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Bshary, R.; Wickler, W.; Fricke, H. |
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Title |
Fish cognition: a primate's eye view |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
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Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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5 |
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1 |
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1-13 |
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Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Evolution; Fishes/*physiology; Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*physiology; Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
We provide selected examples from the fish literature of phenomena found in fish that are currently being examined in discussions of cognitive abilities and evolution of neocortex size in primates. In the context of social intelligence, we looked at living in individualized groups and corresponding social strategies, social learning and tradition, and co-operative hunting. Regarding environmental intelligence, we searched for examples concerning special foraging skills, tool use, cognitive maps, memory, anti-predator behaviour, and the manipulation of the environment. Most phenomena of interest for primatologists are found in fish as well. We therefore conclude that more detailed studies on decision rules and mechanisms are necessary to test for differences between the cognitive abilities of primates and other taxa. Cognitive research can benefit from future fish studies in three ways: first, as fish are highly variable in their ecology, they can be used to determine the specific ecological factors that select for the evolution of specific cognitive abilities. Second, for the same reason they can be used to investigate the link between cognitive abilities and the enlargement of specific brain areas. Third, decision rules used by fish could be used as 'null-hypotheses' for primatologists looking at how monkeys might make their decisions. Finally, we propose a variety of fish species that we think are most promising as study objects. |
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University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. rb286@cam.ac.uk |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:11957395 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2617 |
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Miklósi, Á. |
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Cecilia Heyes and Ludwig Huber (eds): The Evolution of Cognition |
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2002 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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5 |
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3 |
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187-189 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3096 |
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Byrne, R. |
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Title |
When cognitive psychology met Japanese primatology |
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2002 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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5 |
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1 |
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59-60 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3180 |
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Miklósi, Á. |
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Title |
On the usefulness and limits of functional analogies |
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2002 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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5 |
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1 |
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17-18 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3227 |
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Snowdon, C.T. |
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Title |
Social processes in communication and cognition in callitrichid monkeys: a review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
247-257 |
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Studies of vocal development in nonhuman primates have found little evidence for plasticity in vocal production, somewhat more for usage of calls, with the greatest plasticity arising in response to calls of others. Generally, similar results were obtained with callitrichid monkeys, the marmosets and tamarins, but with several interesting exceptions. Infant pygmy marmosets show babbling behavior with improvement in adult call structure related to the amount and diversity of babbling. Adult marmosets alter call structure in response to changes in social partners, and wild marmosets have vocal dialects and modify call structure according to how far they are from other group members, suggesting the potential to modify call structure in different social and environmental contexts, though direct learning of novel vocalizations has not been observed. Infant cotton-top tamarins do not produce adult-like calls in appropriate contexts, at least in the first few months of life, but through food sharing from adults infants learn about appropriate foods and the appropriate contexts for food vocalizations. Tamarins modify call structure and usage with changes in social status. Tamarins, unlike other monkeys tested, can learn to avoid noxious foods through observation of other group members, and can learn about novel food locations. Recent studies provide evidence of contextual imitation in marmosets. The plasticity in vocal communication and evidence of social learning in marmosets and tamarins relative to other monkeys may be related to the cooperative breeding system of marmosets and tamarins. With a high degree of behavioral coordination among group members, there is a priority on monitoring signals and behavior of others and adjusting one's own signals and behavior. This creates the context for vocal plasticity and social learning. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3090 |
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Author |
Hare, B. |
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Title |
Can competitive paradigms increase the validity of experiments on primate social cognition? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
269-280 |
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Experiments vary in their ability to distinguish between competing hypotheses. In tests on primate cognition the majority of this variation is due to an experimenter's ability to test primates in valid settings while providing the adequate amount of experimental control. While experimenters studying primate cognition can use methods of control perfected in captivity, it is still very unclear how to design and then objectively evaluate the external validity of new experimental paradigms. I recommend that more effort be allocated to specify how to create relevant test settings for primates. Primate social life is highly competitive. This means that all aspects of primates themselves, including their cognitive abilities, have likely been shaped by the need to out-compete conspecifics. Based on this hypothesis, sophisticated cognitive abilities of primates might best be demonstrated in competitive contexts. Thus, it is suggested that one possible measure of validity is whether investigators integrate a competitive component into their experimental designs. To evaluate this methodological prediction I review the literature on chimpanzee perspective-taking as a case study including several recent studies that include a competitive component in their experimental designs. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3093 |
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Author |
Xitco, M.; Gory, J.; Kuczaj, S. |
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Title |
Spontaneous pointing by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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4 |
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2 |
Pages |
115-123 |
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Two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) participating in a symbolic communication project spontaneously developed behaviors that resembled pointing and gaze alternation. The dolphins' behavior demonstrated several features reminiscent of referential communicative behavior. It was triadic, involving a signaler, receiver, and referent. It was also indicative, specifying a focus of attention. The dolphins' points were distinct from the act of attending to or acting on objects. Spontaneous dolphin pointing was influenced by the presence of a potential receiver, and the distance between that receiver and the dolphin. These findings suggest that dolphins are capable of producing referential gestures. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3111 |
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Brown, C. |
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Familiarity with the test environment improves escape responses in the crimson spotted rainbowfish, Melanotaenia duboulayi |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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4 |
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2 |
Pages |
109-113 |
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Animals that are familiar with their environment have been reported to have greater survivorship for a number of reasons related to their knowledge of the terrain, which they recall from memory. In an initial experiment rainbowfish significantly improved their escape response towards a novel trawl apparatus over a sequence of five runs. Escape latencies were still low during a subsequent exposure 11 months after the initial exposure. While part of the improvement in escape success was certainly due to learning associated with the location of the escape route, it is likely that this was aided by habituation to the tank environment and the experimental protocol. In a follow-up experiment, fish that had been kept in the experimental tank for 3 weeks prior to testing, and had become familiar with the test tank, showed significantly lower escape latencies and escaped more often than fish that were not familiar with the test environment. It is suspected that familiarity with the testing arena decreased stress and enabled individuals to detect novel stimuli and devote more attention to them. These findings have significant implications for experimenters studying aspects of animal cognition, such as learning and memory, in laboratory situations. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3113 |
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Tanaka, M. |
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Title |
Discrimination and categorization of photographs of natural objects by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
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2001 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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4 |
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3 |
Pages |
201-211 |
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Two experiments assessed the ability of four adult female chimpanzees to categorize natural objects. Chimpanzees were initially trained to match different color photographs of familiar objects from four possible categories. In training, all the comparison stimuli were from the same category in one condition, and from different categories in another condition. For all subjects, training performance was consistently better for the “different category” than for the “same category” trials. Probe trials were shown after training. In probe trials, the sample and positive comparison stimuli were different items from the same category, and the foils were selected from among the three other test categories. Individual performance was above chance in probe trials, suggesting that categorization by chimpanzees may transcend perceptual resemblance. These results were later replicated with novel stimulus items from the same four categories (experiment 2). Altogether, this research demonstrates that chimpanzees grouped perceptually different exemplars within the same category, and further suggests that these animals formed conceptual representations of the categories. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3128 |
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Cook, R.G.; Shaw, R.; Blaisdell, A.P. |
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Dynamic object perception by pigeons: discrimination of action in video presentations |
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2001 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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4 |
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3 |
Pages |
137-146 |
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Two experiments examined the discrimination by pigeons of relative motion using computer-generated video stimuli. Using a go/no-go procedure, pigeons were tested with video stimuli in which the camera's perspective went either “around” or “through” an approaching object in a semi-realistic context. Experiment 1 found that pigeons could learn this discrimination and transfer it to videos composed from novel objects. Experiment 2 found that the order of the video's frames was critical to the discrimination of the videos. We hypothesize that the pigeons perceived a three-dimensional representation of the objects and the camera's relative motion and used this as the primary basis for discrimination. It is proposed that the pigeons might be able to form generalized natural categories for the different kinds of motions portrayed in the videos. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3142 |
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