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Author |
DOREAU M et al, |
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Title |
Activités alimentaires nocturnes du cheval au pâturage |
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Year |
1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Zootech |
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29 |
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299-304 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1022 |
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Author |
Bunnell, B.; Perkins, M. |
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Title |
Performance correlates of social behavior and organization: Social rank and complex problem solving in crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
515-523 |
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Abstract |
Abstract Seventeen male crab-eating macaques, drawn from two captive troops, were tested on a series of complex problem solving tasks in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (wgta). The animals were trained on a series of 6-trial object quality learning set problems followed by a series of 10-trial object quality learning set problems. They were then given problems in which the correct stimulus object was reversed part way through the problem. After the animals reached criterion on this task, the reversal learning set was then extinguished. High ranking animals made more intraproblem errors than low ranking animals on the 6-trial problems, but there was no relationship between social status and the rapidity with which the object quality learning set was established. Animals that received overtraining on the 6-trial problems transferred their learning virtually intact to the 10-trial problems; however, high ranking animals without overtraining made more errors than low ranking animals. On reversal learning and reversal extinction, high ranking animals made more errors on critical trials, indicating that they formed and extinguished the reversal set more slowly than low ranking animals. Object quality sets, as measured by trial-2 performance, were not affected by the reversal conditions. |
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2082 |
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Author |
Bunnell, B.; Gore, W.; Perkins, M. |
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Title |
Performance correlates of social behavior and organization: Social rank and reversal learning in crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
376-388 |
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Abstract Seventeen male crab-eating macaques drawn from two captive troops, were tested on a brightness discrimination, reversal learning task. Fourteen of these animals completed ten reversals. It was found that the performance of the three highest ranking animals from each troop, taken together, was poorer than that of the lower ranking animals that were tested. The high ranking animals made more errors before reaching criterion on both initial learning and the reversal problems. Analysis of error patterns revealed that, while the high ranking animals had no more difficulty than the others in withholding their responses to the previously correct stimulus following reversals, they did not adopt the correct strategy as soon as the low ranking animals. The results have been interpreted in terms of a carry-over of a hypothetical factor or factors resulting from pressures created by the ongoing social dynamics involved in establishing and maintaining a given social rank at the time laboratory testing occurred. |
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2083 |
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Author |
OKUDA Y et al, |
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Title |
Grazing behavior and heart rate of young thoroughbreds in pasture |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Equ Res Inst |
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Volume |
17 |
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8-20 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1432 |
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Asa, C.S.; Goldfoot, D.A.; Garcia, M.C.; Ginther, O.J. |
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Title |
Dexamethasone suppression of sexual behavior in the ovariectomized mare |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
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Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm Behav |
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14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
55-64 |
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Abstract |
The influence of steroids of adrenal cortical origin on estrous behavior in the ovariectomized mare was evaluated by adrenal suppression via dexamethasone (DEX) administration in two experiments. In Experiment I, 12 mares (six DEX, six control) were tested for sexual behavior in harem groups (two DEX and two control mares plus one stallion per group) for 9 consecutive days. In Experiment II, estradiol (E2) was given to a group of DEX-treated mares as an additional control. Twelve mares (four DEX, four DEX + E2, and four control) were tested in harem groups (one DEX, one DEX + E2, and one control mare plus one stallion per group) for 10 days. All DEX mares showed a clear suppression of sexual response compared to control or DEX + E2 mares, indicating that the estrous behavior seen in ovariectomized mares may be due to steroids from the adrenal cortex. The control and DEX + E2 mares were similar in all measures of proceptivity. Despite being more receptive, as indicated by fewer negative responses, the DEX + E2 mares received fewer intromissions and ejaculations than did the control animals. The ability of estradiol to induce estrous behavior in the dexamethasone-suppressed mare notwithstanding, other adrenal steroids, e.g., androgens, may be involved in estrous behavior in the untreated, ovariectomized mare. |
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0018-506x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5360 |
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Asa, C.S.; Goldfoot, D.A.; Garcia, M.C.; Ginther, O.J. |
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Title |
Sexual behavior in ovariectomized and seasonally anovulatory pony mares (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm Behav |
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14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
46-54 |
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Abstract |
Ten ovariectomized (OVEX) and ten intact, but seasonally anovulatory (ANOV), pony mares were observed for sexual activity with five stallions, using a “harem group” social testing paradigm (two OVEX and two ANOV mares plus one stallion per group) for 15 consecutive daily tests lasting 20 min each. All mares in both conditions showed proceptive behavior in at least one test, all mares but one were mounted, and 14 of 20 mares received ejaculations. No statistical differences were found between the two conditions for any measure of proceptivity, copulatory activity, or days in estrus. The quality of estrus was judged to be equivalent to that displayed by periovulatory mares during their initial and terminal days of estrus, but less intense than that seen near ovulation. Mares in both groups were in estrus during approximately 60-70% of the tests and only 3 of the 20 mares were sexually refractory for more than five consecutive tests. Thus, the typical 2-week phase of sexual refractoriness seen in intact diestrous mares was absent in OVEX and ANOV mares, suggesting that the ovary plays a major role in actively suppressing estrous responses during the luteal phase of the cycle. |
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0018-506x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5361 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R. |
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Title |
Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-18 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance |
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The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations. |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:7189148 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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59 |
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DREVEMO S et al, |
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Title |
Equine locomotion: The analysis of linear and temporal stride characteristics of trotting standardbreds |
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1980 |
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Equine Vet J |
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12 |
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60-65 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1025 |
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Author |
Jeffcott, L.B.; Dalin, G. |
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Title |
Natural rigaidity of the horse's backbone |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
101-108 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Back Pain/physiopathology/veterinary; Horses/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Spine/*anatomy & histology/physiology |
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Abstract |
The functional anatomy of the thoracolumbar (TL) spine is considered in relation to the horse's ability to perform at speed and to jump. The morphological features quite clearly show the relative inflexibility of the equine back and this was confirmed by some experimental studies. Fresh post mortem specimens from 5 Thoroughbreds were used to estimate the limits of dorsoventral movement of the TL spine from mid-thoracic to the cranial lumbar (T10-L2). The individual spinous processes could be moved a mean 1.1-6.0 mm on maximum ventroflexion and 0.8-3.8 mm on dorsiflexion. The overall flexibility of the back was found to be 53.1 mm. Caudal to the mid-point of the back (T13) there was virtually no lateral or rotatory movement of the spine possible. The pathogenesis of some of the common causes of back trouble are discussed including the so-called vertebral subluxation and its treatment by chiropractic manipulation. From an anatomical viewpoint, this condition appears to be a misnomer and may simply be attributable to muscular imbalance leading to aspastic scoliosis. |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:6447593 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3811 |
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Author |
Lloyd Ph, H.D. |
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Title |
A case of adaptation and rejection of foals in Cape Mountain Zebra |
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1980 |
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S Afr Wildl Res |
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10 |
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61-62 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1348 |
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