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| Author | Krueger, K. (ed) | ||||
| Title | Proceedings of the International Equine Science Meeting 2008 | Type | Conference Volume | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Keywords | Equine Ecology; Equine Sociality; Equine Learning; Equine Cognition; Equine Welfare | ||||
| Abstract | Target group: Biologists, Psychologists, Veterinarians and Professionals Meeting target: Because the last international meeting on Equine Science took place a couple years ago, there is an urgent need for equine scientists to exchange scientific knowledge, coordinate research provide knowledge for practical application, and discus research results among themselves and with professionals who work with horses. Additionally, dialog concerning the coordination of the study “Equitation Science” in Europe is urgently needed. Coordination and cooperation shall arise from the meeting, enrich the research, and advance the application of scientific knowledge for the horses` welfare. |
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| Publisher | Xenophon Verlag | Place of Publication | Wald | Editor | Krueger, K. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-9808134-0-2 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4508 | ||
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| Author | Berge, J.; Cottier, F.; Last, K.S.; Varpe, O.; Leu, E.; Soreide, J.; Eiane, K.; Falk-Petersen, S.; Willis, K.; Nygard, H.; Vogedes, D.; Griffiths, C.; Johnsen, G.; Lorentzen, D.; Brierley, A.S. | ||||
| Title | Diel vertical migration of Arctic zooplankton during the polar night | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Biology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Biol Lett |
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| Abstract | High-latitude environments show extreme seasonal variation in physical and biological variables. The classic paradigm of Arctic marine ecosystems holds that most biological processes slow down or cease during the polar night. One key process that is generally assumed to cease during winter is diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton. DVM constitutes the largest synchronized movement of biomass on the planet, and is of paramount importance for marine ecosystem function and carbon cycling. Here we present acoustic data that demonstrate a synchronized DVM behaviour of zooplankton that continues throughout the Arctic winter, in both open and ice-covered waters. We argue that even during the polar night, DVM is regulated by diel variations in solar and lunar illumination, which are at intensities far below the threshold of human perception. We also demonstrate that winter DVM is stronger in open waters compared with ice-covered waters. This suggests that the biologically mediated vertical flux of carbon will increase if there is a continued retreat of the Arctic winter sea ice cover. | ||||
| Address | University Centre in Svalbard, Pb 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratories, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1744-9561 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:18948249 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4629 | ||
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| Author | Björk, N. | ||||
| Title | Is it possible to measure the welfare of the ridden horse? | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | horse, welfare, training, learning, measure, assess | ||||
| Abstract | Since the time of domestication, humans have trained horses for the purpose of serving man. Different training methods have been developed throughout the centuries; some were developed with consideration for the horse's welfare, while others disregarded welfare to a great extent. Most present day training is based upon making the horse perform a desired behaviour through dominance and subordination. Although cooperative training techniques have gained popularity, everyday training lacks the application of learning theory or neglects the horse's learning capacities and their species' specific behaviour. Thus, the horse's welfare may be jeopardised. The aim with this review is to consider methods that allow an objective assessment of the welfare of horses undergoing training. The review gives a brief insight into the history of horse training and handling. It proceeds with an overview of the horse"s learning abilities which is argued to be of paramount importance for effective training. The review then describes a few selected training techniques that are used today, based on negative and positive reinforcement, and discusses parameters from which it could be possible to assess the welfare of the ridden horse. The work concludes with suggestion for future |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Bachelor's thesis | |||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4749 | ||
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| Author | Bertram, J.E.A.; Gutmann, A. | ||||
| Title | Motions of the running horse and cheetah revisited: fundamental mechanics of the transverse and rotary gallop | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Journal of The Royal Society Interface | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Mammals use two distinct gallops referred to as the transverse (where landing and take-off are contralateral) and rotary (where landing and take-off are ipsilateral). These two gallops are used by a variety of mammals, but the transverse gallop is epitomized by the horse and the rotary gallop by the cheetah. In this paper, we argue that the fundamental difference between these gaits is determined by which set of limbs, fore or hind, initiates the transition of the centre of mass from a downward–forward to upward–forward trajectory that occurs between the main ballistic (non-contact) portions of the stride when the animal makes contact with the ground. The impulse-mediated directional transition is a key feature of locomotion on limbs and is one of the major sources of momentum and kinetic energy loss, and a main reason why active work must be added to maintain speed in locomotion. Our analysis shows that the equine gallop transition is initiated by a hindlimb contact and occurs in a manner in some ways analogous to the skipping of a stone on a water surface. By contrast, the cheetah gallop transition is initiated by a forelimb contact, and the mechanics appear to have much in common with the human bipedal run. Many mammals use both types of gallop, and the transition strategies that we describe form points on a continuum linked even to functionally symmetrical running gaits such as the tölt and amble. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1098/rsif.2008.0328 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4780 | ||
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| Author | Götz, C. | ||||
| Title | Praxishandbuch Freispringen: Gymnastik – Training – Abwechslung | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Issue | Pages | 80 | ||
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| Abstract | Aus dem Inhalt: * Warum Freispringen? * Die Ausstattung * Der Ablauf * Sehen lernen * Freispringen aufbauen * Fehler korrigieren Kurzbeschreibung In vielen größeren Reitställen wird das Freispringen von den dortigen Ausbildern für die untergestellten Pferde angeboten. Doch auch in Eigenregie und auf kleineren Anlagen – sowohl in der Halle als auch auf dem Reitplatz – lässt sich das Freispringen organisieren und durchführen. Es bringt Abwechslung in den Trainingsalltag von Pferden aller Rassen und Reitweisen und hat auch für Pferde, die unter dem Sattel nicht springen müssen, einen hervorragenden gymnastizierenden Effekt. Für Springpferde gehört das Freispringen zu einem durchdachten Trainingskonzept zwingend dazu – lernen sie hierbei doch, Selbstvertrauen und Routine zu gewinnen und ihre Springtechnik zu verbessern. Voraussetzung ist, dass die Menschen, die das Freispringen durchführen, die Hindernisse sachkundig aufbauen, die Pferde richtig vorbereiten und den Ablauf des Freispringens den Fähigkeiten des jeweiligen Kandidaten entsprechend gestalten. Das notwendige Handwerkszeug hierfür liefert ihnen dieses verständlich geschriebene und mit vielen erläuternden Bildern und Bildabfolgen versehene Buch. Über den Autor Claudia Götz, geboren 1965, ist Diplomjournalistin und arbeitet unter anderem als Sachbuchautorin. Als Matrix-Rhythmus-Therapeutin verfügt sie über umfangreiches Wissen rund um Anatomie und Physiologie der Muskulatur und bildet sich zum Beispiel im Bereich Trainingslehre regelmäßig weiter. Die Berittführerin FN und begeisterte Vielseitigkeits- und Freizeitreiterin lebt in der Nähe von Regensburg. |
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| Publisher | Cadmos Verlag | Place of Publication | Brunsbek | Editor | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3861274476 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4954 | ||
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| Author | Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J. | ||||
| Title | Comparing Networks | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Exploring Animal Social Networks | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Issue | Pages | 141-162 | ||
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| Abstract | Social network analysis is used widely in the social sciences to study interactions among people, groups, and organizations, yet until now there has been no book that shows behavioral biologists how to apply it to their work on animal populations. Exploring Animal Social Networks provides a practical guide for researchers, undergraduates, and graduate students in ecology, evolutionary biology, animal behavior, and zoology. Existing methods for studying animal social structure focus either on one animal and its interactions or on the average properties of a whole population. This book enables researchers to probe animal social structure at all levels, from the individual to the population. No prior knowledge of network theory is assumed. The authors give a step-by-step introduction to the different procedures and offer ideas for designing studies, collecting data, and interpreting results. They examine some of today's most sophisticated statistical tools for social network analysis and show how they can be used to study social interactions in animals, including cetaceans, ungulates, primates, insects, and fish. Drawing from an array of techniques, the authors explore how network structures influence individual behavior and how this in turn influences, and is influenced by, behavior at the population level. Throughout, the authors use two software packages--UCINET and NETDRAW--to illustrate how these powerful analytical tools can be applied to different animal social organizations. Darren P. Croft is lecturer in animal behavior at the University of Wales, Bangor. Richard James is senior lecturer in physics at the University of Bath. Jens Krause is professor of behavioral ecology at the University of Leeds. Reviews: “Exploring Animal Social Networks shows behavioral biologists how to apply social network theory to animal populations. In doing so, Croft, James, and Krause illustrate the connections between an animal's individual behaviors and how these, in turn, influence and are influenced by behavior at the population level. . . . Valuable for readers interested in using quantitative analyses to study animal social behaviors.”--Choice “[T]his volume provides an engaging, accessible, and timely introduction to the use of network theory methods for examining the social behavior of animals.”--Noa Pinter-Wollman, Quarterly Review of Biology “The book is a useful 'handbook' providing detailed, stepwise procedures sufficient to allow the reader to address a broad range of questions about social interactions. . . . The book includes numerous examples of the kind of research questions one might ask, and, thus, it allows the reader to find the analysis that best fits the data set to be analyzed. Thus, even readers with minimal prior knowledge of social network analysis will be able to apply this approach. And if further assistance is needed, the authors provide numerous references to specific procedures that have been used by others.”--Thomas R. Zentall, PsycCRITIQUES Endorsements: “An important and timely addition to the literature. This book should be readily accessible to researchers who are interested in animal social organization but who have little or no experience in conducting network analysis. The book is well-written in an engaging style and contains a good number of examples drawn from a range of taxonomic groups.”--Paul R. Moorcroft, Harvard University More Endorsements Table of Contents: Preface vii Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Networks 1 Chapter 2: Data Collection 19 Chapter 3: Visual Exploration 42 Chapter 4: Node-Based Measures 64 Chapter 5: Statistical Tests of Node-Based Measures 88 Chapter 6: Searching for Substructures 117 Chapter 7: Comparing Networks 141 Chapter 8: Conclusions 163 Glossary of Frequently Used Terms 173 References 175 Index 187 Subject Area: * Biological Sciences |
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| Publisher | Princton University Press | Place of Publication | Princeton, NY | Editor | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4955 | ||
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| Author | Virányi, Zs.; Range, F.; Huber, L. | ||||
| Title | Attentiveness toward others and social learning in domestic dogs. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Learning from Animals?: Examining the Nature of Human Uniqueness | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Issue | Pages | 141-154 | ||
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| Publisher | Psychology Press | Place of Publication | New York, NY | Editor | Röska-hardy,L.S.. ;Neumann-held, E. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-1-84169-707-9 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4974 | ||
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| Author | Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J. (eds) | ||||
| Title | Exploring Animal Social Networks | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | Princton University Press | Place of Publication | Princton | Editor | Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780691127521 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5139 | ||
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| Author | Hoffmann; G. | ||||
| Title | Bewegungsaktivität und Stressbelastung bei Pferden in Auslaufhaltungssystemen mit verschiedenen Bewegungsangeboten | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Dissertation | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Pferdehaltungssysteme mit angrenzenden Ausläufen gelten als eine sehr tiergerechte Haltungsform, da sie den Tieren eine gewisse Bewegungsmöglichkeit bieten. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, zu erfassen, ob der angrenzende Auslauf selbst einen ausreichenden Anreiz zur Bewegung darstellt und wie sich verschiedene Bewegungs- und Platzangebote auf die Bewegungsaktivität von Pferden in einer Gruppen-Auslaufhaltung auswirken. Zudem wurde ermittelt, welche Auswirkung die Bewegungsform bzw. –intensität auf das Wohlbefinden der Tiere hat. Der Großteil der in Deutschland gehaltenen Pferde verbringt die meiste Zeit des Tages im Stall, obwohl mittlerweile bekannt ist, dass Pferde unter natürlichen Haltungsbedingungen 12 bis 16 Stunden des Tages in Bewegung verbringen. Der Optimierung der Stallhaltungssysteme gilt daher ein besonderes Interesse. Zu diesem Zweck wurden von September 2004 bis Oktober 2005 Versuche mit 24 Warmblutstuten im Alter von 1½ bis 3½ Jahren in Einzel- und Gruppen- Auslaufhaltungssystemen durchgeführt. Jeweils sechs Pferde bildeten eine Versuchsgruppe. In jeder Gruppe fanden fünf Varianten von einer ca. dreiwöchigen Dauer statt. Die Gruppenhaltung wurde dabei durch drei unterschiedliche Zusatzbewegungsangebote (2 Std. Weide / Tag, 2 Std. unbegrünte Koppel / Tag, 1 Std. Freilauf- Führanlage / Tag) ergänzt. In der Einzel-Auslaufhaltung (Box mit 45 m²-großem angrenzenden Auslauf) und in einer Versuchsvariante der Gruppenhaltung bekamen die Pferde hingegen keine zusätzliche Bewegung außerhalb des Stallhaltungssystems angeboten. Das Gruppenhaltungssystem selbst war durch die räumliche Trennung der Funktionsbereiche (Liegen, Fressen, Trinken, Bewegen) gekennzeichnet und der angrenzende Auslauf war 270 m² groß. In einer zusätzlichen Versuchsphase fand in der Gruppenhaltung eine Erweiterung des permanent zugänglichen Auslaufs auf insg. 540 m² statt. Die Bewegungsaktivität wurde mit Pedometern erfasst, die an jeweils einem Hinterbein der Pferde befestigt wurden und ergänzend fand eine Analyse von Videoaufzeichnungen statt. Zur Beurteilung der Stressbelastung fanden Messungen der Herz192 Zusammenfassung frequenzvariabilität (Parameter HF und SD2) und der fäkalen Cortisolmetabolitenkonzentration statt. Die Auswertung des Bewegungsverhaltens ergab, dass eine zusätzliche zweistündige freie Bewegung der Pferdegruppe auf einer Weide zu einer deutlichen Steigerung der durchschnittlichen Bewegungsaktivität (149,6 Min. / Tag) führt, ebenso wie eine einstündige Bewegung in einer Führanlage (173,0 Min. / Tag). Eine unbegrünte Koppel regte die Pferde der Gruppenhaltung hingegen nicht zu vermehrter Bewegung an (131,6 Min. / Tag), sondern bewirkte z. T. sogar eine Abnahme der Bewegungsaktivität. In der Gruppen-Auslaufhaltung ohne zusätzliches Bewegungsangebot war die Bewegungsaktivität ebenfalls gering (125,8 Min / Tag) und während der Einzel-Auslaufhaltung ohne Zusatzbewegung zeigten die Pferde die geringste Bewegungsaktivität (102,3 Min. / Tag). Bei der alleinigen Analyse der Bewegungszeit im Stallhaltungssystem war kein signifikanter Einfluss der zusätzlichen Bewegung außerhalb des Stallsystems auf die übrige Fortbewegung feststellbar. Auch eine Vergrößerung des an den Stall angrenzenden Auslaufs im Gruppenhaltungssystem hatte keinen steigernden Einfluss auf das Bewegungsverhalten der Pferde. Die Stressbelastung der Pferde war in den Varianten der Gruppenhaltung mit zweistündigem Weidegang (SD2: 82,9 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 29,0 nmol / kg Kot) sowie der einstündigen Bewegung in einer Freilauf-Führanlage (SD2: 99,2 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 27,7 nmol / kg Kot) am geringsten. Die Untersuchungen zeigten eine Stresszunahme in der Gruppenhaltung mit zweistündigem Auslauf auf einer unbegrünten Koppel ohne Futterangebot (SD2: 101,3 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 39,6 nmol / kg Kot) sowie in der Variante der Gruppenhaltung ohne zusätzliches Bewegungsangebot (SD2: 113,3 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 38,4 nmol / kg Kot). Dem Mittelwert der Gruppe nach zu folgern hatten die Pferde während der Einzelhaltung ohne Zusatzbewegung eine sehr große Stressbelastung (SD2: 123,8 ms; Cortisolmetaboliten: 37,5 nmol / kg Kot). Ein Vergleich der Gruppen- und Einzelhaltung hinsichtlich der Herzfrequenzvariabilität hat jedoch gezeigt, dass insg. 70 % der Pferde während der Haltung in einer Gruppe weniger Stress empfinden. Es gab aber auch Zusammenfassung 193 Pferde (30 %), die in der Einzelhaltung eine abnehmende Stressbelastung zeigten, wobei hier der Einfluss der Rangordnung eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen scheint. Durch die Auswertung mehrerer Messparameter (sowohl für Stress- als auch für Bewegungsverhalten) werden gleichgerichtete Tendenzen bei den Versuchsvarianten deutlich, allerdings ist eine eindeutige Gewichtung der Parameter nicht möglich. Somit ist die methodische Vorgehensweise dieser Untersuchung sehr positiv und als notwendig anzusehen, da die Messdaten auch immer gewissen Schwankungen durch externe Einflüsse unterliegen. Allgemein ist festzuhalten, dass Auslaufhaltungssysteme zwar eine gewisse Anregung zur Bewegung bieten, aber mit maximal vier Stunden (insg. 62 – 248 Min.) Bewegung pro Tag war der tägliche Anteil an Bewegung sehr viel geringer als beispielsweise bei Pferden in freier Wildbahn oder ganzjähriger Weidehaltung. Somit deckt ein Auslaufhaltungssystem trotz getrennter Funktionsbereiche und eines großen Auslaufs nicht den Bewegungsbedarf der Pferde, wenn keine zusätzlichen Bewegungsanreize und –möglichkeiten angeboten werden. Eine zusätzliche Bewegung von Pferden ist nicht nur zur Gesunderhaltung des Bewegungsapparates und der Körperfunktionen notwendig, sondern auch um das Wohlbefinden und die Ausgeglichenheit der Pferde zu steigern. [Horse husbandry systems with close-by discharge are considered to be a very livestock- friendly housing form, as they offer a certain movement opportunity for the animals. The aim of the present study was to examine how different movement and space offerings affect the movement activities of horses in a group horse husbandry with close-by discharge, and whether the discharge provides itself an adequate incentive for movement. The impact that the form or rather intensity of movement has on the wellbeing of the animals was also established. Most of the horses held in Germany spend most of the day in the stable, although it is meanwhile known that horses under natural housing conditions are 12 to 16 hours of the day in motion. Therefore the improvement of stable housing systems applies a special interest. For this purpose, 24 warmblood mares, aged from 1½ to 3½ years, were studied in single and group discharge husbandry systems from September 2004 until October 2005. Six horses formed an experimental group. In every group five variants of approximately three weeks were proceeded. Thereby the group husbandry was supplemented with three different additional movement opportunities (2 h pasture / day, 2 h non-grassy pasture land / day, 1 h free range horse walker / day). In the single discharge husbandry (single box with 45 sq. m-large close-by discharge) and in one experimental variant of the group husbandry got the horses, however, offered no additional movement outside the husbandry system. The group husbandry system itself was marked by the spatial division of the functional areas (lying, eating, drinking, moving) and the close-by discharge measured 270 sq. m. In an additional phase of the study, and expansion of the permanently accessible close-by discharge to 540 sq. m was found. The movement activity was documented with pedometers attached respectively to one hind leg of the horse and a supplementary analysis of video documentation. To evaluate the stress exposure measurements of heart frequency variability (parameters HF and SD2) and of the faecal cortisol metabolite concentration were performed. Summary 195 The interpretation of the movement behaviour showed that additional two hours of free movement on a pasture led to a significant increase in the average movement activity (149.6 min / day), as well as one hour movement in a horsewalker did (173.0 min / day). The non-grassy pasture land, however, didn’t inspire the horses of the group husbandry to increased movement (131.6 min / day), but sometimes even caused a decrease in movement activity. In the group discharge husbandry without additional movement opportunities the movement activity was also low (125.8 min / day), and during the single discharge husbandry without additional movement the horses showed the least movement activity (102.3 min / day). In analysing only the movement time in the stable system was no significant impact of the additional movement outside the housing system to the rest of locomotion ascertainable. As well an expansion of the close-by stable discharge in the group husbandry system had no increasing influence on the movement behaviour of the horses. The stress exposure of the horses was least in the variations of group husbandry with two hours on a pasture (SD2: 82.9 ms; cortisol metabolites: 29.0 nmol / kg faeces) as well as one hour of movement in a free range horse walker (SD2: 99.2 ms; cortisol metabolites: 27.7 nmol / kg faeces). The studies showed a rise in stress in group husbandry with two hours of movement on a non-grassy pasture land without feeding opportunity (SD2: 101.3 ms; cortisol metabolites: 39.6 nmol / kg faeces) as well as in the variation of the group husbandry without additional movement offerings (SD2: 113.3 ms; cortisol metabolites: 38.4 nmol / kg faeces). Judging from the mean of the group the horses had a very high stress exposure in the variation of the single husbandry without additional movement offerings (SD2: 123.8 ms; cortisol metabolites: 37.5 nmol / kg faeces). But a comparison of the group and single husbandry in terms of the heart frequency variability showed that alltogether 70 % of the horses experienced less stress if hold in a group. However, some horses (30 %) showed reducing stress in the single husbandry, whereas here the influence of social hierarchy seems to play a decisive role. 196 Summary In consequence of the examination of several measuring parameters (both for stressand for movement behaviour) parallel aligned tendencies become apparent in the experimental variants, however, is a unique weighting of the parameters not possible. Thus, the methodological approach of this study is to be regarde as very positive and necessary, since the data always vary with some fluctuations by external influences. In general it can be established that discharge husbandry systems offer some incentive for the horse to move, but with a maximum of four hours (overall 62 – 248 min) of movement per day, the daily proportion of movement was much less than, for example, in the case of wild horses or year-round pasture keeping. Thus, if no additional movement incentives and possibilities are offered, the discharge husbandry system doesn’t cover the movement needs of the horse despite separate functional areas and a large outside discharge. Additional movement is not only necessary to keep the musculoskeletal system and bodily functions of the horse healthy, but also to ensure the horse’s well being and mental balance.] |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5660 | ||
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| Author | Whitehead , H. | ||||
| Title | Analyzing Animal Societies. Quantitative Methods for Vertebrate Social Analysis | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | chicago | Editor | |
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| Notes | EAN: 9780226895246 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5838 | ||
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