| Records |
| Author |
Harman, F.S.; Nicol, C.J.; Marin, H.E.; Ward, J.M.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Peters, J.M. |
| Title |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta attenuates colon carcinogenesis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nature medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Med |
Volume  |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
481-483 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Azoxymethane/toxicity; Colonic Neoplasms/etiology/genetics/*prevention & control; Colonic Polyps/etiology/genetics/pathology/prevention & control; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Mutant Strains; Phenotype; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/deficiency/genetics/*physiology; Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*physiology |
| Abstract |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPAR-delta; also known as PPAR-beta) is expressed at high levels in colon tumors, but its contribution to colon cancer is unclear. We examined the role of PPAR-delta in colon carcinogenesis using PPAR-delta-deficient (Ppard(-/-)) mice. In both the Min mutant and chemically induced mouse models, colon polyp formation was significantly greater in mice nullizygous for PPAR-delta. In contrast to previous reports suggesting that activation of PPAR-delta potentiates colon polyp formation, here we show that PPAR-delta attenuates colon carcinogenesis. |
| Address |
Department of Veterinary Science and The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. jmp21@psu.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1078-8956 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15048110 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
77 |
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| Author |
DiGian, K.A.; Friedrich, A.M.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
Discriminative stimuli that follow a delay have added value for pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Psychonomic bulletin & review |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
889-895 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Columbidae; *Cues; *Discrimination (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000) reported that pigeons prefer discriminative stimuli that require greater effort (more pecks) to obtain over those that require less effort. In the present experiment, we examined two variables associated with this phenomenon. First, we asked whether delay of reinforcement, presumably a relatively aversive event similar to effort, would produce similar effects. Second, we asked whether the stimulus preference produced by a prior relatively aversive event depends on its anticipation. Anticipation of delay was accomplished by signaling its occurrence. Results indicated that delays can produce preferences similar to those produced by increased effort, but only if the delays are signaled. |
| Address |
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0044, USA |
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English |
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1069-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15732699 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
226 |
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| Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Weaver, J.E.; Clement, T.S. |
| Title |
Pigeons group time intervals according to their relative duration |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Psychonomic bulletin & review |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
113-117 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Columbidae; *Discrimination (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology); Time Factors; Time Perception |
| Abstract |
In the present research, we asked whether pigeons tended to judge time intervals not only in terms of their absolute value but also relative to a duration from which they must be discriminated (i.e., longer or shorter). Pigeons were trained on two independent temporal discriminations. In one discrimination, sample durations of 2 and 8 sec were associated with, for example, red and green hue comparisons, respectively, and in the other discrimination, sample durations of 4 and 16 sec were associated with vertical and horizontal line comparisons, respectively. If pigeons are trained on a temporal discrimination and tested with intermediate durations, the subjective midpoint typically occurs close to the geometric mean of the two trained values. The 4- and 8-sec values were selected to be the geometric mean of the two values in the other discrimination. When a 4-sec test sample was presented with the comparisons from the 2- and 8-sec discrimination, the pigeons preferred the comparison associated with the shorter sample. Similarly, when an 8-sec test sample was presented with the comparisons from the 4- and 16-sec discrimination, the pigeons preferred the comparison associated with the longer sample. Thus, a relative grouping effect was found. That is, durations that should have produced indifferent choice were influenced by their relative durations (shorter than or longer than the alternative) during training. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0044, USA. zentall@pop.uky.edu |
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1069-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15116995 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
231 |
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| Author |
Brandt, K. |
| Title |
A Language of Their Own: An Interactionist Approach to Human-Horse Communication |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Society and Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
299-316 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
This paper explores the process of human-horse communication using ethnographic data of in-depth interviews and participant observation. Guided by symbolic interactionism, the paper argues that humans and horses co-create a language system by way of the body to facilitate the creation of shared meaning. This research challenges the privileged status of verbal language and suggests that non-verbal communication and language systems of the body have their own unique complexities. This investigation of humanhorse communication offers new possibilities to understand the subjective and intersubjective world of non-verbal language using beings-human and nonhuman alike. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4386 |
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| Author |
Mendl, M.; Paul, E.S. |
| Title |
Consciousness, emotion and animal welfare: insights from cognitive science |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
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Pages |
17-25 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3512 |
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| Author |
Hiby, E.F.; Rooney, N.J.; Bradshaw, J.W.S. |
| Title |
Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Welf. |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-69 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Historically, pet dogs were trained using mainly negative reinforcement or punishment, but positive reinforcement using rewards has recently become more popular. The methods used may have different impacts on the dogs� welfare. We distributed a questionnaire to 364 dog owners in order to examine the relative effectiveness of different training methods and their effects upon a pet dog�s behaviour. When asked how they trained their dog on seven basic tasks, 66% reported using vocal punishment, 12% used physical punishment, 60% praise (social reward), 51% food rewards and 11% play. The owner�s ratings for their dog�s obedience during eight tasks correlated positively with the number of tasks which they trained using rewards (P<0.01), but not using punishment (P=0.5). When asked whether their dog exhibited any of 16 common problematic behaviours, the number of problems reported by the owners correlated with the number of tasks for which their dog was trained using punishment (P<0.001), but not using rewards (P=0.17). Exhibition of problematic behaviours may be indicative of compromised welfare, because such behaviours can be caused byor result ina state of anxiety and may lead to a dog being relinquished or abandoned. Because punishment was associated with an increased incidence of problematic behaviours, we conclude that it may represent a welfare concern without concurrent benefits in obedience. We suggest that positive training methods may be more useful to the pet-owning community. |
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0962-7286 |
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Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hiby:2004:0962-7286:63 |
Serial |
6433 |
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| Author |
Kleiven, J.; Bjerke, T.; Kaltenborn, B.P. |
| Title |
Factors influencing the social acceptability of large carnivore behaviours |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Biodivers Conserv |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kleiven2004 |
Serial |
6447 |
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| Author |
Gould, J.L. |
| Title |
Animal cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
R372-5 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Awareness; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Concept Formation; Decision Making; Instinct; Intelligence/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Species Specificity |
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Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. gould@princeton.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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0960-9822 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:15186759 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4169 |
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| Author |
Naguib, M.; Amrhein, V.; Kunc, H.P. |
| Title |
Effects of territorial intrusions on eavesdropping neighbors: communication networks in nightingales |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1011-1015 |
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| Abstract |
Animal communication often occurs in communication networks in which multiple signalers and receivers are within signaling range of each other. In such networks, individuals can obtain information on the quality and motivation of territorial neighbors by eavesdropping on their signaling interactions. In songbirds, extracting information from interactions involving neighbors is thought to be an important factor in the evolution of strategies of territory defense. In a playback experiment with radio-tagged nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos we here demonstrate that territorial males use their familiar neighbors' performance in a vocal interaction with an unfamiliar intruder as a standard for their own response. Males were attracted by a vocal interaction between their neighbor and a simulated stranger and intruded into the neighbor's territory. The more intensely the neighbor had interacted with playback, the earlier the intrusions were made, indicating that males eavesdropped on the vocal contest involving a neighbor. However, males never intruded when we had simulated by a second playback that the intruder had retreated and sang outside the neighbor's territory. These results suggest that territorial males use their neighbors' singing behavior as an early warning system when territorial integrity is threatened. Simultaneous responses by neighboring males towards unfamiliar rivals are likely to be beneficial to the individuals in maintaining territorial integrity. |
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| Notes |
10.1093/beheco/arh108 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
499 |
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| Author |
Dingemanse, N.J.; de Goede, P. |
| Title |
The relation between dominance and exploratory behavior is context-dependent in wild great tits |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1023-1030 |
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| Abstract |
Individual differences in personality affect behavior in novel or challenging situations. Personality traits may be subject to selection because they affect the ability to dominate others. We investigated whether dominance rank at feeding tables in winter correlated with a heritable personality trait (as measured by exploratory behavior in a novel environment) in a natural population of great tits, Parus major. We provided clumped resources at feeding tables and calculated linear dominance hierarchies on the basis of observations between dyads of color-ringed individuals, and we used an experimental procedure to measure individual exploratory behavior of these birds. We show that fast-exploring territorial males had higher dominance ranks than did slow-exploring territorial males in two out of three samples, and that dominance related negatively to the distance between the site of observation and the territory. In contrast, fast-exploring nonterritorial juveniles had lower dominance ranks than did slow-exploring nonterritorial juveniles, implying that the relation between dominance and personality is context-dependent in the wild. We discuss how these patterns in dominance can explain earlier reported effects of avian personality on natal dispersal and fitness. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5390 |
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