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Author |
Tsong, T.Y. |
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Title |
Conformational relaxations of urea- and guanidine hydrochloride-unfolded ferricytochrome c |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
The Journal of Biological Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biol Chem |
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Volume  |
252 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
8778-8780 |
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Keywords |
*Cytochrome c Group; Guanidines/*pharmacology; Protein Conformation/drug effects; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea/*pharmacology |
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Abstract |
Several recent studies of protein the unfolded proteins. In urea- and guanidine HCl-unfolded ferricytochrome c (horse heart), an acid-induced spin state transformation of the heme group has been detected by the heme absorptions, Trp-59 fluorescence, and the intrinsic viscosity of protein. Kinetics of this second conformational transition, by the temperature jump and stopped flow methods, are complex. One rapid reaction (tau1), pH-independent, occurs in a 50-mus range; the second reaction (tau2), in a 1-ms range, depends linearly upon pH and is faster at the alkaline side; a third reaction (tau3), in a 1-s range, shows a sigmoidal transition at pH 5.1 and is faster at the acidic side. The results are consistent with a kinetic scheme which involves protein conformational changes in the transformation of the heme coordination state. The kinetics, along with previous equilibrium studies, indicate that ligand or charge interactions within a protein molecule are not completely prohibited even in strongly denaturing conditions, such as in high concentrations of urea and guanidine HCl. Thus, local structures of peptide chain associated with these interactions can exist in the unfolded protein. |
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0021-9258 |
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PMID:200618 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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3882 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H. |
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Title |
Primate social organisation and ecology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
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Nature |
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250 |
Issue |
5467 |
Pages |
539-542 |
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Abstract |
Attempts to relate interspecific differences in social organisation among primates to gross differences in habitat or diet type have been largely unsuccessful. This is probably partly because distantly related species have adapted to similar ecological situations in different ways and partly because much finer ecological differences are important. |
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10.1038/250539a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4730 |
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Author |
Mohr E, |
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Title |
Das Urwildpferd |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1959 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Die Neue Brehm |
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249 |
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Bücherei |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1402 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, J.G. |
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Title |
Reversal of female mate choice by copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
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Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
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Proc Biol Sci |
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249 |
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1325 |
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179-184 |
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Acclimatization; Animals; *Choice Behavior; Female; Male; Poecilia; *Sexual Behavior, Animal |
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Ever since Fisher (1958) formalized models of sexual selection, female mate choice has been assumed to be a genetically determined trait. Females, however, may also use social cues to select mates. One such cue might be the mate choice of conspecifics. Here we report the first direct evidence that a female's preference for a particular male can in fact be reversed by social cues. In our experiments using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata), this reversal was mediated by mate-copying opportunities, such that a female (the 'focal' female) is given the opportunity to choose between two males, followed by a period in which she observes a second female (the 'model' female) displaying a preference for the male she herself did not prefer initially. When allowed to choose between the same males a second time, compared with control tests, a significant proportion of focal females reversed their mate choice and copied the preference of the model female. These results provide strong evidence for the role of non-genetic factors in sexual selection and underlie the need for new models of sexual selection that explicitly incorporate both genetic and cultural aspects of mate choice. |
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Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:1360679 |
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1824 |
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Author |
Wolfe, J.M. |
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Title |
Hidden visual processes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
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Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
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Volume |
248 |
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2 |
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94-103 |
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Keywords |
Color Perception/*physiology; Humans; Motion Perception/physiology; Ocular Physiology; Vision; Visual Perception/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Isoluminant stimulus is an image whose edges are defined only by a change in color, not by change in brightness. The stimulus here is imperfect: the blue parts and the green parts of the image are only as nearly equal in brightness as they can be on the printed page. Moreover, the change in brightness beyond the edge of the page is apparent, and so is the fact that the reader is holding the magazine at reading distance. When such cues are removed under laboratory conditions, subjects faced with an isoluminant stimulus prove unable to bring its edges into focus. This deficiency contributes to making a familiar face hard to recognize. The experiment indicates that the brain process underlying visual accommodation (the focusing of the eyes) cannot “see” color; it is a hidden process distinct from the processes that lead to perception. The image shows Groucho Marx as he appeared in the motion picture Horse Feathers. |
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0036-8733 |
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PMID:6836258 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4066 |
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Author |
Maynard Smith, J.; Price, G.R. |
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Title |
The Logic of Animal Conflict |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1973 |
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Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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246 |
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15-18 |
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10.1038/246015a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4844 |
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Author |
Zohary, D.; Tchernov, E.; Horwitz, L.K. |
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The role of unconscious selection in the domestication of sheep and goats |
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1998 |
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J Zool |
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245 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zohary1998 |
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6240 |
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Author |
Galdikas, B.M. |
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Title |
Orangutan tool use |
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Journal Article |
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1989 |
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Science (New York, N.Y.) |
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Science |
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243 |
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4888 |
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152 |
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Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Hominidae; Humans; *Pongo pygmaeus |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:2911726 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2847 |
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Author |
Hamilton, C.R.; Vermeire, B.A. |
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Title |
Complementary hemispheric specialization in monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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Science |
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Science |
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242 |
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4886 |
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1691-1694 |
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Twenty-five split-brain monkeys were taught to discriminate two types of visual stimuli that engage lateralized cerebral processing in human subjects. Differential lateralization for the two kinds of discriminations was found; the left hemisphere was better at distinguishing between tilted lines and the right hemisphere was better at discriminating faces. These results indicate that lateralization of cognitive processing appeared in primates independently of language or handedness. In addition, cerebral lateralization in monkeys may provide an appropriate model for studying the biological basis of hemispheric specialization. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5342 |
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Author |
Bednarz, J.C. |
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Title |
Cooperative Hunting Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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Science |
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Science |
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239 |
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4847 |
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1525-1527 |
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Coordinated hunting by several individuals directed toward the capture and sharing of one Large prey animal has been documented convincingly only for a few mammalian carnivores. In New Mexico, Harris' hawks formed hunting parties of two to six individuals in the nonbreeding season. This behavior improved capture success and the average energy available per individual enabled hawks to dispatch prey larger than themselves. These patterns suggest that cooperation is important to understanding the evolution of complex social behavior in higher vertebrates and, specifically, that benefits derived from team hunting a key factor in the social living of Harris' hawks. |
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10.1126/science.239.4847.1525 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4717 |
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