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Author |
Meadow Rh, U.H. |
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Title |
Equids in the ancient world |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
1986 |
Publication |
Beihefte z Tübinger Atlas d Vorderen Orients Reihe A |
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19/1 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1383 |
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Author |
Cynx, J.; Hulse, S.H.; Polyzois, S. |
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Title |
A psychophysical measure of pitch discrimination loss resulting from a frequency range constraint in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
394-402 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Birds; Cognition; Female; *Generalization, Stimulus; Male; *Pitch Discrimination; Psychoacoustics; Transfer (Psychology) |
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Abstract |
Earlier research (Hulse & Cynx, 1985) revealed that a number of species of songbirds acquired a pitch discrimination between rising and falling sequences in an arbitrarily defined training range of frequencies, but then failed to generalize the discrimination to new frequency ranges--a frequency range constraint. The two experiments here provide a psychophysical estimate of how pitch discrimination deteriorated in one species as sequences were stepped out from the training range. The gradient showing loss of discrimination was much sharper than would have been anticipated by stimulus generalization or the training procedures, and appeared unaffected by the removal of rising and falling frequency information. The frequency range constraint and its psychophysical properties have implications both for the analysis of birdsong and the study of animal cognition. |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:3772303 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2786 |
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Author |
Nelissen, M.H.J. |
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Title |
The effect of tied rank numbers on the linearity of dominance hierarchies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
159-168 |
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Keywords |
dominance hierarchy, linearity, Landau's index, despotism |
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Abstract |
The occurence of tied rank numbers in dominance hierarchies is discussed, especially its effect on the linearity of the hierarchy. This linearity is measured with Landau's index, that is calculated for several hierarchies with tied ranks on one, two of three levels. Linearity is mostly affected by ties in small groups with many ties. A distinction is made between a hierarchy of individuals and hierarchical levels. The phenomenon of despotism is called an extreme case of tied ranks. It is proposed to regard hierarchies with a linearity in a continuous scale. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4285 |
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Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
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Title |
Localization of tones by horses: use of binaural cues and the role of the superior olivary complex |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-103 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Orientation/physiology; Pitch Perception/physiology; Sound Localization/*physiology |
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Abstract |
The ability of horses to use binaural time and intensity difference cues to localize sound was assessed in free-field localization tests by using pure tones. The animals were required to discriminate the locus of a single tone pip ranging in frequency from 250 Hz to 25 kHz emitted by loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of the animals' midline (60 degrees total separation). Three animals were tested with a two-choice procedure; 2 additional animals were tested with a conditioned avoidance procedure. All 5 animals were able to localize 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz but were completely unable to localize 2 kHz and above. Because the frequency of ambiguity for the binaural phase cue delta phi for horses in this test was calculated to be 1.5 kHz, these results indicate that horses can use binaural time differences in the form of delta phi but are unable to use binaural intensity differences. This finding was supported by an unconditioned orientation test involving 4 additional horses, which showed that horses correctly orient to a 500-Hz tone pip but not to an 8-kHz tone pip. Analysis of the superior olivary complex, the brain stem nucleus at which binaural interactions first take place, reveals that the lateral superior olive (LSO) is relatively small in the horse and lacks the laminar arrangement of bipolar cells characteristic of the LSO of most mammals that can use binaural delta I. |
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English |
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0735-7044 |
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Notes |
PMID:3954885 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5634 |
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Author |
Donner, H.D. |
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Title |
Grundausbildung für Reiter und Pferd |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1986 |
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Keywords |
Ausbildung; Dressurreiten; Geländereiten; Grundausbildung; Pferd; Pferdesport; Reiten; Reitsport; Sportausrüstung; Springreiten |
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Abstract |
Verf. gibt einen Ueberblick ueber: 1) Grundausbildung des Reiters: a) Vorbedingungen fuer eine erfolgreiche Ausbildung, b) Sitz und Sitzschulung, c) Einwirkung des Reiters, d) Reiten von Grunduebungen und Dressurlektionen, e) Springausbildung, f) Gelaendereiten sowie 2) Grundausbildung des Pferdes: a) Grundkenntnisse fuer den Ausbilder ueber Charakter und Wesen des Pferdes, Grundsaetze und Erziehung, anatomisch-physiologische Voraussetzungen, b) Allgemeine Grundausbildung, c) Grundausbildung im Springen und im Gelaende, d) Arbeit mit Pferden mit Gebaeude- und Temperamentsfehlern. Schiffer |
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FN-Verl. d. Dt. Reiterlichen Vereinigung |
Place of Publication |
Warendorf |
Editor |
Donner, H.D.; Specht, D. |
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deu |
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Edition |
25. Aufl. |
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9783885421740 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Pu198801031394 |
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5972 |
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Author |
Blakeman, N.E.; Friend, T.H. |
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Title |
Visual discrimination at varying distances in Spanish goats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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Volume |
16 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blakeman1986 |
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6251 |
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Author |
Terrace, H.S. |
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Title |
Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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325 |
Issue |
7000 |
Pages |
149-151 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Feedback; Learning/*physiology; Male |
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Abstract |
A basic principle of human memory is that lists that can be organized into memorable 'chunks' are easier to remember. Memory span is limited to a roughly constant number of chunks and is to a large extent independent of the amount of informaton contained in each chunk. Depending on the ingenuity of the code used to integrate discrete items into chunks, one can substantially increase the number of items that can be recalled correctly. Newly developed paradigms for studying memory in non-verbal organisms allow comparison of the abilities of human and non-human subjects to memorize lists. Here I present two types of evidence that pigeons 'chunk' 5-element lists whose components (colours and achromatic geometric forms) are clustered into distinct groups. Those lists were learned twice as rapidly as a homogeneous list of colours or heterogeneous lists in which the elements are not clustered. The pigeons were also tested for knowledge of the order of two elements drawn from the 5-element lists. They responded in the correct order only to those subsets that contained a chunk boundary. Thus chunking can be studied profitably in animal subjects; the cognitive processes that allow an organism to form chunks do no presuppose linguistic competence. |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:3808071 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2792 |
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Author |
Lisa Nash, H.; Song, G.K.; Price, E.O. |
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Title |
Head partitions facilitate feeding by subordinate horses in the presence of dominant pen-mates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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19 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
179-182 |
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The purpose of the following study was to determine if head partitions would facilitate feeding by subordinate horses in the presence of dominant pen-mates. Six pairs of mares, each with established dominant-subordinate relationships, were allowed to compete for feed in a 112-cm trough following 24 h of deprivation. Time spent feeding by each mare in each pair was recorded with a wire-mesh partition, a solid plywood partition or no partition dividing the trough. Differences in feeding times between dominant and subordinate mares were greatest in the absence of a partition and least (P<0.05) with the wire barrier in place. Differences in feeding times with the solid plywood barrier were not significantly different from either of the other treatment conditions. It was concluded that head partitions on a trough facilitate feeding by subordinate horses in the presence of dominant pen-mates and thus provide a more equitable distribution of food resources. |
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ISSN |
0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5411 |
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Author |
Gouzoules, S.; Gouzoules, H. |
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Title |
Kinship |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Primate societies |
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299-305 |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
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Smuts, B. B.; Cheney, D. L.; Seyfarth, R. M.; Wrangham, R. W.; Struhsaker T. T |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5430 |
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Author |
Siegel, H.S. |
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Title |
Effects of behavioural and physical stressors on immune responses. |
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1987 |
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Biology of Stress in Farm Animals |
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Martinus Nijhoff |
Place of Publication |
London |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5994 |
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