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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.
Title Self-grooming by mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume (down) 17 Issue 3-4 Pages 197-208
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Abstract Self-grooming behaviour of 15 mare-foal pairs was studied weekly for the first 24 weeks of the foal's life. Mares self-groomed at mean rates of 1.2-2.2 times h-1 depending on the 4-week period. Foals self-groomed more often, with a peak rate of 12.3 times h-1 occurring during Week 5-8 and a subsequent decline to 6.0 times h-1 by Weeks 21-24. Self-grooming bouts of mares and foals also differed in the proportion devoted to each type of self-grooming. During a greater proportion of their total self-grooming bouts, foals scratched their head and neck with a hind limb or bit and scratched the trunk or hind limbs with the teeth. The mares spent a greater proportion of their self-grooming bouts rubbing their head or neck on an inanimate object, another pony, or their fore limb, or rolling on the ground. Particular types of individual self-grooming bouts were engaged in for different lengths of time. Foals had longer bouts of scratching the head and neck with a hind limb, scratching or biting the fore limb or hind limb with the teeth, and rubbing the head and neck on an inanimate object, while mares had longer bouts of rolling. Some of the differences in preference for particular types of self-grooming may be the result of differences in relative size of various body parts and, consequently, relative ease of a given type of self-grooming.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2275
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Author Hughes, K.L.; Sulaiman, I.
Title The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physicochemical influences on growth Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Veterinary Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Vet Microbiol
Volume (down) 14 Issue 3 Pages 241-250
Keywords Animals; Feces/microbiology; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Rhodococcus/*growth & development; *Soil Microbiology; Temperature
Abstract Growth of Rhodococcus equi was studied in vitro. Optimal growth occurred under aerobic conditions between pH 7.0 and 8.5, at 30 degrees C. R. equi survived better in a neutral soil (pH 7.3) than it did in two acid soils (pH less than 5.5). It grew substantially better in soils enriched with faeces than in soils alone. Simple organic acids in horse dung, especially acetate and propionate, appear to be important in supporting growth of R. equi in the environment. The ecology of R. equi can be best explained by an environmental cycle allowing its proliferation in dung, influenced by management, grazing behaviour and prevailing climatic conditions. Preventive measures should be aimed at reducing or avoiding focal areas of faecal contamination in the environment.
Address School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0378-1135 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3672866 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2678
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Author Takai, S.; Fujimori, T.; Katsuzaki, K.; Tsubaki, S.
Title Ecology of Rhodococcus equi in horses and their environment on horse-breeding farms Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Veterinary Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Vet Microbiol
Volume (down) 14 Issue 3 Pages 233-239
Keywords Actinomycetales Infections/*veterinary; Animals; Animals, Newborn/*microbiology; *Environmental Microbiology; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*microbiology; Horses/*microbiology; Rhodococcus/*isolation & purification
Abstract Quantitative culture of R. equi in the feces of dams and foals, in the air of the stalls and in the soil of the paddocks was carried out on three horse-breeding farms during the foaling season. The isolation rates of R. equi from the feces of dams from the 3 farms suddenly increased to approximately 80% at the end of March, when the snow in the paddocks finished melting, and remained at that level during April and May. The mean number of R. equi and the isolation rate of R. equi from the feces of dams on the farms were investigated for 5 weeks before and 5 weeks after delivery. During the 10 weeks, there were no differences in the isolation rate or in the mean number of R. equi from the feces of dams. R. equi was first isolated from the feces of the foals born in February and the middle of March at 3-4 weeks of age, on the other hand, it was first isolated from the feces of foals born in the end of March and April at 1-2 weeks of age. The number of R. equi in the soil collected from the paddocks used by dams during the winter was approximately 10(2)-10(4) g-1 of soil during the experiment. R. equi was isolated from the air in the stalls at the end of March and the number of R. equi in the air increased particularly on dry and windy days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Address Department of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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ISSN 0378-1135 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:3672865 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2679
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Author Rumbaugh, D.M.; Savage-Rumbaugh, S.; Hegel, M.T.
Title Summation in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume (down) 13 Issue 2 Pages 107-115
Keywords Animals; Choice Behavior; *Cognition; Male; *Mathematics; *Pan troglodytes; Visual Perception
Abstract In this research, we asked whether 2 chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) subjects could reliably sum across pairs of quantities to select the greater total. Subjects were allowed to choose between two trays of chocolates. Each tray contained two food wells. To select the tray containing the greater number of chocolates, it was necessary to sum the contents of the food wells on each tray. In experiments where food wells contained from zero to four chocolates, the chimpanzees chose the greater value of the summed wells on more than 90% of the trials. In the final experiment, the maximum number of chocolates assigned to a food well was increased to five. Choice of the tray containing the greater sum still remained above 90%. In all experiments, subjects reliably chose the greater sum, even though on many trials a food well on the “incorrect” tray held more chocolates than either single well on the “correct” tray. It was concluded that without any known ability to count, these chimpanzees used some process of summation to combine spatially separated quantities. Speculation regarding the basis for summation includes consideration of perceptual fusion of pairs of quantities and subitization.
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ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:3572305 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2785
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Author Klingel H,
Title Unpaarhufer, Pferde Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal in Grzimek B (ed): Grzimeks Enzyklopädie Säugetiere
Volume (down) 4 Issue Pages 548-592, Kindler
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1319
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Author Olivier W,
Title Is it possible to bring back the quagga? Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal Roan News
Volume (down) 4 Issue Pages 1-2
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1435
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Author Povinelli DJ
Title Monkeys, apes, mirrors and minds: the evolution of self-awareness in primates Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication J. Hum. Evol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) 2 Issue Pages 493
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3025
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Author Tomasello, M.; Davis-Dasilva, M.; Camak, L.; Bard, K.
Title Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal Human Evolution
Volume (down) 2 Issue 2 Pages 175-183
Keywords Chimpanzees; Observational Learning; Tool-Use
Abstract In the current study two groups of young chimpanzees (4–6 and 8–9 years old) were given a T-bar and a food item that could only be reached by using the T-bar. Experimental subjects were given the opportunity to observe an adult using the stick as a tool to obtain the food; control subjects were exposed to the adult but were given no demonstration. Subjects in the older group did not learn to use the tool. Subjects in the younger group who were exposed to the demonstrator learned to use the stick as a tool much more readily than those who were not. None of the subjects demonstrated an ability to imitatively copy the demonstrator's precise behavioral strategies. More than simple stimulus enhancement was involved, however, since both groups manipulated the T-bar, but only experimental subjects used it in its function as a tool. Our findings complement naturalistic observations in suggesting that chimpanzee tool-use is in some sense «culturally transmitted» — though perhaps not in the same sense as social-conventional behaviors for which precise copying of conspecifics is crucial.
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Publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0393-9375 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5915
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Author Pusey, A.E.
Title Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol
Volume (down) 2 Issue 10 Pages 295-299
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Abstract Sex differences in dispersal distance are widespread in birds and mammals, but the predominantly dispersing sex differs consistently between the classes. There has been persistent debate over the relative importance of two factors -- intrasexual competition and inbreeding avoidance -- in producing sex-biased dispersal, and over the sources of the difference in dispersal patterns between the two classes. Recent studies cast new light on these questions.
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ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5326
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Author Berger J,
Title Reproductive fates of dispersers in a harem-dwelling ungulate: the wild horse Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics Abbreviated Journal Mammalian dispersal Patterns
Volume (down) Issue Pages 41-54
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor Chepko-Sade, B.D. ; Halpin, Z.T.
Language Summary Language Original Title Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 940
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