food, when allowed to recover them shortly after caching. However, they rapidly learned to avoid searching for worms after a longer interval during which the worms had decayed. The recovery preference of jays demonstrates memory of where and when particular food items were cached, thereby fulfilling the behavioural criteria for episodic-like memory in non-human animals.  
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  Notes 10.1038/26216 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4788  
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Author Watts, D.J.; Strogatz, S.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Collective dynamics of /`small-world/' networks Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 393 Issue 6684 Pages 440-442  
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  Abstract Networks of coupled dynamical systems have been used to model biological oscillators Josephson junction arrays excitable media, neural networks spatial games11, genetic control networks12 and many other self-organizing systems. Ordinarily, the connection topology is assumed to be either completely regular or completely random. But many biological, technological and social networks lie somewhere between these two extremes. Here we explore simple models of networks that can be tuned through this middle ground: regular networks 'rewired' to introduce increasing amounts of disorder. We find that these systems can be highly clustered, like regular lattices, yet have small characteristic path lengths, like random graphs. We call them 'small-world' networks, by analogy with the small-world phenomenon (popularly known as six degrees of separation). The neural network of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the power grid of the western United States, and the collaboration graph of film actors are shown to be small-world networks. Models of dynamical systems with small-world coupling display enhanced signal-propagation speed, computational power, and synchronizability. In particular, infectious diseases spread more easily in small-world networks than in regular lattices.  
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  Notes 10.1038/30918 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4989  
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Author Barton, N. doi  openurl
  Title Evolutionary biology: The geometry of adaptation Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1998 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 395 Issue 6704 Pages 751-752  
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  Notes 10.1038/27338 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5469  
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