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| Author |
Huron, D. |
| Title |
Voice Denumerability of Homogeneous Timbres |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Music Percept Interdiscip J |
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6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Huron2010 |
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6472 |
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Passilongo, D.; Buccianti, A.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Gazzola, A.; Zaccaronii, M.; Apollonio, M. |
| Title |
The Acoustic Structure Of Wolf Howls In Some Eastern Tuscany (Central Italy) Free Ranging Packs |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Bioacoustics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bioacoustics |
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19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
159-175 |
| Keywords |
Canis lupus, acoustic structure, mammal communication, sonogram, fundamental frequency. |
| Abstract |
Italian wolf howls are described for the first time from observations between 2003–2008 of a population living in eastern Tuscany, central Italy. A sample of 37 howls selected among single responses and 128 howls included in the choruses of 7 free ranging packs was recorded and analysed. The mean fundamental frequency of the howls ranged between 274–908 Hz. Two main structures recognised by means of multivariate explorative analysis, in particular Principal Component and Cluster Analysis, were ascribed to breaking and flat howls. Discriminant Function Analysis was applied to the recognised groups with the aim to find a general rule for classification. Howls with different features were correctly assigned to the groups obtained by explorative analysis in 95.8% of cases. The analysis of the variables characterising the structure of the howls suggests that maximum frequency and range of fundamental frequency are the most important parameters for classification, while duration does not appear to play any significant role. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6499 |
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Gehring, T.M.; VerCauteren, K.C.; Provost, M.L.; Cellar, A.C. |
| Title |
Utility of livestock-protection dogs for deterring wildlife from cattle farms |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Wildl. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Wildl. Res. |
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37 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
715-721 |
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bovine tuberculosis, coyote, grey wolf, livestock protection dog, mesopredators, white-tailed deer, wildlife damage management. |
| Abstract |
Context. Livestock producers worldwide are negatively affected by livestock losses because of predators and wildlife-transmitted diseases. In the western Great Lakes Region of the United States, this conflict has increased as grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have served as a wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis).Aims. We conducted field experiments on cattle farms to evaluate the effectiveness of livestock-protection dogs (LPDs) for excluding wolves, coyotes (C. latrans), white-tailed deer and mesopredators from livestock pastures.Methods. We integrated LPDs on six cattle farms (treatment) and monitored wildlife use with tracking swaths on these farms, concurrent with three control cattle farms during 2005-2008. The amount of time deer spent in livestock pastures was recorded using direct observation.Key results. Livestock pastures protected by LPDs had reduced use by these wildlife compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs. White-tailed deer spent less time in livestock pastures protected by LPDs compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs.Conclusions. Our research supports the theory that LPDs can be an effective management tool for reducing predation and disease transmission. We also demonstrate that LPDs are not limited to being used only with sheep and goats; they can also be used to protect cattle.Implications. On the basis of our findings, we support the use of LPDs as a proactive management tool that producers can implement to minimise the threat of livestock depredations and transmission of disease from wildlife to livestock. LPDs should be investigated further as a more general conservation tool for protecting valuable wildlife, such as ground-nesting birds, that use livestock pastures and are affected by predators that use these pastures. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6575 |
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Chaplin, S.J.; Gretgrix, L. |
| Title |
Effect of housing conditions on activity and lying behaviour of horses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
animal |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
792-795 |
| Keywords |
lying, behaviour, activity, equine, housing |
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Housing conditions for horses impose various levels of confinement, which may compromise welfare. Lying behaviour and activity can be used as welfare indicators for domestic animals and rebound behaviour suggests a build-up of motivation resulting from deprivation. The objective of this study was to determine if activity and lying behaviour of horses are affected by housing conditions and to investigate the occurrence of rebound behaviour after release from confinement. Eight horses were subjected, in pairs, to each of four experimental treatments; paddock (P), fully stabled (FS), partly stabled (PS) and yard (Y). Each horse received 6 days acclimatisation prior to the 24 h recording period. Time spent in lying and activity were electronically recorded using a tilt switch and motion sensor connected to a data logger worn on the horse's left foreleg. Time spent active during the first 5 min of release from stable to paddock in the PS treatment (days 1 and 5) and at the same time of day in the P treatment was used as a measure of rebound behaviour. Effect of housing conditions on total time spent active was highly significant (FS = 123 s, PS = 158 s, Y = 377 s, P = 779 s, P < 0.001). Housing conditions did not significantly affect total time spent lying (P = 0.646). Horses were significantly more active, compared with baseline paddock behaviour, on release from stabling on both days 1 (P = 0.006) and 5 (P = 0.025) of PS treatment. These results suggest that activity patterns of horses, but not lying behaviour, are affected by the housing conditions tested and that rebound activity occurs in horses after a period of confinement. |
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Cambridge University Press |
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2010/01/21 |
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1751-7311 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6603 |
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| Author |
Bergmüller, R.; Taborsky, M. |
| Title |
Animal personality due to social niche specialisation |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
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25 |
Issue |
9 |
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504-511 |
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The existence of 'animal personality', i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, is an evolutionary puzzle that has recently generated considerable research interest. Although social factors are generally considered to be important, it is as yet unclear how they might select for personality. Drawing from ecological niche theory, we explore how social conflict and alternative social options can be key factors in the evolution and development of consistent individual differences in behaviour. We discuss how animal personality research might benefit from insights into the study of alternative tactics and illustrate how selection can favour behavioural diversification and consistency due to fitness benefits resulting from conflict reduction among social partners. |
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0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6646 |
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Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Sighieri, C.; Reddon, A.R. |
| Title |
Detour behaviour in horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
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J. Ethol. |
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29 |
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2 |
Pages |
227-234 |
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Detour behaviour; Equus caballus; Horses; Lateralization; Spatial reasoning |
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The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of horses (Equus caballus) to detour around symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. Ten female Italian saddle horses were each used in three detour tasks. In the first task, the ability to detour around a symmetrical obstacle was evaluated; in the second and third tasks subjects were required to perform a detour around an asymmetrical obstacle with two different degrees of asymmetry. The direction chosen to move around the obstacle and time required to make the detour were recorded. The results suggest that horses have the spatial abilities required to perform detour tasks with both symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. The strategy used to perform the task varied between subjects. For five horses, lateralized behaviour was observed when detouring the obstacle; this was consistently in one direction (three on the left and two on the right). For these horses, no evidence of spatial learning or reasoning was found. The other five horses did not solve this task in a lateralized manner, and a trend towards decreasing lateralization was observed as asymmetry, and hence task difficulty, increased. These non-lateralized horses may have higher spatial reasoning abilities. |
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Springer Japan |
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English |
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0289-0771 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5686 |
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Krange, O.; Skogen, K. |
| Title |
When the lads go hunting: The 'Hammertown mechanism' and the conflict over wolves in Norway |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
Ethnography |
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Ethnography |
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12 |
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4 |
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466-489 |
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Rural communities are changing. Depopulation and unemployment is accompanied by the advance of new perspectives on nature, where protection trumps resource extraction. These developments are perceived as threatening by rural working-class people with close ties to traditional land use ? a situation they often meet with cultural resistance. Cultural resistance is not necessarily launched against institutionalized power, nor does it necessarily imply a desire for fundamental social change. It should rather be seen as a struggle for autonomy. However, autonomy does not entail influence outside the cultural realm. Struggles to uphold traditional rural lifestyles ? for example by denouncing the current nature conservation regime ? could be understood in much the same conceptual framework as Willis employed in ?Learning to labour?. Based on an ethnographic study of the conflicts over wolf protection, we demonstrate that ?the Hammertown mechanism? is of a more general nature than often implied in the discussion of Willis? work. |
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SAGE Publications |
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1466-1381 |
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doi: 10.1177/1466138110397227 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6425 |
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A. Wiggins; K. Crowston |
| Title |
From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science |
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Conference Article |
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2011 |
Publication |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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1-10 |
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groupware; natural sciences computing; research and development; social sciences; crowdsourcing; citizen science typology; research collaboration; scientific research projects; virtual collaboration; Communities; Education; Monitoring; Collaboration; Organizations; Biological system modeling; Production |
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Citizen science is a form of research collaboration involving members of the public in scientific research projects to address real-world problems. Often organized as a virtual collaboration, these projects are a type of open movement, with collective goals addressed through open participation in research tasks. Existing typologies of citizen science projects focus primarily on the structure of participation, paying little attention to the organizational and macrostructural properties that are important to designing and managing effective projects and technologies. By examining a variety of project characteristics, we identified five types-Action, Conservation, Investigation, Virtual, and Education- that differ in primary project goals and the importance of physical environment to participation. |
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2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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1530-1605 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6430 |
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Bücheler, T.; Sieg, J.H. |
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Understanding Science 2.0: Crowdsourcing and Open Innovation in the Scientific Method |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Procedia Computer Science |
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Proceedings of the 2nd European Future Technologies Conference and Exhibition 2011 (FET 11) |
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7 |
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327-329 |
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Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Simulation; Agent-Based Modeling; Science 2.0; Citizen Science |
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The innovation process is currently undergoing significant change in many industries. The World Wide Web has created a virtual world of collective intelligence and helped large groups of people connect and collaborate in the innovation process [1]. Von Hippel [2], for instance, states that a large number of users of a given technology will come up with innovative ideas. This process, originating in business, is now also being observed in science. Discussions around “Citizen Science” [3] and “Science 2.0” [4] suggest the same effects are relevant for fundamental research practices. “Crowdsourcing” [5] and “Open Innovation” [6] as well as other names for those paradigms, like Peer Production, Wikinomics, Swarm Intelligence etc., have become buzzwords in recent years. However, serious academic research efforts have also been started in many disciplines. In essence, these buzzwords all describe a form of collective intelligence that is enabled by new technologies, particularly internet connectivity. The focus of most current research on this topic is in the for-profit domain, i.e. organizations willing (and able) to pay large sums to source innovation externally, for instance through innovation contests. Our research is testing the applicability of Crowdsourcing and some techniques from Open Innovation to the scientific method and basic science in a non-profit environment (e.g., a traditional research university). If the tools are found to be useful, this may significantly change how some research tasks are conducted: While large, apriori unknown crowds of “irrational agents” (i.e. humans) are used to support scientists (and teams thereof) in several research tasks through the internet, the usefulness and robustness of these interactions as well as scientifically important factors like quality and validity of research results are tested in a systematic manner. The research is highly interdisciplinary and is done in collaboration with scientists from sociology, psychology, management science, economics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. After a pre-study, extensive data collection has been conducted and the data is currently being analyzed. The paper presents ideas and hypotheses and opens the discussion for further input. |
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1877-0509 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6434 |
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Stenglein, J.L.; Waits, L.P.; Ausband, D.E.; Zager, P.; Mack, C.M. |
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Estimating gray wolf pack size and family relationships using non invasive genetic sampling at rendezvous sites |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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J Mammal |
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92 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Stenglein2011 |
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6476 |
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