Records |
Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Aureli, F.; Judge, P.G. |
Title |
Coping with crowding |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
Volume |
282 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
76-81 |
Keywords |
*Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Emotions; Female; Grooming; Homicide; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; *Population Density; Primates; Rodentia; Rural Population; Territoriality; Urban Population; Violence |
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Address |
Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, USA |
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English |
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ISSN |
0036-8733 |
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Notes |
PMID:11056991 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
184 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5479 |
Pages |
586-590 |
Keywords |
Aggression/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; *Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
Abstract |
The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances. |
Address |
Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Notes |
PMID:10915614 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
187 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
Title |
How animals do business |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
Volume |
292 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
54-61 |
Keywords |
Animals; Attitude; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; Cooperative Behavior; *Economics; Emotions; Fishes; Food; Humans; Pan troglodytes; Papio; Social Behavior |
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Address |
Emory University, USA |
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English |
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0036-8733 |
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Notes |
PMID:15915815 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
166 |
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Author |
Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Visual kin recognition in chimpanzees |
Type |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
647-648 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Face; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385114 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
195 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
Title |
Cultural primatology comes of age |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
635-636 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385107 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
196 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Berger, M.L. |
Title |
Payment for labour in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
404 |
Issue |
6778 |
Pages |
563 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Evolution; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Reward |
Abstract |
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Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10766228 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
190 |
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Author |
Brosnan, S.F.; De Waal, F.B.M. |
Title |
Monkeys reject unequal pay |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
425 |
Issue |
6955 |
Pages |
297-299 |
Keywords |
Aging; Animals; Cebus/*psychology; Choice Behavior; *Cooperative Behavior; Female; Male; *Reward; Social Justice |
Abstract |
During the evolution of cooperation it may have become critical for individuals to compare their own efforts and pay-offs with those of others. Negative reactions may occur when expectations are violated. One theory proposes that aversion to inequity can explain human cooperation within the bounds of the rational choice model, and may in fact be more inclusive than previous explanations. Although there exists substantial cultural variation in its particulars, this 'sense of fairness' is probably a human universal that has been shown to prevail in a wide variety of circumstances. However, we are not the only cooperative animals, hence inequity aversion may not be uniquely human. Many highly cooperative nonhuman species seem guided by a set of expectations about the outcome of cooperation and the division of resources. Here we demonstrate that a nonhuman primate, the brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella), responds negatively to unequal reward distribution in exchanges with a human experimenter. Monkeys refused to participate if they witnessed a conspecific obtain a more attractive reward for equal effort, an effect amplified if the partner received such a reward without any effort at all. These reactions support an early evolutionary origin of inequity aversion. |
Address |
Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
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1476-4687 |
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Notes |
PMID:13679918 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
179 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
Title |
A century of getting to know the chimpanzee |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
437 |
Issue |
7055 |
Pages |
56-59 |
Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Pan troglodytes/genetics/*physiology/psychology; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior |
Abstract |
A century of research on chimpanzees, both in their natural habitat and in captivity, has brought these apes socially, emotionally and mentally much closer to us. Parallels and homologues between chimpanzee and human behaviour range from tool-technology and cultural learning to power politics and intercommunity warfare. Few behavioural domains have remained untouched by this increased knowledge, which has dramatically challenged the way we view ourselves. The sequencing of the chimpanzee genome will no doubt bring more surprises and insights. Humans do occupy a special place among the primates, but this place increasingly has to be defined against a backdrop of substantial similarity. |
Address |
Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 North Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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1476-4687 |
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PMID:16136128 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
162 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; Horner, V.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
Title |
Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
437 |
Issue |
7059 |
Pages |
737-740 |
Keywords |
Aging/physiology; Animals; Culture; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/*psychology; *Social Conformity; Technology; Time Factors |
Abstract |
Rich circumstantial evidence suggests that the extensive behavioural diversity recorded in wild great apes reflects a complexity of cultural variation unmatched by species other than our own. However, the capacity for cultural transmission assumed by this interpretation has remained difficult to test rigorously in the field, where the scope for controlled experimentation is limited. Here we show that experimentally introduced technologies will spread within different ape communities. Unobserved by group mates, we first trained a high-ranking female from each of two groups of captive chimpanzees to adopt one of two different tool-use techniques for obtaining food from the same 'Pan-pipe' apparatus, then re-introduced each female to her respective group. All but two of 32 chimpanzees mastered the new technique under the influence of their local expert, whereas none did so in a third population lacking an expert. Most chimpanzees adopted the method seeded in their group, and these traditions continued to diverge over time. A subset of chimpanzees that discovered the alternative method nevertheless went on to match the predominant approach of their companions, showing a conformity bias that is regarded as a hallmark of human culture. |
Address |
Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk |
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1476-4687 |
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PMID:16113685 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
163 |
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Author |
Flack, J.C.; Girvan, M.; de Waal, F.B.M.; Krakauer, D.C. |
Title |
Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
439 |
Issue |
7075 |
Pages |
426-429 |
Keywords |
Animals; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina/*physiology/*psychology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Behavior |
Abstract |
All organisms interact with their environment, and in doing so shape it, modifying resource availability. Termed niche construction, this process has been studied primarily at the ecological level with an emphasis on the consequences of construction across generations. We focus on the behavioural process of construction within a single generation, identifying the role a robustness mechanism--conflict management--has in promoting interactions that build social resource networks or social niches. Using 'knockout' experiments on a large, captive group of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), we show that a policing function, performed infrequently by a small subset of individuals, significantly contributes to maintaining stable resource networks in the face of chronic perturbations that arise through conflict. When policing is absent, social niches destabilize, with group members building smaller, less diverse, and less integrated grooming, play, proximity and contact-sitting networks. Instability is quantified in terms of reduced mean degree, increased clustering, reduced reach, and increased assortativity. Policing not only controls conflict, we find it significantly influences the structure of networks that constitute essential social resources in gregarious primate societies. The structure of such networks plays a critical role in infant survivorship, emergence and spread of cooperative behaviour, social learning and cultural traditions. |
Address |
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu |
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1476-4687 |
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PMID:16437106 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
298 |
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