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Author Kolter, L.; Zimmermann, W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social behaviour of Przewalski horses (Equus p. przewalskii) in the Cologne Zoo and its consequences for management and housing Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume (up) 21 Issue 1-2 Pages 117-145  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Between 1977 and 1986, two actual rank changes and two unsuccessful attempts occurred among the mares of the Cologne herd. The stallion was at first a low-ranking individual, but attained a dominant position during the last 3 years. At this time he started to split his group and thus to affect attachment relationships among his mares. During his absence of half a year, new bonds resulted and disappeared again some months after his return. Foals were tolerated by the sire for a long time. His behaviour to young, sub-adult mares varied with the individual. Protection of sub-adult mares by adult mares against the stallion's attacks may occur. Young mares protect and guard strange foals from their very first day. Management steps to cope with social and feeding problems consisted of enlargement and adding complexity to the enclosure, the establishment of more feeding sites, building a stable and temporary removal of the stallion.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2332  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ryder, O.A.; Massena, R. doi  openurl
  Title A case of male infanticide in Equus przewalskii Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume (up) 21 Issue 1-2 Pages 187-190  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Following the introduction of a new stallion to a band of E. przewalskii mares two births, both of male foals, resulted in foal death due to injuries sustained in the first day of life. Neither foal was sired by the new herd stallion. The second foal death was the results of an observed attack on the newborn male and is described here. Subsequently births in the same enclosure and, in one instance, to the same mare whose previous foal was killed, were of foals sired by the new stallion and were uneventful, with 3 male foals surviving to date.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1539  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Boyd, L.E.; Carbonaro, D.A.; Houpt, K.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The 24-hour time budget of Przewalski horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume (up) 21 Issue 1-2 Pages 5-17  
  Keywords  
  Abstract A herd of 8 Przewalski horses were observed on pasture in summer. Fifteen-minute focal animal samples were used to determine the time budget of the horses during the periods 00.00-04.00, 04.00-08.00, 08.00-12.00, 12.00-16.00, 16.00-20.00 and 20.00-24.00 h EDT. The behavioral states recorded were feeding (grazing and eating grain), nursing, drinking, standing, stand-resting, self-grooming, mutual grooming, locomoting, playing, and lying laterally and sternally. The average number of behavioral states occurring per hour, and the defecation, urination, aggression and vocalization rates were also determined. Overall, the horses spent 46.4 +/- 5.9% of their time feeding, 1.3 +/- 0.1% nursing, 0.5 +/- 0.1% drinking, 20.6 +/- 5.4% standing, 15.7 +/- 3.2% stand-resting, 1.7 +/- 0.2% self-grooming, 2.2 +/- 0.7% mutual grooming, 7.4 +/- 1.0% locomoting, 1.2 +/- 0.3% playing, 1.2 +/- 0.5% lying laterally and 4.1 +/- 3.0% lying sternally. The horses averaged 45.2 +/- 5.8 behavioral states per hour, and 0.2 +/- 0.0 defecations, 0.3 +/- 0.0 urinations, 1.5 +/- 0.3 aggressions and 0.7 +/- 0.1 vocalizations per hour. The horses spent the greatest amount of time foraging between 20.00 and 04.00 h, when the temperatures were lower. They spent 68.2 +/- 2.2% of their time between 20.00 and 24.00 h feeding, but only 31.2 +/- 2.1% of their time feeding between 08.00 and 12.00 h. Recumbent rest was most common between 00.00 and 04.00 h. As temperatures rose during the daylight hours, the horses spent more time drinking and standing, rather than grazing. Stand-resting was the most common form of rest during the day. The horses exhibited the greatest number of activities per hour from 08.00 to 20.00 h. While standing in close proximity to one another during these hours, the horses exhibited the highest number of aggressions per hour (1.9-2.4).  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1805  
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Author Boyd, L.E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ontogeny of behavior in Przewalski horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume (up) 21 Issue 1-2 Pages 41-69  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Twelve colts and 12 fillies were observed during their first 2 years of life. Data on the foal's nearest neighbor, distance to dam and stallion, and time budget were compiled by age. The birth of one foal was witnessed. During their first month of life, Przewalski foals were dependent on the dam. She provided most of their nourishment and foals spent 54% of their time within 1 m of her. The biggest change in behavior of foals occurred between Months 1 and 2. The amount of time spent resting and nursing declined, while the amount of time spent foraging increased sharply. Foals began to leave their mothers and interact with peers by 3 weeks of age, and at 2 months they were interacting with older herd members. By 5 months of age, the amount of time spent in most behaviors was identical to that of adults, except that vocalization rates and involvement in aggression were lower than for adults. Juveniles spent less time stand-resting than adults throughout their first year, but more time in recumbent rest. Foals spent far less time with their sire than with their dam. However, an orphaned foal spent more time with his sire than did mothered foals, indicating that the sire assumed part of the role of the missing dam.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2018  
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Author O'Brien, P.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Feral goat social organization: a review and comparative analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Appl Anim Behav Sci Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 21 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ O'Brien1988 Serial 6270  
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Author Ryder, O.A. url  openurl
  Title Przewalski's horse – putting the wild horse back in the wild Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal Oryx  
  Volume (up) 22 Issue Pages 154-157  
  Keywords Equidae genetics.  
  Abstract The Asian wild horse, or Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii), is believed to currently survive only in captivity. There are more than 660 individuals in over 70 zoological collections, and animals are available for reintroduction. The Przewalski's horse had been bred in captivity for 12 generations, and inbreeding has occurred. Genetic variability has been lost, and released animals will require acclimatization on or near release sites. In China, a program is under way for acclimatization, breeding, and release of wild horses, and plans are being made for a similar program in Mongolia. (LCA)  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1537  
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Author NOVELLIE PA et al, openurl 
  Title Factors affecting the seasonal movements of Cape mountain zebras in the Mountain Zebra National Park Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal S Afr J Zool  
  Volume (up) 23 Issue Pages 13-19  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1424  
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Author Smuts, M.M.S.; Penzhorn, B. L. openurl 
  Title Descriptions of antomical differences between skulls and mandibles of Equus zebra and E. burchelli from southern Africa Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication South African Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal South African Journal of Zoology  
  Volume (up) 23 Issue (4)3 Pages 328-336  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1617  
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Author Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Green, D.; Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; Albon, S.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Passing the buck: resource defence, lek breeding and mate choice in fallow deer Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 23 Issue Pages 281-296  
  Keywords  
  Abstract lsquoLekrsquo breeding systems, where males defend small, clustered mating territories, are thought to occur where the distribution of females is heavily clumped but males are unable to defend resources used by females. In this paper, we describe a breeding system in fallow deer where males are able to defend resources used by females but the most successful bucks instead defend small territories on a traditional mating ground; where the lek is sited in an area not heavily used by females at other times of year and is visited primarily by females in or close to oestrus; and where mating success on the lek is related to territory position and to male phenotype but not to the resources available on different lek territories. Comparisons with other ungulates suggest that lek breeding species fall into two groups: those where leks are regularly visited by herds of females many of which are not in oestrus and those, like fallow deer, where leks are visited primarily by oestrous females. In the latter species, it is unlikely that females visit the lek for ecological reasons.  
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  Notes 10.1007/Bf00300575 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4882  
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Author Leonard, M.L.; Horn, A.G.; Eden, S.F. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Parent-offspring aggression in moorhens Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 23 Issue Pages 265-270  
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  Abstract The purpose of this study was to explain parental aggression to offspring in the moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). Males and females did not feed different subsets of chicks. In addition, there was a positive correlation between feeding rates of each parent to a particular chick and the number of attacks (tousles) directed to that chick, contrary to what was expected if aggression served to divide the brood. In moorhens, large chicks outcompeted small chicks for parental feedings. However, adults were more aggressive to large chicks and as a result small chicks spent significantly more time closer to parents and received more feedings than large chicks. In 84% of broods every chick was attacked at least once, although large chicks were attacked more often than small chicks. The behaviour of chicks changed immediately after an attack (Table 2). Before an attack chicks were <1 m from the parents while after an attack they were >1 m. The apparent effect of parental aggression in moorhens is to reduce demands by chicks for feedings. Aggression appears to reduce sibling competition and to encourage chick independence.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1007/Bf00302949 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4905  
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