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Author |
Rosati, A.G. |
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Title |
Foraging Cognition: Reviving the Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
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21 |
Issue |
9 |
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691-702 |
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What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in general and human cognition in particular. However, recent comparative research indicates that ecological variation can also shape cognitive abilities. I synthesize the emerging evidence that ?foraging cognition? ? skills used to exploit food resources, including spatial memory, decision-making, and inhibitory control ? varies adaptively across primates. These findings provide a new framework for the evolution of human cognition, given our species? dependence on costly, high-value food resources. Understanding the origins of the human mind will require an integrative theory accounting for how humans are unique in both our sociality and our ecology. |
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Elsevier |
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1364-6613 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.011 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6586 |
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Author |
Golynski, M.; Szczepanik, M.P.; Wilkolek, P.M.; Adamek, L.R.; Sitkowski, W.; Taszkun, I. |
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Title |
Influence of hair clipping on transepidermal water loss values in horses: a pilot study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences |
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vol. 21 |
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No 1 |
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horses; transepidermal water loss; clipping |
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University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6612 |
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Author |
Bruns, A.; Waltert, M.; Khorozyan, I. |
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Title |
The effectiveness of livestock protection measures against wolves (Canis lupus) and implications for their co-existence with humans |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Global Ecology and Conservation |
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21 |
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Pages |
e00868 |
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Carnivore; Depredation; Efficiency; Germany; Intervention; Predator |
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Wolves (Canis lupus) can kill domestic livestock resulting in intense conflicts with humans. Damage to livestock should be reduced to facilitate human-wolf coexistence and ensure positive outcomes of conservation efforts. Current knowledge on the effectiveness of livestock protection measures from wolves is limited and scattered in the literature. In this study, we compiled a dataset of 30 cases describing the application of 11 measures of protecting cattle and smaller livestock against wolves, estimated their effectiveness as a relative risk of damage, and identified the best measures for damage reduction. We found that: (1) lethal control and translocation were less effective than other measures, (2) deterrents, especially fladry which is a fence with ropes marked by hanging colored flags that sway in the wind and provide a visual warning signal, were more effective than guarding dogs; (3) deterrents, fencing, calving control and herding were very effective, but the last two measures included only one case each; and (4) protection of cattle was more effective than that of small stock (sheep and goats, or sheep only) and mixed cattle and small stock. In all of these cases, the relative risk of damage was reduced by 50-100%. Considering Germany as an example of a country with a recovering wolf population and escalating human-wolf conflicts, we suggest electric fences and electrified fladry as the most promising measures, which under suitable conditions can be accompanied by well-trained livestock guarding dogs, and the temporary use of deterrents during critical periods such as calving and lambing seasons. Further research in this field is of paramount importance to efficiently mitigate human-wolf conflicts. |
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2351-9894 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6641 |
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Author |
Siniscalchi, M.; Padalino, B.; Aubé, L.; Quaranta, A. |
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Title |
Right-nostril use during sniffing at arousing stimuli produces higher cardiac activity in jumper horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition |
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Laterality |
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20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
483-500 |
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Lateralization in horses, Equus caballus, has been reported at both motor and sensory levels. Here we investigated left- and right-nostril use in 12 jumper horses freely sniffing different emotive stimuli. Results revealed that during sniffing at adrenaline and oestrus mare urine stimuli, horses showed a clear right-nostril bias while just a tendency in the use of the right nostril was observed during sniffing of other odours (food, cotton swab and repellent). Sniffing at adrenaline and urine odours was also accompanied by increasing cardiac activity and behavioural reactivity strengthening the role of the right hemisphere in the analysis of intense emotion and sexual behaviour. |
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Routledge |
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1357-650x |
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doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2015.1005629 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6208 |
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Author |
Berger, K.M. |
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Title |
Carnivore-Livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Conserv Biol |
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20 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Berger2006 |
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6448 |
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Author |
Schwartz, L.P.; Silberberg, A.; Casey, A.H.; Kearns, D.N.; Slotnick, B. |
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Title |
Does a rat release a soaked conspecific due to empathy? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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20 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
299-308 |
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Abstract |
In Experiment 1, rats choosing in an E maze preferred to release a rat standing in a pool of water to dry ground over a rat already standing on dry ground. Five additional experiments showed that the choosing rat's preference for releasing the wet rat was maintained by two separable outcomes: (1) the social contact offered by the released rat and (2) the reinforcing value of proximity to a pool of water. These results call into question Sato et al.'s (Anim Cogn 18:1039-1047, 2015) claim to have demonstrated that a rat's releasing of a wet rat to dry ground is empathically motivated. |
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1435-9456 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Schwartz2017 |
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6559 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.; Marrow, M.; Seeliger, M. |
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A preliminary study of the effect of music on equine behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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20 |
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11 |
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691-737 |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6633 |
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Author |
von Bayern, A.M.P. |
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The role of experience in problem solving and innovative tool use in crows |
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2009 |
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Curr Biol |
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19 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ von Bayern2009 |
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6290 |
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Author |
Passilongo, D.; Buccianti, A.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Gazzola, A.; Zaccaronii, M.; Apollonio, M. |
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Title |
The Acoustic Structure Of Wolf Howls In Some Eastern Tuscany (Central Italy) Free Ranging Packs |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Bioacoustics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bioacoustics |
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19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
159-175 |
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Canis lupus, acoustic structure, mammal communication, sonogram, fundamental frequency. |
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Italian wolf howls are described for the first time from observations between 2003–2008 of a population living in eastern Tuscany, central Italy. A sample of 37 howls selected among single responses and 128 howls included in the choruses of 7 free ranging packs was recorded and analysed. The mean fundamental frequency of the howls ranged between 274–908 Hz. Two main structures recognised by means of multivariate explorative analysis, in particular Principal Component and Cluster Analysis, were ascribed to breaking and flat howls. Discriminant Function Analysis was applied to the recognised groups with the aim to find a general rule for classification. Howls with different features were correctly assigned to the groups obtained by explorative analysis in 95.8% of cases. The analysis of the variables characterising the structure of the howls suggests that maximum frequency and range of fundamental frequency are the most important parameters for classification, while duration does not appear to play any significant role. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6499 |
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Author |
Plumer, L.; Talvi, T.; Männil, P.; Saarma, U. |
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Assessing the roles of wolves and dogs in livestock predation with suggestions for mitigating human-wildlife conflict and conservation of wolves |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Conservation Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conservat. Genet. |
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19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
665-672 |
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Predation on livestock is a cause of serious and long-lasting conflict between farmers and wildlife, promoting negative public attitudes and endangering conservation of large carnivores. However, while large carnivores, especially the grey wolf (Canis lupus), are often blamed for killing sheep and other farm animals, free-ranging dogs may also act as predators. To develop appropriate measures for livestock protection, reliable methods for identifying predator species are critical. Identification of predators from visual examination of livestock wounds can be ambiguous and genetic analysis is strongly preferable for accurate species determination. To estimate the proportion of wolves and dogs implicated in sheep predation, we developed a sensitive genetic assay to distinguish between wolves and domestic dogs. A total of 183 predator saliva samples collected from killed sheep in Estonia were analysed. The assay identified the predator species in 143 cases (78%). Sheep were most often killed by wolves (81%); however, predation by dogs was substantial (15%). We compared the molecular results with field observations conducted by local environmental officials and recorded some disagreement, with the latter underestimating the role of dogs. As predator saliva samples collected from prey are often of poor quality, we suggest using mitochondrial DNA as a primary tool to maximise the number of successfully analysed samples. We also suggest adopting forensic DNA analysis more widely in livestock predation assessments as a legislative measure since misidentification that is biased against wolves can be counterproductive for conservation by enhancing conflict with society and leading to increased culling and poaching. |
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1572-9737 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Plumer2018 |
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6509 |
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