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Author Rutberg, A. T. doi  openurl
  Title Inter-group transfer in assateague pony mares Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 945-952  
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  Abstract Between-previous termgroup transfernext term of adult female previous termponies,next term Equus caballus, was investigated for three consecutive summers on previous Assateaguenext Island, Maryland, U.S.A. Both the previous terminternext term-band movements of individual previous termmares and the marenext term turnover rates of one-male “harem” bands were examined. Long-term previous termtransfersnext term occurred at rates ranging from 0·06 to 0·18 per previous termmarenext term per month. previous termMaresnext term with foals transferred more frequently than previous termmaresnext term without foals, but neither female age, pregnancy, nearest-neighbour distances nor dominance rank affected the likelihood of transferring. Band turnover rates were uncorrelated with the average frequency of previous termmare-marenext term aggression within the band, but new previous termmaresnext term entering a band suffered a transient rise in aggression received. Thus, female aggression did not encourage, and may have discouraged, previous terminternext term-band previous termtransfers.next term Older stallions and stallions who had held bands for 2 years or more had significantly larger and more stable bands. Fewer previous termmarenext term turnovers were seen in bands whose stallions tended to face their previous termmares,next term showed a relatively high proportion of time feeding, and showed a relatively low proportion of time involved in aggression with other stallions, although at marginal levels of significance for all three variables. Thus, variability in stallion attributes, and possibly behaviour, probably plays the strongest role in determining previous termmare transfernext term patterns at previous termAssateague.next term  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1535  
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Author McCall, C.A. url  openurl
  Title A Review of Learning Behavior in Horses and its Application in Horse Training Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 75-81  
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  Abstract A literature review of the equine learning research conducted in the past 20 yr revealed that the purpose of most of the studies was to determine whether horses respond to learning situations in the same way that other animals do. The results indicated that horses can discriminate many different types of stimuli, and they learn through stimulus-response- reinforcement chains. Most equine learning studies have utilized learning tasks depending on primary positive reinforcement to get the horses to work the tests. Yet, the majority of horse trainers use negative reinforcement more often than primary positive reinforcement in their training procedures. Therefore, past research often did not have a direct application to training methods commonly utilized in the horse industry. Research also demonstrated that 1) early experiences of horses can affect learning ability later, 2) equine memory is efficient and 3) concentrating learning mals in long training sessions decreases equine learning efficiency. Many factors that might affect equine learning ability and be applicable to training practices in the horse industry have not been thoroughly investigated; for example, interactions between nutrition and learning and between exercise and learning, the use of negative and secondary reinforcements in horse training, and the horse's ability to make few initial errors compared to its ability to eliminate errors as training progresses all require investigation in future equine learning studies. N1 -  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1992  
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Author Cuthill, I.; Kacelnik, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Central place foraging: a reappraisal of the `loading effect' Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue 6 Pages 1087-1101  
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  Abstract Animals that provision a central place usually bring back larger loads when foraging far from home. This positive correlation between average load size and distance is typically explained as rate-maximizing behaviour in the face of a trade-off between travel costs and a decelerating rate of prey gain in food patches (the `loading effect'). By using feeders to provide wild parent starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, with constant rates of prey loading, a positive load-distance correlation was shown to exist in the absence of a loading effect (experiment I). However, in a laboratory simulation where no load was transported (experiment II). the average number of prey eaten in patch visits by self-feeding starlings was invariant with travel distance, so the explanation of the load-distance correlation in experiment I must lie in featues peculiar to central place foraging. Bottlenecks in ingestion by chicks and interruption by visual detection of nest disturbance (experiment III) were rejected as causes of the correlation. Risks of dropping prey in flight appeared low, but the risk of kleptoparasitism received weak support. The travel-load size correlation may be an adaptive response to load transport costs, as return travel times increased with the load size being carried (experiment IV).  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2116  
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Author Reboreda, J.C.; Kacelnik, A. url  openurl
  Title On cooperation, tit-for-tat and mirros Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue 6 Pages 1188-1189  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2117  
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Author Cuthill, I.C.; Kacelnik, A.; Krebs, J.R.; Haccou, P.; Iwasa, Y. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Starlings exploiting patches: the effect of recent experience on foraging decisions Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 625-640  
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  Abstract Laboratory and field experiments have shown that, as predicted by the marginal value model, starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, stay longer in a food patch when the average travel time between patches is long. A laboratory analogue of a patchy environment was used to investigate how starlings respond to rapidly fluctuating changes in travel time in order to find out the length of experience over which information is integrated. When there was a progressive increase in the amount of work required to obtain successive food items in a patch (experiment 1), birds consistently took more prey after long than after short travel times; travel experience before the most recent had no effect on the number of prey taken. Such behaviour does not maximize the rate of energy intake in this environment. The possibility that this is the result of a simple constraint on crop capacity is rejected as, when successive prey were equally easy to obtain up until a stepwise depletion of the patch (experiment 2), birds took equal numbers of prey per visit after long and short travel times: the rate-maximizing behaviour. A series of models are developed to suggest the possible constraints on optimal behaviour that affect starlings in the type of environment mimicked by experiment 1.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2118  
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Author Kacelnik, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title R.C. Bolies and M.D. Beecher, Editors, Evolution and Learning, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey (1988), p. x Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 602-603  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2119  
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Author Cassini, M.H.; Kacelnik, A.; Segura, E.T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The tale of the screaming hairy armadillo, the guinea pig and the marginal value theorem Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 1030-1050  
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  Abstract Foraging by screaming hairy armadillos, Chaetophractus vellerosus, and guinea pigs, Cavia porcellus, was studied in the laboratory. The main question was whether patch exploitation varies with overall capture rate as predicted by the marginal value theorem (MVT). Armadillos in experiment I and guinea pigs in experiment II experienced a single travel time between depleting patches of two kinds: good and poor. There were two treatments, which differed in the quality of poor patches. MVT predicts that within a treatment, more prey should be taken from good than from poor patches and between treatments, good patches should be exploited in inverse relation to the quality of poor patches and poor patches should be exploited in direct relation to their own quality. In experiment III, guinea pigs experienced three treatments which differed in the travel requirement, while the two patch types remained the same. MVT predicts that within a treatment more prey should be taken from good than from poor patches and that between treatments more prey should be taken from both patch types as travel requirement increases. The qualitative predictions were supported in the three experiments. The quantitative fit was good but there was a bias towards more severe patch exploitation than predicted. The results indicate that in these species patch exploitation depends on overall food availability as predicted by the MVT when overall food availability differs either because of patch type composition or because of differences in travel requirement between patches.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2120  
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Author Cheney DL; Seyfarth RM openurl 
  Title Attending to behaviour versus attending to knowledge: examining monkeys' attribution of mental states Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue Pages 742  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2987  
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Author Pettifor, R.A. url  openurl
  Title The effects of avian mobbing on a potential predator, the European kestrel, Falco tinnunculus Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 39 Issue 5 Pages 821-827  
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  Abstract European kestrels were observed being mobbed by other birds on 63 occasions. Eleven species were involved, and in two instances mobs were composed of more than one species. Both flight-hunting and perch-hunting kestrels flew significantly further between their foraging positions when they were mobbed than when they were not mobbed; on average, mobbing resulted in flight-hunting kestrels moving 6[middle dot]8 times, and perch-hunting kestrels 2[middle dot]7 times, the mean distances moved by non-mobbed birds. The mean strike distance of perch-hunting kestrels attempting to capture birds was significantly less than the distance between perches flown by perch-hunting kestrels when mobbed. These data provide quantitative support for the assumption that mobbing causes a predator to vacate its immediate foraging area. The activity of the kestrels also influenced the frequency that they were mobbed, with kestrels that were flight-hunting being mobbed more than expected compared with ones that were perch-hunting. Kestrels were observed being mobbed throughout the year, and there was no discernible difference in their response to mobbing between seasons. These results are discussed in relation to current ideas on the functions of avian mobbing.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4091  
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Author Thouless, C.R. doi  openurl
  Title Feeding competition between grazing red deer hinds Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 105-111  
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  Abstract The effect of social rank on the feeding behaviour of female red deer, Cervus elaphus L., on the Isle of Rhum, Scotland, was investigated. Hinds were less likely to approach and more likely to leave the vicinity of other individuals if these hinds were dominant to them. Movements away by subordinates were more likely to involve a break from feeding. Feeding rate, as measured by bite rate, increased with distance from dominant neighbours, but was unaffected by the distance to subordinates. It appears that aggressive interactions had little direct effect on access to food. Instead, it is suggested that feeding competition in red deer hinds is largely a passive process, operating through the avoidance of conflict by subordinates.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4267  
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