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| Author | Linklater, W.L.; Cameron, E.Z.; Stafford, K.J.; Veltman, C.J. | ||||
| Title | Social and spatial structure and range use by Kaimanawa wild horses (Equus caballus: Equidae) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | New Zealand Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | New Zealand J. Ecol. |
Volume  |
24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 139-152 |
| Keywords | Bachelor male; Band; Density; Habitat use; Home range; Management proposals; Micro-climate; Vegetation monitoring; habitat use; home range; mammal; social structure; spatial distribution; New Zealand; Equus caballus | ||||
| Abstract | We measured horse density, social structure, habitat use, home ranges and altitudinal micro-climates in the south-western Kaimanawa ranges east of Waiouru, New Zealand. Horse density in the Auahitotara ecological sector averaged 3.6 horses.km-2 and ranged from 0.9 to 5.2 horses.km-2 within different zones. The population's social structure was like that of other feral horse populations with an even adult sex ratio, year round breeding groups (bands) with stable adult membership consisting of 1 to 11 mares, 1 to 4 stallions, and their predispersal offspring, and bachelor groups with unstable membership. Bands and bachelor males were loyal to undefended home ranges with central core use areas. Band home range sizes varied positively with adult band size. Home ranges overlapped entirely with other home ranges. Horses were more likely to occupy north facing aspects, short tussock vegetation and flush zones and avoid high altitudes, southern aspects, steeper slopes, bare ground and forest remnants. Horses were more likely to be on north facing aspects, steeper slopes, in exotic and red tussock grasslands and flush zones during winter and at lower altitudes and on gentler slopes in spring and summer. Seasonal shifts by bands to river basin and stream valley floors in spring and higher altitudes in autumn and winter are attributed to the beginning of foaling and mating in spring and formation of frost inversion layers in winter. Given horse habitat selectivity and the presence of other ungulate herbivores, results from present exclosures are likely to exaggerate the size of horse impacts on range vegetation. Proposals to manage the population by relocation and confinement are likely to modify current social structure and range use behaviour and may lead to the need for more intensive management in the longer term. | ||||
| Address | Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand | ||||
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| ISSN | 01106465 (Issn) | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 12; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: English; Correspondence Address: Linklater, W.L.; Ecology Group; Institute of Natural Resources; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North, New Zealand; email: wlinklater@hotmail.com | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 793 | ||
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| Author | Holmstrom, M.; Magnusson, L.E.; Philipsson, J. | ||||
| Title | Variation in conformation of Swedish warmblood horses and conformational characteristics of elite sport horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
22 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 186-193 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Breeding; Female; Forelimb/anatomy & histology; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology; Horses/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Least-Squares Analysis; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Regression Analysis; Sex Characteristics | ||||
| Abstract | The variation in conformation of 356 Swedish Warmblood horses is described, using a quantitative method of measuring horses. Thirty-three of the horses were elite dressage horses, 28 were elite showjumpers, 100 were riding school horses and 195 were unselected four-year-olds. Most horses had a long body form. The average height at the withers was 163.4 cm. Sixty per cent of the horses had a bench knee conformation, 50 per cent had a toe-in conformation of the forelimbs and 80 per cent had outwardly rotated hind limbs. The majority of these deviations were mild or moderate. Conformation was influenced by sex and age. Mares were smaller and had longer bodies and shorter limbs. The elite dressage horses and showjumpers had larger hock angles and more sloping scapulas than other horses. The showjumpers also had smaller fetlock angles in the front limbs. It is suggested that the larger hock angles among the elite horses may be because hocks with small angles are more prone to injury, and because small hock angles may negatively influence the ability to attain the degree of collection necessary for good performance in advanced classes. | ||||
| Address | Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2361507 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3756 | ||
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| Author | Steinhoff-Wagner, J. | ||||
| Title | Coat Clipping of Horses: A Survey | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science | Abbreviated Journal | Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
| Volume |
22 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 171-187 |
| Keywords | Equine, thermoregulation, shaving, winter pelage removal | ||||
| Abstract | Coat clipping is a common practice in sport horses; however, timing, purpose, technique, and clips vary widely, as do the management and feeding of a clipped horse. The aim of this study was to collect data regarding common clipping practices. A questionnaire was published online in Germany and contained 32 questions. Four hundred ninety-eight people answered at least one question, and 373 individuals (7% male, 93% female; ages 14–59 years) completed all the questions. Clipped horses were predominantly used as sport horses (68%), and they were either clipped immediately before or during the winter season (88%) or year-round (7%). The clipping date was scheduled according to hair length (52%), sweat amount (47%), and drying time (47%). Participants primarily used two clips: the hunter clip and the blanket clip, both without clipping the head (23% each). The majority of the clipped horses wore a blanket day and night (> 90%). Future studies with observations in the field are needed to support survey data in an effort to develop welfare recommendations for clipping practices utilized with horses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Routledge | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1088-8705 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1454319 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6613 | ||
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| Author | Kraft, C.N.; Urban, N.; Ilg, A.; Wallny, T.; Scharfstadt, A.; Jager, M.; Pennekamp, P.H. | ||||
| Title | [Influence of the riding discipline and riding intensity on the incidence of back pain in competitive horseback riders] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin | Abbreviated Journal | Sportverletz Sportschaden |
| Volume |
21 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 29-33 |
| Keywords | Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Female; Horses; Humans; Incidence; Low Back Pain/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; *Sports/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | INTRODUCTION: The connection between morphologic changes of the spine and the intensity of training has been assessed for a number of sport activities. The influence of horseback riding on the spine has only rarely been evaluated. The aim of our study was to evaluate to what degree horseback riders suffer from back pain and whether there is an association between this parameter and the category i. e. the intensity of horseback riding. Furthermore we wanted to judge whether riding may have a positive effect on pre-existent back pain. METHODS: 508 horseback riders (63.2 % females; 36.8 % males) competing in either dressage, showjumping or vaulting were interviewed using a questionnaire. Apart from biometric data, the intensity with which riding was performed and the localisation and intensity (VAS) of back pain was assessed. Furthermore, in the case of existing back pain, riders were asked whether different riding disciplines and paces changed the intensity of pain. RESULTS: 300 dressage riders (59.1 %), 188 showjumpers (37.0 %) and 20 vaulters (3.9 %) with an average age of 33.5 Jahre (12 – 77 years) were questioned. The incidence of back pain was 72.5 %. A significant correlation between back pain and riding discipline respectively gender or riding level could not be found. Discrepancies in VAS-score for dressage riders (3.95 +/- 0.13), show jumpers (4.10 +/- 0.16) and vaulters (3.76 +/- 0.5) were marginal and not significant (p > 0.05). Overall 58.7 % resp. 15.2 % reported to have pain in the lumbar i.e cervical spine. Despite the fact that a large fraction of dressage riders claimed to have problems in these spine areas with 57.7 % resp. 68.8 %, this finding was not significant compared to the other riding disciplines. While 61.6 % of dressage riders reported an improvement of their back pain when riding, this was only the case in 40.9 % of show jumpers. CONCLUSION: Compared to the general population, a high incidence of back pain is found among riders. A significant correlation between the intensity of riding or the riding discipline and frequency or severity of back pain could not be found. For riders with pre-existent back pain the pace “walk” seems to have a positive influence on pain intensity. | ||||
| Address | Klinik und Poliklinik fur Orthopadie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Dusseldorf. clayton.kraft@med.uni-duesseldorf.de | ||||
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Einfluss der Reitdisziplin und -intensitat auf die Inzidenz von Ruckenschmerzen bei Reitsportlern | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0932-0555 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17385102 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3706 | ||
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| Author | Gibbs, P.G.; Cohen, N.D. | ||||
| Title | Early management of race-bred weanlings and yearlings on farms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
| Volume |
21 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 279-283 |
| Keywords | Equine, management, growth, nutrition, marketing | ||||
| Abstract | A total of 58 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse farms that managed 1,987 weanlings and yearlings responded to a survey designed to better characterize early management of racing prospects. Average age at weaning was 5.5 months and over half of all farms kept almost three-fourths of all weanlings to be placed in pre-race training. Variation in feeding practices was evident and while well over half of all farms provided balanced nutrient supply to young horses, 20% to 40% likely fed unbalanced diets. An obvious preference existed for semi-confinement in young horses with plenty of free exercise. The majority of farms reported that young prospects were fed and managed for a moderate rate of growth. Forced exercise occurred to a much larger extent with yearlings than weanlings and 40% of farms described the footing as soft, but not deep. Response to the prevalence of developmental orthopedic diseases appeared somewhat guarded, and average injury rate was low on farms that attributed much of injury to horses playing too hard. Technological advancements such as photoperiod manipulation in broodmares were widely used, while valuable tools such as body condition scoring were utilized to a lesser extent. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5758 | ||
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| Author | Dargatz, D.A.; Traub-Dargatz, J.L. | ||||
| Title | Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
| Volume |
20 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 587-600 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology; Cross Infection/prevention & control/*veterinary; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Horse Diseases/*drug therapy/transmission; Horses; Infection Control/methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary; Salmonella/*drug effects; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*drug therapy/transmission | ||||
| Abstract | Nosocomial infections are a serious threat to optimum patient care. In addition, nosocomial infections can have far-reaching consequences for the hospital personnel and the financial aspects of the hospital. Nosocomial infections with Salmonella spp have been described among hospitalized equine populations more frequently than any other agent. Salmonella spp associated with hospitalized equids often possess more antimicrobial resistance determinants than do Salmonella spp isolated from healthy horses in the general population. There is little evidence to suggest that resistant salmonellae are more virulent than nonresistant forms. MDR forms of Salmonella complicate the selection of appropriate antimicrobials when they are indicated, however. Furthermore, the use of some antimicrobials may apply selection pressure toward enhanced ability of MDR Salmonella to colonize equine patients. Further research should help to elucidate the risky uses of antimicrobials in the hospital setting and define the role of disinfectants and treatments such as NSAIDs in the ecology of MDR forms of nosocomial infections, including Salmonella. In the meantime, thoughtful selection of when and how to use antimicrobials in equine patients, together with deliberate selection of which antimicrobials to use based on monitoring data and other factors, such as safety and spectrum, is advised. | ||||
| Address | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building MS 2E7, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0749-0739 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15519820 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2632 | ||
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| Author | Lyn, H.; Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S. | ||||
| Title | Observational word learning in two bonobos (Pan paniscus): ostensive and non-ostensive contexts | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Language & Communication | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
20 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 255-273 |
| Keywords | Language acquisition; Bonobo; Fast mapping | ||||
| Abstract | Word learning has been extensively studied in humans. Children seem to be able to map new words onto objects with only one exposure to the referent. This ability has been called “fast mapping”(Carey, 1978 and Carey). Using a modified human paradigm, this paper explores two language-competent bonobos' (Pan paniscus) abilities to map new words to objects in realistic surroundings with few exposures to the referents. This paper also investigates the necessity of the apes maintaining visual contact (ostensive context) with the item to map the novel name onto the novel object. The bonobos tested in this experiment were able to map new words onto objects and could do so without visual contact with the items. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4675 | ||
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| Author | Manning, G.S.; Ratanarat, C. | ||||
| Title | Fasciolopsis buski (Lankester, 1857) in Thailand | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume |
19 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 613-619 |
| Keywords | Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; *Disease Reservoirs; Dogs; Ecology; *Fasciolidae; Feces; Female; Health Surveys; Horses; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; *Plants, Edible; Sex Factors; *Snails; Swine; Thailand; Trematode Infections/*epidemiology | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9637 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5425498 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2734 | ||
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| Author | Rudran, R. | ||||
| Title | Adult male replacement in one-male troops of purple-faced langurs (Presbytis senex senex) and its effect on population structure | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1973 | Publication | Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
19 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 166-192 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Humans; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4201908 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4182 | ||
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| Author | Nicol, C.J.; Adachi, M.; Akiyama, T.E.; Gonzalez, F.J. | ||||
| Title | PPARgamma in endothelial cells influences high fat diet-induced hypertension | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American journal of hypertension : journal of the American Society of Hypertension | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Hypertens |
| Volume |
18 | Issue | 4 Pt 1 | Pages | 549-556 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology; Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelial Cells/*metabolism; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects; Hypertension/*etiology; Ligands; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; PPAR gamma/*metabolism; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands improve human hypertension. However, the mechanism and site of this effect remains unknown, confounded by PPARgamma expression in many cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS: To evaluate the vascular role of PPARgamma we used a conditional null mouse model. Specific disruption of PPARgamma in ECs was created by crossing Tie2-Cre+ transgenic (T2T+) and PPARgamma-floxed (fl/fl) mice to generate PPARgamma (fl/fl)T2T+ (PPARgamma E-null) mice. Conscious 8- to 12-week-old congenic PPARgamma (fl/fl)Cre- (wild type) and PPARgamma E-null mice were examined for changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), untreated, after 2 months of salt-loading (drinking water), and after treatment for 3 months with high fat (HF) diet alone or supplemented during the last 2 weeks with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/d). RESULTS: Untreated PPARgamma E-nulls were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. However, compared to similarly treated wild types, HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls had significantly elevated systolic BP not seen after normal diet or salt-loading. Despite sex-dependent baseline differences, salt-loaded and HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls of either sex had significantly elevated HR versus wild types. Interestingly, rosiglitazone improved serum insulin levels, but not HF diet-induced hypertension, in PPARgamma E-null mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PPARgamma in ECs not only is an important regulator of hypertension and HR under stressed conditions mimicking those arising in type 2 diabetics, but also mediates the antihypertensive effects of rosiglitazone. These data add evidence supporting a beneficial role for PPARgamma-specific ligands in the treatment of hypertension, and suggest therapeutic strategies targeting ECs may prove useful. | ||||
| Address | Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0895-7061 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15831367 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 69 | ||
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