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Author Baker, K.C.; Seres, E.; Aureli, F.; De Waal, F.B. doi  openurl
  Title Injury risks among chimpanzees in three housing conditions Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication American journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Am. J. Primatol.  
  Volume (up) 51 Issue 3 Pages 161-175  
  Keywords Aggression; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Female; *Housing, Animal; Male; *Pan troglodytes; Risk Assessment; Wounds and Injuries/*veterinary  
  Abstract Meeting the psychological needs of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) can be a challenge given their aggressiveness on the one hand and the complexity of their social lives on the other. It is unclear how to balance the need to provide opportunities for species-appropriate behavior against potential risks of injury chimpanzees may inflict on each other. This study evaluates the suggestion that simpler social environments protect chimpanzees from wounding. Over a two-year period all visible injuries to 46 adult males, 64 adult females, and 25 immature chimpanzees were recorded at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center. Approximately half of the subjects were mother-reared, and the rest were nursery-reared. Housing included compounds containing about 20 chimpanzees, interconnected indoor-outdoor runs for groups of up to 12 individuals, and smaller indoor-outdoor runs for pairs and trios. Annual wounding rates were calculated for serious wounds (extensive injuries and all those requiring veterinary intervention) as well as for minor wounds. Compound-housed chimpanzees incurred the highest level of minor wounding, but serious wounding levels were not affected by housing condition. Even with a period of dominance instability and elevated levels of wounding in one compound, compound chimpanzees were not injured more than those in smaller social groups over the long term. Nursery-reared females in moderate-sized groups were wounded more than mother-reared females. Also, nursery-reared males and females were wounded less often when paired with mother-reared companions. Overall, this study indicates that maintaining chimpanzees in pairs and trios would not be an effective means for reducing injuries. The management of wounding in chimpanzee colonies is influenced more by the sex and rearing composition of a colony.  
  Address Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. kateb@rmy.emory.edu  
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  ISSN 0275-2565 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10902665 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 188  
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Author Le Pendu, Y.; Guilhem, C.; Briedermann, L.; Maublanc, M.-L.; Gerard, J.-F. url  openurl
  Title Interactions and associations between age and sex classes in mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini) during winter Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (up) 52 Issue 2-3 Pages 97-107  
  Keywords Group composition; Interactive behaviour; Sexual segregation; Social organisation; Ungulate; Wild sheep  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4248  
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Author Mrabet, O.; Es-Salah, Z.; Telhiq, A.; Aubert, A.; Liege, S.; Choulli, K.; Neveu, P.J. openurl 
  Title Influence of gender and behavioural lateralisation on two exploratory models of anxiety in C3H mice Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal Behav Processes  
  Volume (up) 52 Issue 1 Pages 35-42  
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  Abstract Behavioural lateralisation, which has been postulated to be an individual personality trait, is related to the activity of various physiological systems including the immune system. As lateralisation has been related to anxiety, which is known to influence immune reactivity, it can be hypothesized that the relation between lateralisation and immune reactivity involves individual behavioural patterns as they appear in exploratory-based anxiety models. In order to answer this question, a behavioural investigation focussing on exploratory activity was undertaken in male and female C3H mice previously selected for their paw preference. The observations were performed using two generic paradigms: elevated plus-maze and open field. Exploratory behaviour in the open field, but not in the plus-maze, was influenced by the interactive effect of gender and behavioural lateralisation. A significant difference between male and female mice was found in left-pawed but not in right-pawed nor ambidextrous animals, left-pawed female mice displaying the less exploratory behaviours. These results provide a first evidence of inter-individual variations in exploratory behaviours involving interaction between gender and lateralisation.  
  Address U.F.R. des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco  
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  ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11011107 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4149  
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Author Pichardo, M. openurl 
  Title Valsequillo biostratigraphy. III: Equid ecospecies in Paleoindian sites Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur Abbreviated Journal Anthropol Anz  
  Volume (up) 58 Issue 3 Pages 275-298  
  Keywords Animals; *Ecology; Horses/*classification; Mexico; *Paleodontology; Species Specificity  
  Abstract Greater precision in North American Pleistocene equid taxonomy makes it now possible to exploit the ubiquitous horse remains in Paleoindian sites as ecological index-fossils. The horses of Central Mexico and the Southern Plains can be sorted by tooth size alone, except for two rare large horses of the Southern Plains. The species endemic to these grasslands and south to Central Mexico are Equus pacificus (large), E. conversidens (small), E. francisci (smallest). The Southern Plains were also occupied by a specialized grazer E. excelsus (Burnet and Sandia caves) and E. occidentalis (Dry and Sandia caves). West of the Rocky Mountains E. occidentalis was dominant. East of the Mississippi River two woodland species are found: E. fraternus and E. littoralis.  
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  ISSN 0003-5548 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11082786 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2648  
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Author WAYNE L. LINKLATER & ELISSA Z. CAMERON url  doi
openurl 
  Title Distinguishing cooperation from cohabitation: the feral horse case Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 59 Issue Pages F17-F21  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 514  
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Author Hare, B.; Call, J.; Agnetta, B.; Tomasello, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not see Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 59 Issue 4 Pages 771-785  
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  Abstract We report a series of experiments on social problem solving in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a subordinate and a dominant individual were put into competition over two pieces of food. In all experiments dominants obtained virtually all of the foods to which they had good visual and physical access. However, subordinates were successful quite often in three situations in which they had better visual access to the food than the dominant, for example, when the food was positioned so that only the subordinate (and not the dominant) could see it. In some cases, the subordinate might have been monitoring the behaviour of the dominant directly and simply avoided the food that the dominant was moving towards (which just happened to be the one it could see). In other cases, however, we ruled out this possibility by giving subordinates a small headstart and forcing them to make their choice (to go to the food that both competitors could see, or the food that only they could see) before the dominant was released into the area. Together with other recent studies, the present investigation suggests that chimpanzees know what conspecifics can and cannot see, and, furthermore, that they use this knowledge to devise effective social-cognitive strategies in naturally occurring food competition situations.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 585  
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Author Hemelrijk, C.K. url  doi
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  Title Towards the integration of social dominance and spatial structure Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 59 Issue 5 Pages 1035-1048  
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  Abstract My aim was to show how individual-oriented (or artificial life) models may provide an integrative background for the development of theories about dominance by including effects of spatial structure. Dominance interactions are thought to serve two different, contrasting functions: acquisition of high rank and reduction of aggression. The model I present consists of a homogeneous virtual world inhabited by artificial agents whose actions are restricted to grouping and dominance interactions in which the effects of winning and losing are self-reinforcing. The two functions are implemented as strategies to initiate dominance interactions and the intensity of aggression and dominance perception (direct or memory based) are varied experimentally. Behaviour is studied by recording the same behavioural units as in real animals. Ranks appear to differentiate more clearly at high than at low intensity of aggression and also more in the case of direct than of memory-based rank perception. Strong differentiation of rank produces a cascade of unexpected effects that differ depending on which function is implemented: for instance, a decline in aggression, spatial centrality of dominants and a correlation between rank and aggression. Insight into the origination of these self-organized patterns leads to new hypotheses for the study of the social behaviour of real animals.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 863  
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Author De Vries, H.; Appleby, M.C. url  doi
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  Title Finding an appropriate order for a hierarchy: a comparison of the I&SI and the BBS methods Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 59 Issue 1 Pages 239-245  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 869  
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Author Reebs S.G. doi  openurl
  Title Can a minority of informed leaders determine the foraging movements of a fish shoal? Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 59 Issue 2 Pages 403-409  
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  Abstract There is no information on whether the daily foraging movements of fish shoals are the result of chance, the collective will of all shoalmates, or the leadership of a few individuals. This study tested the latter possibility. Shoals of 12 golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas, were trained to expect food around midday in one of the brightly lit corners of their tank. They displayed daily food-anticipatory activity by leaving the shady area of their tank and spending more and more time in the food corner up to the normal time of feeding. Past this normal time they remained in the shade, even on test days when no food was delivered. Most of these experienced individuals were then replaced by naive ones. The resulting ratio of experienced:naive fish could be 5:7, 3:9 or 1:11. On their own, na?ve individuals would normally spend the whole day in the shade, but in all tests the experienced individual(s) were able to entrain these more numerous naive fish out of the shade and into the brightly lit food corner at the right time of day. Entrainment was stronger in the 5:7 than in the 1:11 experiment. The test shoals never split up and were always led by the same fish, presumably the experienced individuals. These results indicate that in a strongly gregarious species, such as the golden shiner, a minority of informed individuals can lead a shoal to food, either through social facilitation of foraging movements or by eliciting following behaviour. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2068  
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Author Reebs, S.G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Can a minority of informed leaders determine the foraging movements of a fish shoal? Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume (up) 59 Issue 2 Pages 403-409  
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  Abstract There is no information on whether the daily foraging movements of fish shoals are the result of chance, the collective will of all shoalmates, or the leadership of a few individuals. This study tested the latter possibility. Shoals of 12 golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas, were trained to expect food around midday in one of the brightly lit corners of their tank. They displayed daily food-anticipatory activity by leaving the shady area of their tank and spending more and more time in the food corner up to the normal time of feeding. Past this normal time they remained in the shade, even on test days when no food was delivered. Most of these experienced individuals were then replaced by naïve ones. The resulting ratio of experienced:naïve fish could be 5:7, 3:9 or 1:11. On their own, naïve individuals would normally spend the whole day in the shade, but in all tests the experienced individual(s) were able to entrain these more numerous naïve fish out of the shade and into the brightly lit food corner at the right time of day. Entrainment was stronger in the 5:7 than in the 1:11 experiment. The test shoals never split up and were always led by the same fish, presumably the experienced individuals. These results indicate that in a strongly gregarious species, such as the golden shiner, a minority of informed individuals can lead a shoal to food, either through social facilitation of foraging movements or by eliciting following behaviour.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5255  
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