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	Author	Araba, B.D.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.
	Title	Dominance relationships and aggression of foals (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	41	Issue	1-2	Pages	1-25
	Keywords	aggression; dominance; horse; Equus caballus
	Abstract	Studied a herd of 15 Belgian brood-mares and 10 foals. Specific aspects of social structure studied were dominance-subordinance relationships, preferred associates, social spacing, aggression rates, the frequency of aggressions administered down the dominance hierarchy, and interactive play bouts. The rank order of the foals, both before and after weaning, was positively correlated with the rank order of their dams. There was also a significant relationship between a foal's rank and its total aggression or aggression rate per subordinate post-weaning. Higher ranking foals had higher rates of aggression. Over 80% of threats were directed down the dominance hierachy. The play-rank order of the foals, scored by the number of times foal left a play bout, was not significantly correlated with the rank order as scored by agonistic interactions. -from Authors
	Address	Dept Anatomy and Radiology, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	01681591 (Issn)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	790
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	Author	Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A.
	Title	Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	48	Issue	2	Pages	393-400
	Keywords
	Abstract	Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	873
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	Author	Boyd, L.; Houpt, K..A.
	Title	Przewalski's Horse. The History and Biology of an Endangered Species			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	SUNY Press
	Volume		Issue		Pages	313
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	SUNY Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9780791418895	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	971
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	Author	Feh, C .; BOLDSUKH, T.; TOURENQ, C.
	Title	*Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian Kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie)*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Revue d´ écologie (Terre et Vie)	Abbreviated Journal	Rev Ecol (Terre Vie)
	Volume	49	Issue		Pages	11-20
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1083
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	Author	Huber W,
	Title	Dokumentation der fünf bekannten Lebendaufnahmen vom Quagga,Equus quagga quagga Gmelin, 1788 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Spixiana 17
	Volume		Issue		Pages	193-199
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1208
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	Author	Ishida, N.; Hirano, T.; Mukoyama, H.
	Title	Detection of aberrant alleles in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Animal Genetics	Abbreviated Journal	Anim Genet
	Volume	25	Issue	4	Pages	287
	Keywords	Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency; Genomic Imprinting; Horses/genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; Polymorphism, Genetic
	Abstract
	Address	Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-9146	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7985852			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2213
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	Author	Macfadden, B.J.
	Title	Fossil horses Cambridge Univ Press			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Synopsis The family Equidae have an extensive fossil record spanning the last 58 million years, and the evolution of the horse has frequently been used as a classic example of long-term evolution. In recent years, however, there have been many important discoveries of fossil horses, and these, in conjunction with such new methods as cladistics, and techniques like precise geochronology, have allowed us to achieve a much greater understanding of the evolution and biology of this important group. This book synthesizes the large body of data and research relevant to an understanding of fossil horses from several disciplines including biology, geology and palaeontology. Using horses as the central theme, the author weaves together in the text such topics as modern geochronology, palaeobiogeography, climate change, evolution and extinction, functional morphology, and population biology during the Cenozoic period.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0521477086	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1360
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	Author	Rubenstein, D. I.
	Title	The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1994	Publication	Animal Societies	Abbreviated Journal	Animal Societies
	Volume		Issue		Pages	13-28
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Kyoto University Press	Place of Publication		Editor	Jarman, P.J.;, Rositter, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	4-87698-014-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1528
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	Author	Stevens,J.A.
	Title	Zebras in Turmoil			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	International Wildlife	Abbreviated Journal	Int Wildl
	Volume	24	Issue		Pages	4-12
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0020-9112	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1633
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	Author	McComb, K.; Clutton-Brock, T.
	Title	Is mate choice copying or aggregation responsible for skewed distributions of females on leks?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society	Abbreviated Journal	Proc Biol Sci
	Volume	255	Issue	1342	Pages	13-19
	Keywords	Animals; Deer/physiology; Estrus/physiology; Female; Male; Phenotype; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology; Territoriality
	Abstract	In several lek-breeding populations of birds and mammals, females arriving on leks tend to join males that already have females in their territories. This might occur either because females have an evolved preference for mating with males that are attractive to other females, or because they join groups of other females to obtain greater safety from predation or dangerous harassment by males. We have previously used controlled experiments to show that oestrous fallow deer females join males with established harems because they are attracted to female groups rather than to the males themselves. Here we demonstrate that the preference for males with females over males without females is specific to oestrous females and weak or absent in anoestrous ones, and that it is not associated with a preference for mating with males that have previously been seen to mate with other females. Furthermore, oestrous females given the choice between males that do not already have females with them show no significant preference for antlered over deantlered males or for older males over younger ones. We conclude that female attraction to other females on the lek is likely to be an adaptation to avoiding harassment in mixed-sex herds. In this situation, a male's ability to maintain the cohesion of his harem may be the principal cause of variation in mating success between males.
	Address	Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, U.K
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0962-8452	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8153135			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1823
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