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Author Passilongo, D.; Buccianti, A.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Gazzola, A.; Zaccaronii, M.; Apollonio, M. openurl 
  Title The Acoustic Structure Of Wolf Howls In Some Eastern Tuscany (Central Italy) Free Ranging Packs Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2010 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal Bioacoustics  
  Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 159-175  
  Keywords Canis lupus, acoustic structure, mammal communication, sonogram, fundamental frequency.  
  Abstract Italian wolf howls are described for the first time from observations between 2003–2008 of a population living in eastern Tuscany, central Italy. A sample of 37 howls selected among single responses and 128 howls included in the choruses of 7 free ranging packs was recorded and analysed. The mean fundamental frequency of the howls ranged between 274–908 Hz. Two main structures recognised by means of multivariate explorative analysis, in particular Principal Component and Cluster Analysis, were ascribed to breaking and flat howls. Discriminant Function Analysis was applied to the recognised groups with the aim to find a general rule for classification. Howls with different features were correctly assigned to the groups obtained by explorative analysis in 95.8% of cases. The analysis of the variables characterising the structure of the howls suggests that maximum frequency and range of fundamental frequency are the most important parameters for classification, while duration does not appear to play any significant role.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6499  
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Author Gehring, T.M.; VerCauteren, K.C.; Provost, M.L.; Cellar, A.C. url  openurl
  Title Utility of livestock-protection dogs for deterring wildlife from cattle farms Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2010 Publication Wildl. Res. Abbreviated Journal Wildl. Res.  
  Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 715-721  
  Keywords bovine tuberculosis, coyote, grey wolf, livestock protection dog, mesopredators, white-tailed deer, wildlife damage management.  
  Abstract Context. Livestock producers worldwide are negatively affected by livestock losses because of predators and wildlife-transmitted diseases. In the western Great Lakes Region of the United States, this conflict has increased as grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have served as a wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis).Aims. We conducted field experiments on cattle farms to evaluate the effectiveness of livestock-protection dogs (LPDs) for excluding wolves, coyotes (C. latrans), white-tailed deer and mesopredators from livestock pastures.Methods. We integrated LPDs on six cattle farms (treatment) and monitored wildlife use with tracking swaths on these farms, concurrent with three control cattle farms during 2005-2008. The amount of time deer spent in livestock pastures was recorded using direct observation.Key results. Livestock pastures protected by LPDs had reduced use by these wildlife compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs. White-tailed deer spent less time in livestock pastures protected by LPDs compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs.Conclusions. Our research supports the theory that LPDs can be an effective management tool for reducing predation and disease transmission. We also demonstrate that LPDs are not limited to being used only with sheep and goats; they can also be used to protect cattle.Implications. On the basis of our findings, we support the use of LPDs as a proactive management tool that producers can implement to minimise the threat of livestock depredations and transmission of disease from wildlife to livestock. LPDs should be investigated further as a more general conservation tool for protecting valuable wildlife, such as ground-nesting birds, that use livestock pastures and are affected by predators that use these pastures.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6575  
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Author Chaplin, S.J.; Gretgrix, L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effect of housing conditions on activity and lying behaviour of horses Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal animal  
  Volume 4 Issue 5 Pages 792-795  
  Keywords lying, behaviour, activity, equine, housing  
  Abstract Housing conditions for horses impose various levels of confinement, which may compromise welfare. Lying behaviour and activity can be used as welfare indicators for domestic animals and rebound behaviour suggests a build-up of motivation resulting from deprivation. The objective of this study was to determine if activity and lying behaviour of horses are affected by housing conditions and to investigate the occurrence of rebound behaviour after release from confinement. Eight horses were subjected, in pairs, to each of four experimental treatments; paddock (P), fully stabled (FS), partly stabled (PS) and yard (Y). Each horse received 6 days acclimatisation prior to the 24 h recording period. Time spent in lying and activity were electronically recorded using a tilt switch and motion sensor connected to a data logger worn on the horse's left foreleg. Time spent active during the first 5 min of release from stable to paddock in the PS treatment (days 1 and 5) and at the same time of day in the P treatment was used as a measure of rebound behaviour. Effect of housing conditions on total time spent active was highly significant (FS = 123 s, PS = 158 s, Y = 377 s, P = 779 s, P < 0.001). Housing conditions did not significantly affect total time spent lying (P = 0.646). Horses were significantly more active, compared with baseline paddock behaviour, on release from stabling on both days 1 (P = 0.006) and 5 (P = 0.025) of PS treatment. These results suggest that activity patterns of horses, but not lying behaviour, are affected by the housing conditions tested and that rebound activity occurs in horses after a period of confinement.  
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  Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition 2010/01/21  
  ISSN 1751-7311 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6603  
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Author Bergmüller, R.; Taborsky, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Animal personality due to social niche specialisation Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2010 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 25 Issue 9 Pages 504-511  
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  Abstract The existence of 'animal personality', i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, is an evolutionary puzzle that has recently generated considerable research interest. Although social factors are generally considered to be important, it is as yet unclear how they might select for personality. Drawing from ecological niche theory, we explore how social conflict and alternative social options can be key factors in the evolution and development of consistent individual differences in behaviour. We discuss how animal personality research might benefit from insights into the study of alternative tactics and illustrate how selection can favour behavioural diversification and consistency due to fitness benefits resulting from conflict reduction among social partners.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6646  
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Author Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Sighieri, C.; Reddon, A.R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Detour behaviour in horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2011 Publication Journal of Ethology Abbreviated Journal J. Ethol.  
  Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 227-234  
  Keywords Detour behaviour; Equus caballus; Horses; Lateralization; Spatial reasoning  
  Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of horses (Equus caballus) to detour around symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. Ten female Italian saddle horses were each used in three detour tasks. In the first task, the ability to detour around a symmetrical obstacle was evaluated; in the second and third tasks subjects were required to perform a detour around an asymmetrical obstacle with two different degrees of asymmetry. The direction chosen to move around the obstacle and time required to make the detour were recorded. The results suggest that horses have the spatial abilities required to perform detour tasks with both symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. The strategy used to perform the task varied between subjects. For five horses, lateralized behaviour was observed when detouring the obstacle; this was consistently in one direction (three on the left and two on the right). For these horses, no evidence of spatial learning or reasoning was found. The other five horses did not solve this task in a lateralized manner, and a trend towards decreasing lateralization was observed as asymmetry, and hence task difficulty, increased. These non-lateralized horses may have higher spatial reasoning abilities.  
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  Publisher Springer Japan Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0289-0771 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5686  
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Author Stenglein, J.L.; Waits, L.P.; Ausband, D.E.; Zager, P.; Mack, C.M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Estimating gray wolf pack size and family relationships using non invasive genetic sampling at rendezvous sites Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2011 Publication J Mammal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 92 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Stenglein2011 Serial 6476  
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Author Core Development Team, R. openurl 
  Title R: a language and environment for statistical computing Type Book Whole
  Year (up) 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher R foundation for statistical computing Place of Publication Vienna, Austria Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Core Development Team2011 Serial 6489  
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Author Marescot, L.; Pradel, R.; Duchamp, C.; Cubaynes, S.; Mrboutin, E.; Choquet, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Capture – recapture population growth rate as a robust tool against detection heterogeneity for population management Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2011 Publication Ecol Appl Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Marescot2011 Serial 6491  
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Author Morgan, T.W.; Elliott, C.L. openurl 
  Title Comparison of remotely-triggered cameras vs. howling surveys for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) Abundance in central Kentucky Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2011 Publication J Ky Acad Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Morgan2011 Serial 6492  
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Author Morand-Ferron, J.; Quinn, J.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Larger groups of passerines are more efficient problem solvers in the wild Type Journal Article
  Year (up) 2011 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA  
  Volume 108 Issue 38 Pages 15898-15903  
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  Abstract Group living commonly helps organisms face challenging environmental conditions. Although a known phenomenon in humans, recent findings suggest that a benefit of group living in animals generally might be increased innovative problem-solving efficiency. This benefit has never been demonstrated in a natural context, however, and the mechanisms underlying improved efficiency are largely unknown. We examined the problem-solving performance of great and blue tits at automated devices and found that efficiency increased with flock size. This relationship held when restricting the analysis to naive individuals, demonstrating that larger groups increased innovation efficiency. In addition to this effect of naive flock size, the presence of at least one experienced bird increased the frequency of solving, and larger flocks were more likely to contain experienced birds. These findings provide empirical evidence for the “pool of competence” hypothesis in nonhuman animals. The probability of success also differed consistently between individuals, a necessary condition for the pool of competence hypothesis. Solvers had a higher probability of success when foraging with a larger number of companions and when using devices located near rather than further from protective tree cover, suggesting a role for reduced predation risk on problem-solving efficiency. In contrast to traditional group living theory, individuals joining larger flocks benefited from a higher seed intake, suggesting that group living facilitated exploitation of a novel food source through improved problem-solving efficiency. Together our results suggest that both ecological and social factors, through reduced predation risk and increased pool of competence, mediate innovation in natural populations.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6539  
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