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Eisenmann V,. (1982). Le cheval: Passé, présent et avenir. Bull Inf Mus Nat Hist Naturelle, 30, 29–34.
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Schäfer M,. (1982). Beobachtungen zum Paarungsverhalten des Hausesels. Säugetierk Mitt, 30, 13–25.
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Powell, A. J., & Wolff, P. R. (1982). Sex differences in mouse urination patterns. Anim. Behav., 30(4), 1207–1211.
Abstract: When tested in circular open fields male and female mice (Mus musculus) produced strongly centrifugal urination patterns, which showed a clear `edge-dependency' in all the field sizes used. However, striking sex differences in the pattern of deposition were shown in terms of both the number and distribution of the urine spots. Male mice produce large numbers of spots which are regularly dispersed, while females produce relatively fewer spots with a more clumped distribution. It is suggested that a hitherto unsuspected level of intersexual communication may explain these differences.
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Penzhorn Bl,. (1982). Age determination in the Cape Mountain Zebras in the mountain zebra natinoal park. Koedoe, 25, 89–102.
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Penzhorn Bl,. (1982). Home range sizes of Cape Mountain Zebras in the mountain zebra national park. Koedoe, 25, 103–108.
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Penzhorn Bl,. (1982). Soil- eating by Cape Mountain Zebras in the mountain zebra nationl park. Koedoe, 25, 83–88.
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Ryder, O. A., & Wedemeyer, E. A. (1982). A cooperative breeding programme for the mongolian wild horse Equus Przewalski in the United States. Biol. Cons., 22, 259–271.
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Baba, M., T., Doi, H., Ikeda, T., Iwamoto, & Ono Y. (1982). A census of large mammals in Omo National Park, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Ecol., 20(3), 207–210.
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Edwards, P. J., & Hollis, S. (1982). The Distribution of Excreta on New Forest Grassland Used by Cattle, Ponies and Deer. J Appl Ecol, 19(3), 953–964.
Abstract: (1) The distribution of excreta on areas of reseeded grassland in the New Forest used by free-ranging cattle, ponies and fallow deer was shown to be non-random. Distinct latrine areas were recognized where the faeces of all three herbivore species were concentrated, and where the majority of urinations occurred. The mosaic of latrine and non-latrine areas can be detected in aerial photographs in which non-latrine areas appear as light-grey patches set in a matrix of the dark grey latrine areas. During the 3 years of the study the position of the mosaic proved to be relatively stable. (2) The latrine areas were characterized by an uneven sward about 50 mm tall with abundant thistles (Cirsium spp.) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Non-latrine areas had an even and very closely cropped sward between 10 and 20 mm tall. Soil chemical analysis of the two kinds of area revealed significantly higher levels of exchangeable potassium in latrine areas, and on one site significantly higher levels of magnesium and organic matter. No significant differences were detected in soil reaction, nor in phosphorus or calcium levels. (3) Observations of grazing animals revealed a tendency, at all times of year, for ponies to avoid grazing in latrine areas. In winter and spring this tendency was very slight, but from midsummer until late autumn a substantial majority of grazing ponies were to be found in non-latrine areas. In contrast, only 2% of the cattle observations made over a period of 20 months were of animals grazing in non-latrine areas. (4) The standing crop of dung and the rate of dung production on the two kinds of area were monitored for 12 months on one lawn. The amount of pony dung produced on non-latrine areas was only 16.5% of that in latrine areas, while for cattle the corresponding value was 28.7%. It is argued that the observed pattern has been created by selective grazing and eliminatory behaviour of the ponies, and that the excreta of cattle and deer are largely confined to pony latrine areas because these animals are unable to graze the very short herbage of non-latrine areas.
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Strickman, D. (1982). Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) from Paraguay. J Med Entomol, 19(4), 399–402.
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