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Author Smith, J.M.; Parker, G.A.
Title The logic of asymmetric contests Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1976 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 159-175
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Abstract A theoretical analysis is made of the evolution of behavioural strategies in contest situations. It is assumed that behaviour will evolve so as to maximize individual fitness. If so, a population will evolve an [`]evolutionarily stable strategy', or ESS, which can be defined as a strategy such that, if all members of a population adopt it, no [`]mutant' strategy can do better. A number of simple models of contest situations are analysed from this point of view. It is concluded that in [`]symmetric' contests the ESS is likely to be a [`]mixed' strategy; that is, either the population will be genetically polymorphic or individuals will be behaviourally variable. Most real contests are probably asymmetric, either in pay-off to the contestants, or in size or weapons, or in some [`]uncorrelated' fashion; i.e. in a fashion which does not substantially bias either the pay-offs or the likely outcome of an escalated contest. An example of an uncorrelated asymmetry is that between the [`]discoverer' of a resource and a [`]late-comer'. It is shown that the ESS in asymmetric contests will usually be to permit the asymmetric cue to settle the contest without escalation. Escalated contests will, however, occur if information to the contestants about the asymmetry is imperfect.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5103
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Author Parker, G.A.; MacNair, M.R.
Title Models of parent-offspring conflict. I. Monogamy Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1978 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 26 Issue Pages 97-110
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Abstract Theoretical models for Trivers (1974) concept of parent-offspring conflict are examined for species in which the effects of the conflict are felt by full sibs. A rare conflictor gene will spread if Image , whereÆ’(m) is the fitness gained by a conflictor relative to a non-conflictor offspring (Æ’(m) >1), and m is the amount of parental investment taken by a conflictor relative to m = 1 for a non-conflictor. The range of m alleles which can spread against the parent optimum decreases as the cost to the parent increases until a point is reached where there is no conflict of evolutionary interests. There would be no polymorphism for conflictor: non-conflictor alleles unless special conditions prevail. The conflictor allele which spreads most rapidly as a rare mutant against the parental optimum is not an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). The ESS for parent-offspring conflict in monogamous species has m0 = Æ’(m0)/2[dÆ’(m0)/dm0]. The analytical solutions are confirmed throughout by simulations.
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Notes 10.1016/0003-3472(78)90009-X Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4901
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Author Murphy, L.B.
Title The practical problems of recognizing and measuring fear and exploration behaviour in the domestic fowl Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1978 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 26, Part 2 Issue Pages 422-431
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Abstract In studying behaviour supposedly motivated by fear or by exploration, consideration should be given to the biological functions of these two systems and to the ways in which the experimental environment may affect the performance of ‘natural’ responses. Extreme caution is needed in comparing the effectiveness of different stimuli and the amounts of fear or exploration represented by different responses. In particular, it should never be assumed when making such comparisons that the relative intensities of different stimuli and responses are constant.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5640
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Author Duncan, P.; Vigne, N.
Title The effect of group size in horses on the rate of attacks by blood-sucking flies Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1979 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 27 Issue Part 2 Pages 623-625
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 763
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Author Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Albon, S.D.; Gibson, R.M.; Guinness, F.E.
Title The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1979 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 27 Issue Part 1 Pages 211-225
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Abstract For red deer stags, fighting both has appreciable costs and yields considerable benefits. Up to 6% of rutting stags are permanently injured each year, while fighting success and reproductive success are closely related, within age groups as well as across them. Fighting behaviour is sensitive to changes in the potential benefits of fighting: stags fight most frequently and most intensely where potential benefits are high and tend to avoid fighting with individuals they are unlikely to beat. The relevance of these findings to theoretical models of fighting behaviour is discussed.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 860
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Author Roberts, J.; Kacelnik, A.; Hunter, M.L.
Title A model of sound interference in relation to acoustic communication Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1979 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 27 Issue Part 4 Pages 1271-1273
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Call Number Serial 2124
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Author Kacelnik, A.
Title The foraging efficiency of great tits (Parus major L.) in relation to light intensity Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1979 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 27 Issue Part 1 Pages 237-241
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Abstract I report an experiment aimed at testing whether foraging efficiency of great tits is limited by light intensity at the time of the dawn chorus. Captive great tits hunting for prey under different luminance conditions were less successful in finding prey when foraging, hunted for a lower proportion of their time, and handled individual prey items for longer when luminance was under approximately 7 cd/m2. This luminance is not reached in the field until after the time of the dawn chorus, suggesting that in the early morning foraging is limited by light intensity. I suggest that a satisfactory functional explanation of the dawn chorus must take into account the comparatively low foraging opportunity early in the morning, as well as the factors affecting the opportunity for singing and other territorial activities.
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Call Number Serial 2125
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Author Powell, R.A.
Title The dog: Its domestication and behavior : By . New York: Garland STPM Press (1978). 296 pp. $24.50 Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1979 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 27 Issue Part 1 Pages 318-1211
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Call Number Serial 2146
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Author Roberts, J.; Hunter, M.L.; Kacelnik, A.
Title The ground effect and acoustic communication Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1981 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 633-634
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Call Number Serial 2123
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Author Barnard, C.J.; Sibly, R.M.
Title Producers and scroungers: A general model and its application to captive flocks of house sparrows Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1981 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 543-550
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Abstract Many forms of interaction within and between species appear to be based on `scrounger' individuals or species exploiting a limited resource provided `producers'. A mathematical model is presented which shows whether or not scroungers are maintained in a group, depending on their frequency and the group size. Some of the predictions of the model were tested in captive flocks of house sparrows Passer domesticus L. Here the scroungers obtained most of their food (mealworms) by interaction and the producers found most of their food by actively foraging: the pay-off to each type was measured as mealworm capture rate. Neither type changed strategy opportunistically in response to instantaneous flock composition but, not surprisingly, scroungers fared better when one of more producers were present. However, scrougers did much worse than expected when greatly outnumbered by producers, perhaps because producers then found the available food very quickly.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4200
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