| Records |
| Author |
Klingel H, |
| Title |
A Comparison of the Social Organization of the Equids. in Denniston RH (ed) |
Type |
Conference Volume |
Year  |
1980 |
Publication |
Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of Wild and Feral Equids, Laramie 1979 |
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Pages |
23-30 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1315 |
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| Author |
R. A. J. Taylor |
| Title |
The Behavioural Basis of Redistribution I. The Delta -Model Concept |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
The Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
573-586 |
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(1) A conceptual model is developed in which spatial behaviour is density-dependent. The behaviour is classified as congregatory or migratory according to whether it results in movement towards or away from population concentrations. (2) Spatial behaviour is shown to result from both individual and population interactions. (3) The stability properties of the model are explored and it is shown how, under particular conditions, populations obeying the model have a population density regulating mechanism. (4) The similarity between the model and the potential energy curve of physics is noted, but it is emphasized that this is a behavioural not a physical model. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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720 |
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| Author |
Baba, M., T.; Doi, H.; Ikeda, T.; Iwamoto; Ono Y. |
| Title |
A census of large mammals in Omo National Park, Ethiopia |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
African Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Afr. J. Ecol. |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
207-210 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2218 |
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| Author |
Edwards, P. J.; Hollis, S. |
| Title |
The Distribution of Excreta on New Forest Grassland Used by Cattle, Ponies and Deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
953-964 |
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(1) The distribution of excreta on areas of reseeded grassland in the New Forest used by free-ranging cattle, ponies and fallow deer was shown to be non-random. Distinct latrine areas were recognized where the faeces of all three herbivore species were concentrated, and where the majority of urinations occurred. The mosaic of latrine and non-latrine areas can be detected in aerial photographs in which non-latrine areas appear as light-grey patches set in a matrix of the dark grey latrine areas. During the 3 years of the study the position of the mosaic proved to be relatively stable. (2) The latrine areas were characterized by an uneven sward about 50 mm tall with abundant thistles (Cirsium spp.) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Non-latrine areas had an even and very closely cropped sward between 10 and 20 mm tall. Soil chemical analysis of the two kinds of area revealed significantly higher levels of exchangeable potassium in latrine areas, and on one site significantly higher levels of magnesium and organic matter. No significant differences were detected in soil reaction, nor in phosphorus or calcium levels. (3) Observations of grazing animals revealed a tendency, at all times of year, for ponies to avoid grazing in latrine areas. In winter and spring this tendency was very slight, but from midsummer until late autumn a substantial majority of grazing ponies were to be found in non-latrine areas. In contrast, only 2% of the cattle observations made over a period of 20 months were of animals grazing in non-latrine areas. (4) The standing crop of dung and the rate of dung production on the two kinds of area were monitored for 12 months on one lawn. The amount of pony dung produced on non-latrine areas was only 16.5% of that in latrine areas, while for cattle the corresponding value was 28.7%. It is argued that the observed pattern has been created by selective grazing and eliminatory behaviour of the ponies, and that the excreta of cattle and deer are largely confined to pony latrine areas because these animals are unable to graze the very short herbage of non-latrine areas. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2287 |
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| Author |
Boitani, L. |
| Title |
Patterns of homesites attendance in two Minnesota wolf packs |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology and Conservation |
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Noyes, Park Ridge |
Place of Publication |
New York |
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Harrington, F.H.; Paquet, P.C. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boitani1982 |
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6474 |
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| Author |
McNaughton, S. J.; Georgiadis, N.J. |
| Title |
Ecology of African Grazing and Browsing Mammals |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |
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17 |
Issue |
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Pages |
39-66 |
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INTRODUCTION Africa is the earth's second largest continent, comprising 20% of its surface. Largely tropical, Africa extends as well into temperate zones to 37 N and 35 S. Eastern and southern Africa display steep elevation gradients due to the prevalence there of volcanic orogeny and rifting (29). Local landscapes are distinguished by substantial geological heterogeneity, dissected land forms, and resultant steep gradients of precipitation and vegetation. The consequent pronounced fragnientation of habitats and sharp juxtaposition of distinct vegetation types, combined with climatic oscillations in geological time, contributed to major adaptive radiations of the mammalian fauna (102, 120). Early zoological expeditions recorded that habitat fragmentation and wide spatial variation of animal densities and diversities were distinctive features of African ecosystems (92, 138, 162, 226). Those early records provided the bases of natural history information on animal distributions, habitat preferences, feeding habits, and general ecology; scientific research followed only much later (201). Modem scientific study of African savanna-grassland mammals began in the 1950s (23, 24, 107, 108, 148, 149, 197,203, 204, 210,230), long after the distributions and densities of the major game animals had been affected by growing human populations, colonial land and hunting policies, and virulent exotic diseases that affected the animals both directly and indirectly (57). The mammalian fauna has been increasingly isolated and fragmented within game reserves of varying size, habitat diversity, and animal species diversity; the ability to sustain it in the absence of active management is increasingly questioned (112, 187). For species with population sizes greater than 100 individuals, game reserve area (A) and faunal ... |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4255 |
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| Author |
Lima, S.L. |
| Title |
Predation Risk and Unpredictable Feeding Conditions: Determinants of Body Mass in Birds |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
377-385 |
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doi: 10.2307/1938580 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5141 |
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| Author |
Illius,A. W.; Gordon, I. J. |
| Title |
The Allometry of Food Intake in Grazing Ruminants |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
The Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
989-999 |
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A simulation model of grazing mechanics in ruminants shows that, due to the allometric relations of bite size and metabolic requirements to body size, small animals are able to subsist on shorter swards than large animals. (2) The density of nutrients in the grazed horizon of the modelled swards markedly affected the ability of animals of a given body size to satisfy their energy requirements. (3) By extension, the allometric relationships would be expected to apply in selective grazing and browsing species in their choice of food items of different size and nutrient content. (4) The results support the argument that sexual segregation and habitat choice of dimorphic species is an effect of scramble competition for limited resources, the males thus being excluded from mutually preferred swards. (5) The model provides an explanation for two interspecific phenomena amongst grazers: grazing succession and grazing facilitation. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4265 |
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| Author |
Pusey, A.E. |
| Title |
Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
295-299 |
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Sex differences in dispersal distance are widespread in birds and mammals, but the predominantly dispersing sex differs consistently between the classes. There has been persistent debate over the relative importance of two factors -- intrasexual competition and inbreeding avoidance -- in producing sex-biased dispersal, and over the sources of the difference in dispersal patterns between the two classes. Recent studies cast new light on these questions. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5326 |
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Houston, A.I.; McNamara, J.M. |
| Title |
Fighting for food: a dynamic version of the Hawk-Dove game |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Ecol. |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
51-64 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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750 |
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