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| Author | Rogers, A.R. | ||||
| Title | Does Biology Constrain Culture? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year  |
1988 | Publication | American Anthropologist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Anthropol |
| Volume | 90 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 819-831 |
| Keywords | models, learning, evolution, culture, fitness, adaptive, environment, human, natural selection, behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Most social scientists would agree that the capacity for human culture was probably fashioned by natural selection, but they disagree about the implications of this supposition. Some believe that natural selection imposes important constraints on the ways in which culture can vary, while others believe that any such constraints must be negligible. This article employs a “thought experiment” to demonstrate that neither of these positions can be justified by appeal to general properties of culture or of evolution. Natural selection can produce mechanisms of cultural transmission that are neither adaptive nor consistent with the predictions of acultural evolutionary models (those ignoring cultural evolution). On the other hand, natural selection can also produce mechanisms of cultural transmission that are highly consistent with acultural models. Thus, neither side of the sociobiology debate is justified in dismissing the arguments of the other. Natural selection may impose significant constraints on some human behaviors, but negligible constraints on others. Models of simultaneous genetic/cultural evolution will be useful in identifying domains in which acultural evolutionary models are, and are not, likely to be useful. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ citeulike:907484 | Serial | 4199 | ||
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| Author | Dugatkin, L.A.; Mesterton-Gibbons, M. | ||||
| Title | Cooperation among unrelated individuals: reciprocal altruism, by-product mutualism and group selection in fishes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1996 | Publication | Biosystems | Abbreviated Journal | Biosystems |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 19-30 |
| Keywords | By-product mutualism; Cooperative behavior; Fish; Reciprocal altruism; Trait-group selection | ||||
| Abstract | Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve not only via reciprocal altruism but also via trait-group selection or by-product mutualism (or some combination of all three categories). Therefore the (iterated) prisoner's dilemma is an insufficient paradigm for studying the evolution of cooperation. We replace this game by the cooperator's dilemma, which is more versatile because it enables all three categories of cooperative behavior to be examined within the framework of a single theory. Controlled studies of cooperation among fish provide examples of each category of cooperation. Specifically, we describe reciprocal altruism among simultaneous hermaphrodites that swap egg parcels, group-selected cooperation among fish that inspect dangerous predators and by-product mutualism in the cooperative foraging of coral-reef fish. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 481 | ||
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| Author | Penn, D.; Potts, W.K. | ||||
| Title | Untrained mice discriminate MHC-determined odors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1998 | Publication | Physiology & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 64 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 235-243 |
| Keywords | Major histocompatibility complex; Pheromones; Olfaction; Kin recognition; Sexual selection | ||||
| Abstract | PENN, D. AND W. K. POTTS. Untrained mice distinguish MHC-determined odors. PHYSIOL BEHAV 64(3) 235-243, 1998.--Immune recognition occurs when foreign antigens are presented to T-lymphocytes by molecules encoded by the highly polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). House mice (Mus musculus) prefer to mate with individuals that have dissimilar MHC genes. Numerous studies indicate that mice recognize MHC identity through chemosensory cues; however, it is unclear whether odor is determined by classical, antigen-presenting MHC loci or closely linked genes. Previous studies have relied on training laboratory mice and rats to distinguish MHC-associated odors, but there are several reasons why training experiments may be inappropriate assays for testing if MHC genes affect odor. The aim of this study was to determine whether classical MHC genes affect individual odors and whether wild-derived mice can detect MHC-associated odors without training. In the first experiment, we found that wild-derived mice can be trained in a Y-maze to detect the odors of mice that differ genetically only in the MHC region. In the second and third experiments, we used a naturalistic habituation assay and found that wild-derived mice can, without training, distinguish the odors of mice that differ genetically only at one classical MHC locus (dm2 mutants). | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4418 | ||
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| Author | Potts, R. | ||||
| Title | Variability selection in hominid evolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1998 | Publication | Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Anthropol. |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 81-96 |
| Keywords | variability selection; hominids; environment; adaptation; natural selection; evolution | ||||
| Abstract | Variability selection (abbreviated as VS) is a process considered to link adaptive change to large degrees of environment variability. Its application to hominid evolution is based, in part, on the pronounced rise in environmental remodeling that took place over the past several million years. The VS hypothesis differs from prior views of hominid evolution, which stress the consistent selective effects associated with specific habitats or directional trends (e.g., woodland, savanna expansion, cooling). According to the VS hypothesis, wide fluctuations over time created a growing disparity in adaptive conditions. Inconsistency in selection eventually caused habitat-specific adaptations to be replaced by structures and behaviors responsive to complex environmental change. Key hominid adaptations, in fact, emerged during times of heightened variability. Early bipedality, encephalized brains, and complex human sociality appear to signify a sequence of VS adaptations—i.e., a ratcheting up of versatility and responsiveness to novel environments experienced over the past 6 million years. The adaptive results of VS cannot be extrapolated from selection within a single environmental shift or relatively stable habitat. If some complex traits indeed require disparities in adaptive setting (and relative fitness) in order to evolve, the VS idea counters the prevailing view that adaptive change necessitates long-term, directional consistency in selection. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1520-6505 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5461 | ||
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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2001 | Publication | Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation | Abbreviated Journal | Nebr Symp Motiv |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | Pages | 145-177 | |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Biological; Animals; *Evolution; Family; Female; Haplorhini; Male; Memory; Primates; *Selection (Genetics); *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; *Social Perception | ||||
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| Address | University of Pennsylvania, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0146-7875 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11759347 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 345 | ||
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| Author | McLean, A.N. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive abilities -- the result of selective pressures on food acquisition? | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2001 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 71 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 241-258 |
| Keywords | Adaptive intelligence; Animal cognition; Darwinian selection; Insightful learning | ||||
| Abstract | Locating and capturing food are suggested as significant selection pressures for the evolution of various cognitive abilities in mammals and birds. The hypothesis is proposed that aspects of food procuring behaviour should be strongly indicative of particular cognitive abilities. Experimental data concerning higher mental abilities in mammals and birds are reviewed. These data deal with self-recognition studies, rule-learning experiments, number concept, deceptive abilities, tool-use and observational learning. A Darwinian approach reveals: (1) the adaptiveness of particular abilities for particular niches, (2) that in complex foraging environments, increases in foraging efficiencies in animals should result from the evolution of particular cognitive abilities, (3) that phenomena such as convergent mental evolution should be expected to have taken place across taxonomic groups for species exploiting similar niches, (4) that divergence in mental ability should also have taken place where related species have exploited dissimilar niches. Experimental data of higher mental abilities in animals concur with a Darwinian explanation for the distribution of these cognitive abilities and no anomalies have been found. There are, as a consequence, significant implications for the welfare of animals subject to training when training methodology gives little or no consideration to the various mental abilities of species. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2907 | ||
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| Author | Ricard, A.; Chanu, I. | ||||
| Title | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competition in France | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2001 | Publication | Genetics, Selection, Evolution. : GSE | Abbreviated Journal | Genet Sel Evol |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-190 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; France; Genotype; Horses/*genetics; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Selection (Genetics); *Sports; Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competitions were estimated. About 13 000 horses, 30 000 annual results during 17 years and 110 000 starts in eventing competitions during 8 years were recorded. The measures of performance were logarithmic transformations of annual earnings, annual earnings per start, and annual earnings per place, and underlying variables responsible for ranks in each competition. Heritabilities were low (0.11 / 0.17 for annual results, 0.07 for ranks). Genetic correlations between criteria were high (greater than 0.90) except between ranks and earnings per place (0.58) or per start (0.67). Genetic correlations between ages (from 5 to 10 years old) were also high (more than 0.85) and allow selection on early performances. The genetic correlation between the results in different levels of competition (high/international and low/amateur) was near 1. Genetic correlations of eventing with other disciplines, which included partial aptitude needed for eventing, were very low for steeplechase races (0.18) and moderate with sport: jumping (0.45), dressage (0.58). The results suggest that selection on jumping performance will lead to some positive correlated response for eventing performance, but much more response could be obtained if a specific breeding objective and selection criteria were developed for eventing. | ||||
| Address | Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Station de genetique quantitative et appliquee, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France. ugenata@dga.inra.fr | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0999-193X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11333833 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3728 | ||
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| Author | Drent, P.J.; van Oers, K.; van Noordwijk, A.J. | ||||
| Title | Realized heritability of personalities in the great tit (Parus major) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2003 | Publication | Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume | 270 | Issue | 1510 | Pages | 45-51 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Exploratory Behavior; Female; *Heredity; Male; Selection (Genetics); Songbirds/*genetics/*physiology; Variation (Genetics) | ||||
| Abstract | Behaviour under conditions of mild stress shows consistent patterns in all vertebrates: exploratory behaviour, boldness, aggressiveness covary in the same way. The existence of highly consistent individual variation in these behavioural strategies, also referred to as personalities or coping styles, allows us to measure the behaviour under standardized conditions on birds bred in captivity, link the standardized measurements to the behaviour under natural conditions and measure natural selection in the field. We have bred the great tit (Parus major), a classical model species for the study of behaviour under natural conditions, in captivity. Here, we report a realized heritability of 54 +/- 5% for early exploratory behaviour, based on four generations of bi-directional artificial selection. In addition to this, we measured hand-reared juveniles and their wild-caught parents in the laboratory. The heritability found in the mid-offspring-mid-parent regression was significantly different from zero. We have thus established the presence of considerable amounts of genetic variation for personality types in a wild bird. | ||||
| Address | Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands. drent@cto.nioo.knaw.nl | ||||
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| ISSN | 0962-8452 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12590770 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 591 | ||
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| Author | Gardner, A., West, S. A. | ||||
| Title | Cooperation and Punishment, Especially in Humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
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2004 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Americ. Natur. |
| Volume | 164 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 753-764 |
| Keywords | kin selection, neighbor-modulated fitness, repression of | ||||
| Abstract | Explaining altruistic cooperation is one of the greatest challenges faced by sociologists, economists, and evolutionary biologists. The problem is determining why an individual would carry out a costly behavior that benefits another. Possible solutions to this problem include kinship, repeated interactions, and policing. Another solution that has recently received much attention is the threat of punishment. However, punishing behavior is often costly for the punisher, and so it is not immediately clear how costly punishment could evolve. We use a direct (neighbor-modulated) fitness approach to analyze when punishment is favored. This methodology reveals that, contrary to previous suggestions, relatedness between interacting individuals is not crucial to explaining cooperation through punishment. In fact, increasing relatedness directly disfavors punishing behavior. Instead, the crucial factor is a positive correlation between the punishment strategy of an individual and the cooperation it receives. This could arise in several ways, such as when facultative adjustment of behavior leads individuals to cooperate more when interacting with individuals who are more likely to punish. More generally, our results provide a clear example of how the fundamental factor driving the evolution of social traits is a correlation between social partners and how this can arise for reasons other than genealogical kinship. |
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| Address | University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 341 | ||
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| Author | Suzuki, Y.; Toquenaga, Y. | ||||
| Title | Effects of information and group structure on evolution of altruism: analysis of two-score model by covariance and contextual analyses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
2005 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 232 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 191-201 |
| Keywords | *Altruism; Analysis of Variance; *Communication; Cooperative Behavior; *Evolution; Game Theory; *Group Structure; Humans; Models, Genetic; Models, Psychological; Selection (Genetics); Trust | ||||
| Abstract | An altruistic individual has to gamble on cooperation to a stranger because it does not know whether the stranger is trustworthy before direct interaction. Nowak and Sigmund (Nature 393 (1998a) 573; J. Theor. Biol. 194 (1998b) 561) presented a new theoretical framework of indirect reciprocal altruism by image scoring game where all individuals are informed about a partner's behavior from its image score without direct interaction. Interestingly, in a simplified version of the image scoring game, the evolutionarily stability condition for altruism became a similar form of Hamilton's rule, i.e. inequality that the probability of getting correct information is more than the ratio of cost to benefit. Since the Hamilton's rule was derived by evolutionarily stable analysis, the evolutionary meaning of the probability of getting correct information has not been clearly examined in terms of kin and group selection. In this study, we applied covariance analysis to the two-score model for deriving the Hamilton's rule. We confirmed that the probability of getting correct information was proportional to the bias of altruistic interactions caused by using information about a partner's image score. The Hamilton's rule was dependent on the number of game bouts even though the information reduced the risk of cooperation to selfish one at the first encounter. In addition, we incorporated group structure to the two-score model to examine whether the probability of getting correct information affect selection for altruism by group selection. We calculated a Hamilton's rule of group selection by contextual analysis. Group selection is very effective when either the probability of getting correct information or that of future interaction, or both are low. The two Hamilton's rules derived by covariance and contextual analyses demonstrated the effects of information and group structure on the evolution of altruism. We inferred that information about a partner's behavior and group structure can produce flexible pathways for the evolution of altruism. | ||||
| Address | Integrative Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Ten-Nou-Dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan. yukari@pe.ies.life.tsukuba.ac.jp | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15530489 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 556 | ||
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