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| Author | Gese, E.M.; Ruff, R.L. | ||||
| Title | Howling by coyotes (Canis latrans): variation among social classes, seasons, and pack sizes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Can J Zool | Abbreviated Journal | |
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76 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gese1998 | Serial | 6462 | ||
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| Author | Osman, F.; Zeitler-Feicht, M.; Fink, G. W.; Arnhard, S.; Krüger, K. | ||||
| Title | Überprüfung der lichten Weiten von Gitterstäben in der Pferdehaltung [Analysing demands for the clear widths of lattice bars in horse husbandry] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Landtechnik [Agricultural Engineering] | |
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75 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 24-33 |
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| Abstract | An Gitterstäben, die in der Pferdehaltung an verschiedenen Stellen verwendet werden, können sich Pferde verletzen, wenn sie ihre Köpfe oder ihre Hufe hindurchstecken und nicht zurückziehen können. Um das Verletzungsrisiko zu reduzieren sind lichte Weiten und Materialstärken von Gitterstäben so zu wählen, dass Pferdeköpfe und -hufe entweder nicht zwischen den Freiräumen hindurchpassen oder aber gefahrlos wieder zurückgezogen werden können. Die bisherige Forschung liefert jedoch keine belastbaren Aussagen zu Stababständen (senkrecht und waagerecht), die für Pferde ungefährlich sind. Die in der Praxis verwendeten und in der Literatur empfohlenen Gitterstababstände beruhen auf Erfahrungswerten und technischen Materialeigenschaften. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden Pferdeköpfe und -hufe von insgesamt 480 Pferden (233 Stuten, 204 Wallache und 43 Hengste) von 23 verschiedenen Rassen vermessen, um auf Grundlage der Anatomie der Pferde Aussagen über die Eignung von marktüblichen Stababständen in der Praxis treffen zu können. Es stellte sich heraus, dass bei senkrechten Gitterstäben eine lichte Weite von nicht mehr als 5 cm für alle Pferde ab einem Stockmaß von 110 cm und einem Alter von zwei Jahren als sicher bezeichnet werden kann. Bei waagerechten Gitterstäben erwies sich eine lichte Weite von genau 17 cm als sicher. Dies gilt für alle Pferde ab einem Alter von zwei Jahren oder ab einem Stockmaß von 148 cm. Kritisch sind die lichten Weiten von Panels zu beurteilen. Hier zeigte sich, dass die handelsüblichen Abstände der Gitterstäbe für die meisten Pferde eine erhebliche Gefahr darstellen. Wenn die Pferde beispielsweise versuchen außerhalb der Panels zu fressen und dabei ihren Kopf durch die Gitterstäbe stecken, kann es leicht passieren, dass sie sich mit dem Kopf zwischen den Gitterstäben verklemmen. [At bars, used in various places in horse husbandry, horses can hurt themselves when retracting their heads or hooves after pushing them through the interspaces. In order to reduce the risk of injury, the clear widths and material thicknesses of bars should be chosen so that horse heads and hooves either cannot pass between the spaces or can be retracted safely. However, research to date has not provided any reliable information on bar width (vertical and horizontal) that is safe for horses. Grid bar width used in practice and recommended in the literature is based on empirical values and technical material properties. In this study, heads and hooves of 480 horses (233 mares, 204 geldings and 43 stallions) of 23 breeds were measured for making statements about the suitability of standard bar width, when considering the anatomy of the horse. It turned out that for vertical bars, an interspace of no more than five centimetres can be considered to be safe for all horses of a height of 110 centimetres and an age of two years and more. With horizontal lattice bars, a clear width of exactly 17 centimetres proved to be safe. This applies to all horses of a height of 148 centimetres and an age of two years or more. The clear widths of panels must be considered critical for horse welfare. When horses, for example, try to eat outside the panels and put their head through the bars, they may get stuck.] |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6595 | ||
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| Author | Szabó, L.; Heltai, M.; Szucs, E.; Lanszki, J.; Lehoczki, R. | ||||
| Title | Expansion range of the golden jackal in Hungary between 1997 and 2006 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Mammalia | Abbreviated Journal | |
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73 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Szabó2009 | Serial | 6461 | ||
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| Author | Morgan, T.W.; Elliott, C.L. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of remotely-triggered cameras vs. howling surveys for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) Abundance in central Kentucky | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | J Ky Acad Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
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72 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Morgan2011 | Serial | 6492 | ||
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| Author | Lonsdorf, E.V. | ||||
| Title | Sex differences in the development of termite-fishing skills in the wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, of Gombe National Park, Tanzania | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
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70 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 673-683 |
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| Abstract | By the age of 5.5 years, all of the young chimpanzees of Gombe National Park have acquired a skill known as 'termite fishing'. Termite fishing involves inserting a flexible tool made from vegetation into a termite mound and extracting the termites that attack and cling to the tool. Although tool use is a well-known phenomenon in chimpanzees, little is known about how such skills develop in the wild. Prior studies have found adult sex differences in frequency, duration and efficiency of tool-using tasks, with females scoring higher on all measures. To investigate whether these sex differences occurred in youngsters, I performed a 4-year longitudinal field study during which I observed and videotaped young chimpanzees' development of the termite-fishing behaviour. Critical elements of the skill included identifying a hole, making a tool, inserting a tool into a hole and extracting termites. These elements appeared in the same order during the development of all subjects, but females typically peaked at least a year earlier than males in their performance of the skills that precede termite fishing. In addition, young females successfully termite-fished an average of 27 months earlier than young males and were more proficient at the skill after acquisition had occurred. Furthermore, the techniques of female offspring closely resembled those of their mothers whereas the techniques of male offspring did not, suggesting that the process by which termite fishing is learned differs for male and female chimpanzees. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6536 | ||
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| Author | Boissy, A. | ||||
| Title | Fear and Fearfulness in Animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The Quarterly Review of Biology | Abbreviated Journal | The Quarterly Review of Biology |
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70 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 165-191 |
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| Abstract | Persistence of individual differences in animal behavior in reactions to various environmental challenges could reflect basic divergences in temperament, which might be used to predict details of adaptive response. Although studies have been carried out on fear and anxiety in various species, including laboratory, domestic and wild animals, no consistent definition of fearfulness as a basic trait of temperament has emerged. After a classification of the events that may produce a state of fear, this article describes the great variability in behavior and in physiological patterns generally associated with emotional reactivity. The difficulties of proposing fearfulness-the general capacity to react to a variety of potentially threatening situations-as a valid basic internal variable are then discussed. Although there are many studies showing covariation among the psychobiological responses to different environmental challenges, other studies find no such correlations and raise doubts about the interpretation of fearfulness as a basic personality trait. After a critical assessment of methodologies used in fear and anxiety studies, it is suggested that discrepancies among results are mainly due to the modulation of emotional responses in animals, which depend on numerous genetic and epigenetic factors. It is difficult to compare results obtained by different methods from animals reared under various conditions and with different genetic origins. The concept of fearfulness as an inner trait is best supported by two kinds of investigations. First, an experimental approach combining ethology and experimental psychology produces undeniable indicators of emotional reactivity. Second, genetic lines selected for psychobiological traits prove useful in establishing between behavioral and neuroendocrine aspects of emotional reactivity. It is suggested that fearfulness could be considered a basic feature of the temperament of each individual, one that predisposes it to respond similarly to a variety of potentially alarming challenges, but is nevertheless continually modulated during development by the interaction of genetic traits of reactivity with environmental factors, particularly in the juvenile period. Such interaction may explain much of the interindividual variability observed in adaptive responses. | ||||
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| Publisher | The University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0033-5770 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1086/418981 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6664 | ||
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| Author | Gazzola, A.; Avanzinelli, E.; Mauri, L.; Scandura, M.; Apollonio, M. | ||||
| Title | Temporal changes of howling in south European wolf packs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Ital J Zool | Abbreviated Journal | |
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69 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gazzola2002 | Serial | 6495 | ||
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| Author | Harrington, F.H.; Mech, L.D. | ||||
| Title | Wolf howling and its role in territory maintenance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
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68 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harrington1979 | Serial | 6455 | ||
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| Author | Harris, F. | ||||
| Title | On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Proc IEEE | Abbreviated Journal | |
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66 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harris1978 | Serial | 6486 | ||
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| Author | Mori, E.; Benatti, L.; Lovari, S.; Ferretti, F. | ||||
| Title | What does the wild boar mean to the wolf? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | European Journal of Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
63 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 9 |
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| Abstract | Generalist predators are expected to shape their diets according to the local availability of prey species. In turn, the extent of consumption of a prey would be influenced by the number of alternative prey species. We have tested this prediction by considering the wild boar and the grey wolf: two widespread species whose distribution ranges overlap largely in Southern Europe, e.g. in Italy. We have reviewed 16 studies from a total of 21 study areas, to assess whether the absolute frequency of occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet was influenced by (i) occurrence of the other ungulate species in diet and (ii) the number of available ungulate species. Wild boar turned out to be the main prey of the wolf (49% occurrence, on average), followed by roe deer (24%) and livestock (18%). Occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet decreased with increasing usage of roe deer, livestock, and to a lower extent, chamois and red deer. The number of prey species did not influence the occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet. The wild boar is a gregarious, noisy and often locally abundant ungulate, thus easily detectable, to a predator. In turn, the extent of predation on this ungulate may not be influenced so much by the availability of other potential prey. Heavy artificial reductions of wild boar numbers, e.g. through numerical control, may concentrate predation by wolves on alternative prey (e.g. roe deer) and/or livestock, thus increasing conflicts with human activities. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1439-0574 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Mori2016 | Serial | 6689 | ||
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