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Author Cruz, H.
Title Towards a Darwinian Approach to Mathematics Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Foundations of Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) 11 Issue Pages 157-196
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3441
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Author Holekamp, K.E.
Title Questioning the social intelligence hypothesis Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends. Cognit. Sci.
Volume (up) 11 Issue 2 Pages 65-69
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Abstract The social intelligence hypothesis posits that complex cognition and enlarged [`]executive brains' evolved in response to challenges that are associated with social complexity. This hypothesis has been well supported, but some recent data are inconsistent with its predictions. It is becoming increasingly clear that multiple selective agents, and non-selective constraints, must have acted to shape cognitive abilities in humans and other animals. The task now is to develop a larger theoretical framework that takes into account both inter-specific differences and similarities in cognition. This new framework should facilitate consideration of how selection pressures that are associated with sociality interact with those that are imposed by non-social forms of environmental complexity, and how both types of functional demands interact with phylogenetic and developmental constraints.
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ISSN 1364-6613 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4795
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Author Brembs, B.; Wiener, J.
Title Context and occasion setting in Drosophila visual learning Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Learn. Mem. Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) 13 Issue 5 Pages 618-628
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Abstract In a permanently changing environment, it is by no means an easy task to distinguish potentially important events from negligible ones. Yet, to survive, every animal has to continuously face that challenge. How does the brain accomplish this feat? Building on previous work in Drosophila melanogaster visual learning, we have developed an experimental methodology in which combinations of visual stimuli (colors and patterns) can be arranged such that the same stimuli can either be directly predictive, indirectly predictive, or nonpredictive of punishment. Varying this relationship, we found that wild-type flies can establish different memory templates for the same contextual color cues. The colors can either leave no trace in the pattern memory template, leading to context-independent pattern memory (context generalization), or be learned as a higher-order cue indicating the nature of the pattern-heat contingency leading to context-dependent memory (occasion setting) or serve as a conditioned stimulus predicting the punishment directly (simple conditioning). In transgenic flies with compromised mushroom-body function, the sensitivity to these subtle variations is altered. Our methodology constitutes a new concept for designing learning experiments. Our findings suggest that the insect mushroom bodies stabilize visual memories against context changes and are not required for cognition-like higher-order learning.
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Notes 10.1101/lm.318606 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2963
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Author Sickler, J.; Fraser, J.; Webler, T.; Reiss, D.; Boyle, P.; Lyn, H.; Lemcke, K.; Gruber, S.
Title Social Narratives Surrounding Dolphins: Q Method Study Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Society and Animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) 14 Issue Pages 351-382
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3431
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Author Biro, D.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Meade, J.; Guilford, T.
Title From Compromise to Leadership in Pigeon Homing Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Current Biology Abbreviated Journal Curr Biol
Volume (up) 16 Issue 21 Pages 2123-2128
Keywords Animal Migration; Animals; Columbidae/*physiology; Decision Making; *Flight, Animal; *Homing Behavior; Models, Biological; Orientation; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance
Abstract Summary A central problem faced by animals traveling in groups is how navigational decisions by group members are integrated, especially when members cannot assess which individuals are best informed or have conflicting information or interests , , , and . Pigeons are now known to recapitulate faithfully their individually distinct habitual routes home , and , and this provides a novel paradigm for investigating collective decisions during flight under varying levels of interindividual conflict. Using high-precision GPS tracking of pairs of pigeons, we found that if conflict between two birds' directional preferences was small, individuals averaged their routes, whereas if conflict rose over a critical threshold, either the pair split or one of the birds became the leader. Modeling such paired decision-making showed that both outcomes--compromise and leadership--could emerge from the same set of simple behavioral rules. Pairs also navigated more efficiently than did the individuals of which they were composed, even though leadership was not necessarily assumed by the more efficient bird. In the context of mass migration of birds and other animals, our results imply that simple self-organizing rules can produce behaviors that improve accuracy in decision-making and thus benefit individuals traveling in groups , and .
Address Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. daro.biro@zoo.ox.ac.uk
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Language Englisch Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0960-9822 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:17084696 Approved no
Call Number Serial 2026
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Author Chappell J
Title Avian cognition: understanding tool use Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Current Biology Abbreviated Journal Curr. Biol.
Volume (up) 16 Issue Pages 244
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3058
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Author Seed AM; Tebbich S; Emery NJ; Clayton NS
Title Investigating physical cognition in rooks (Corvus frugilegus) Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Current Biology Abbreviated Journal Curr. Biol.
Volume (up) 16 Issue 7 Pages 697-701
Keywords Sysneuro
Abstract Summary Although animals (particularly tool-users) are capable of solving physical tasks in the laboratory and the degree to which they understand them in terms of their underlying physical forces is a matter of contention. Here, using a new paradigm, the two-trap tube task, we report the performance of non-tool-using rooks. In contrast to the low success rates of previous studies using trap-tube problems , , and , seven out of eight rooks solved the initial task, and did so rapidly. Instead of the usual, conceptually flawed control, we used a series of novel transfer tasks to test for understanding. All seven transferred their solution across a change in stimuli. However, six out of seven were unable to transfer to two further tasks, which did not share any one visual constant. One female was able to solve these further transfer tasks. Her result is suggestive evidence that rooks are capable of sophisticated physical cognition, if not through an understanding of unobservable forces and , perhaps through rule abstraction. Our results highlight the need to investigate cognitive mechanisms other than causal understanding in studying animal physical cognition.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3076
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Author Byrne, R.W.; Bates, L.A.
Title Why are animals cognitive? Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Current Biology : CB Abbreviated Journal Curr Biol
Volume (up) 16 Issue 12 Pages R445-8
Keywords Animals; Arachnida/physiology; *Association Learning; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Cooperative Behavior; Falconiformes/physiology; Pan troglodytes/physiology; Parrots/physiology; Passeriformes/physiology
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Address Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0960-9822 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:16781995 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4708
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Author Rosell, F.; Sanda, J.I.
Title Potential risks of olfactory signaling: the effect of predators on scent marking by beavers Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume (up) 17 Issue 6 Pages 897-904
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Abstract Mammals scent mark their territories to advertise occupancy and ownership. However, signaling with scent for territorial defense can have a negative effect by advertising an individual's presence and location to predators. In this study, we measured responses to a simulated territorial intrusion by conspecific adult male Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) either in the localized presence or in the absence of odor of a predator to test the hypothesis that the territorial defense of free-living beavers would be disrupted by the presence of predation risk in their natural environment. We predicted that beavers would significantly reduce their willingness to countermark intruder's scent in the presence of the scent of predators (wolf [Canis lupus] and lynx [Lynx lynx]), compared with a control (no odor), as responses are in general stronger to predator scent marks than nonpredator scent. Therefore, we also predicted that the effects of nonpredatory mammal scent (neophobic control) (eland [Taurotragus oryx] and horse [Equus cabalus]) are to be expected somewhere in between the effects of the predator odor and a control. Our results suggest that both predator and nonpredator scents reduce beavers response to a simulated intruder's scent mounds and therefore disrupt their territorial defense. However, predator scent had a stronger effect than nonpredator scent. Beavers may therefore be at great risk on territories with predators present because of the trade-off between predator avoidance and territorial defense. Our study demonstrates the potential of predation risk as a powerful agent of counterselection on olfactory signaling behavior.
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/arl022 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4359
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Author Purpura, G.J.
Title In Search of Human Uniqueness Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Philosophical Psychology Abbreviated Journal
Volume (up) 19 Issue Pages 443-461
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3435
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