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Author |
Iversen, I.H.; Matsuzawa, T. |
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Title |
Development of interception of moving targets by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in an automated task |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume  |
6 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
169-183 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; Hand/physiology; Motion Perception/*physiology; Movement/physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Spatial Behavior/*physiology; *Task Performance and Analysis; User-Computer Interface; Visual Perception/physiology |
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Abstract |
The experiments investigated how two adult captive chimpanzees learned to navigate in an automated interception task. They had to capture a visual target that moved predictably on a touch monitor. The aim of the study was to determine the learning stages that led to an efficient strategy of intercepting the target. The chimpanzees had prior training in moving a finger on a touch monitor and were exposed to the interception task without any explicit training. With a finger the subject could move a small “ball” at any speed on the screen toward a visual target that moved at a fixed speed either back and forth in a linear path or around the edge of the screen in a rectangular pattern. Initial ball and target locations varied from trial to trial. The subjects received a small fruit reinforcement when they hit the target with the ball. The speed of target movement was increased across training stages up to 38 cm/s. Learning progressed from merely chasing the target to intercepting the target by moving the ball to a point on the screen that coincided with arrival of the target at that point. Performance improvement consisted of reduction in redundancy of the movement path and reduction in the time to target interception. Analysis of the finger's movement path showed that the subjects anticipated the target's movement even before it began to move. Thus, the subjects learned to use the target's initial resting location at trial onset as a predictive signal for where the target would later be when it began moving. During probe trials, where the target unpredictably remained stationary throughout the trial, the subjects first moved the ball in anticipation of expected target movement and then corrected the movement to steer the ball to the resting target. Anticipatory ball movement in probe trials with novel ball and target locations (tested for one subject) showed generalized interception beyond the trained ball and target locations. The experiments illustrate in a laboratory setting the development of a highly complex and adaptive motor performance that resembles navigational skills seen in natural settings where predators intercept the path of moving prey. |
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Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. iiversen@unf.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:12761656 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2567 |
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Author |
Washburn, D.A.; Astur, R.S. |
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Title |
Exploration of virtual mazes by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
161-168 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Choice Behavior/*physiology; Computer Peripherals; Macaca mulatta/*physiology; Male; Maze Learning/*physiology; Space Perception/*physiology; User-Computer Interface |
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Abstract |
A chasm divides the huge corpus of maze studies found in the literature, with animals tested in mazes on the one side and humans tested with mazes on the other. Advances in technology and software have made possible the production and use of virtual mazes, which allow humans to navigate computerized environments and thus for humans and nonhuman animals to be tested in comparable spatial domains. In the present experiment, this comparability is extended even further by examining whether rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) can learn to explore virtual mazes. Four male macaques were trained to manipulate a joystick so as to move through a virtual environment and to locate a computer-generated target. The animals succeeded in learning this task, and located the target even when it was located in novel alleys. The search pattern within the maze for these animals resembled the pattern of maze navigation observed for monkeys that were tested on more traditional two-dimensional computerized mazes. |
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Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. dwashburn@gsu.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:12750961 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2569 |
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