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Author | Fuller, T.K.; Sampson, B.A. | ||||
Title | Evaluation of a simulated howling survey for wolves | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | J Widl Manag | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 52 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Fuller1988 | Serial | 6458 | ||
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Author | Burton, A.C.; Neilson, E.; Moreira, D.; Ladle, A.; Steenweg, R.; Fisher, J.T.; Bayne, E.; Boutin, S. | ||||
Title | REVIEW: Wildlife camera trapping: a review and recommendations for linking surveys to ecological processes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Ecol |
Volume | 52 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 675-685 |
Keywords | animal movement; camera trap; capture-recapture; density estimation; imperfect detection; mammal monitoring; occupancy model; relative abundance; sampling error; wildlife survey methodology | ||||
Abstract | Summary Reliable assessment of animal populations is a long-standing challenge in wildlife ecology. Technological advances have led to widespread adoption of camera traps (CTs) to survey wildlife distribution, abundance and behaviour. As for any wildlife survey method, camera trapping must contend with sources of sampling error such as imperfect detection. Early applications focused on density estimation of naturally marked species, but there is growing interest in broad-scale CT surveys of unmarked populations and communities. Nevertheless, inferences based on detection indices are controversial, and the suitability of alternatives such as occupancy estimation is debatable. We reviewed 266 CT studies published between 2008 and 2013. We recorded study objectives and methodologies, evaluating the consistency of CT protocols and sampling designs, the extent to which CT surveys considered sampling error, and the linkages between analytical assumptions and species ecology. Nearly two-thirds of studies surveyed more than one species, and a majority used response variables that ignored imperfect detection (e.g. presence?absence, relative abundance). Many studies used opportunistic sampling and did not explicitly report details of sampling design and camera deployment that could affect conclusions. Most studies estimating density used capture?recapture methods on marked species, with spatially explicit methods becoming more prominent. Few studies estimated density for unmarked species, focusing instead on occupancy modelling or measures of relative abundance. While occupancy studies estimated detectability, most did not explicitly define key components of the modelling framework (e.g. a site) or discuss potential violations of model assumptions (e.g. site closure). Studies using relative abundance relied on assumptions of equal detectability, and most did not explicitly define expected relationships between measured responses and underlying ecological processes (e.g. animal abundance and movement). Synthesis and applications. The rapid adoption of camera traps represents an exciting transition in wildlife survey methodology. We remain optimistic about the technology's promise, but call for more explicit consideration of underlying processes of animal abundance, movement and detection by cameras, including more thorough reporting of methodological details and assumptions. Such transparency will facilitate efforts to evaluate and improve the reliability of camera trap surveys, ultimately leading to stronger inferences and helping to meet modern needs for effective ecological inquiry and biodiversity monitoring. | ||||
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Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0021-8901 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12432 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6703 | ||
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Author | Hartmann, E.; Christensen, J.W.; McGreevy, P.D. | ||||
Title | Dominance and Leadership: Useful Concepts in Human-Horse Interactions? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | Proceedings of the 2017 Equine Science Symposium |
Volume | 52 | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | |
Keywords | Horse; Social order; Dominance hierarchy; Aggression; Injury; Learning; Training | ||||
Abstract | Dominance hierarchies in horses primarily influence priority access to limited resources of any kind, resulting in predictable contest outcomes that potentially minimize aggressive encounters and associated risk of injury. Levels of aggression in group-kept horses under domestic conditions have been reported to be higher than in their feral counterparts but can often be attributed to suboptimal management. Horse owners often express concerns about the risk of injuries occurring in group-kept horses, but these concerns have not been substantiated by empirical investigations. What has not yet been sufficiently addressed are human safety aspects related to approaching and handling group-kept horses. Given horse's natural tendency to synchronize activity to promote group cohesion, questions remain about how group dynamics influence human-horse interactions. Group dynamics influence a variety of management scenarios, ranging from taking a horse out of its social group to the prospect of humans mimicking the horse's social system by taking a putative leadership role and seeking after an alpha position in the dominance hierarchy to achieve compliance. Yet, there is considerable debate about whether the roles horses attain in their social group are of any relevance in their reactions to humans. This article reviews the empirical data on social dynamics in horses, focusing on dominance and leadership theories and the merits of incorporating those concepts into the human-horse context. This will provide a constructive framework for informed debate and valuable guidance for owners managing group-kept horses and for optimizing human-horse interactions. | ||||
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ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6712 | ||
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Author | Lim, M.M.; Young, L.J. | ||||
Title | Neuropeptidergic regulation of affiliative behavior and social bonding in animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Hormones and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Hormon. Behav. |
Volume | 50 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 506-517 |
Keywords | Vasopressin receptor; Oxytocin receptor; Social recognition; Social behavior; Pair bond; Autism; Neuropeptides | ||||
Abstract | Social relationships are essential for maintaining human mental health, yet little is known about the brain mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of social bonds. Animal models are powerful tools for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms regulating the cognitive processes leading to the development of social relationships and for potentially extending our understanding of the human condition. In this review, we discuss the roles of the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin in the regulation of social bonding as well as related social behaviors which culminate in the formation of social relationships in animal models. The formation of social bonds is a hierarchical process involving social motivation and approach, the processing of social stimuli and formation of social memories, and the social attachment itself. Oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated in each of these processes. Specifically, these peptides facilitate social affiliation and parental nurturing behavior, are essential for social recognition in rodents, and are involved in the formation of selective mother-infant bonds in sheep and pair bonds in monogamous voles. The convergence of evidence from these animal studies makes oxytocin and vasopressin attractive candidates for the neural modulation of human social relationships as well as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with disruptions in social behavior, including autism. | ||||
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ISSN | 0018-506x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6416 | ||
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Author | Strien, A.J.; Swaay, C.A.M.; Termaat, T. | ||||
Title | Opportunistic citizen science data of animal species produce reliable estimates of distribution trends if analysed with occupancy models | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Ecol |
Volume | 50 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1450-1458 |
Keywords | Bayesian inference; citizen science; detection; distribution; hierarchical modelling; Jags; monitoring; site occupancy | ||||
Abstract | Summary Many publications documenting large-scale trends in the distribution of species make use of opportunistic citizen data, that is, observations of species collected without standardized field protocol and without explicit sampling design. It is a challenge to achieve reliable estimates of distribution trends from them, because opportunistic citizen science data may suffer from changes in field efforts over time (observation bias), from incomplete and selective recording by observers (reporting bias) and from geographical bias. These, in addition to detection bias, may lead to spurious trends. We investigated whether occupancy models can correct for the observation, reporting and detection biases in opportunistic data. Occupancy models use detection/nondetection data and yield estimates of the percentage of occupied sites (occupancy) per year. These models take the imperfect detection of species into account. By correcting for detection bias, they may simultaneously correct for observation and reporting bias as well. We compared trends in occupancy (or distribution) of butterfly and dragonfly species derived from opportunistic data with those derived from standardized monitoring data. All data came from the same grid squares and years, in order to avoid any geographical bias in this comparison. Distribution trends in opportunistic and monitoring data were well-matched. Strong trends observed in monitoring data were rarely missed in opportunistic data. Synthesis and applications. Opportunistic data can be used for monitoring purposes if occupancy models are used for analysis. Occupancy models are able to control for the common biases encountered with opportunistic data, enabling species trends to be monitored for species groups and regions where it is not feasible to collect standardized data on a large scale. Opportunistic data may thus become an important source of information to track distribution trends in many groups of species. | ||||
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Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0021-8901 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12158 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6437 | ||
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Author | Gehlen, H.; Große, V.; Doher, M. | ||||
Title | Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Herdenschutzes für Pferde in Zusammenhang mit der wachsenden Wolfspopulation in Deutschland Literaturrecherche und Befragung von Pferdehaltern zur Gefährdungsbeurteilung [Options and limitations of protecting horse husbandries in times of growing wolf populations in Germany Review of the literature and horse owner questionnaire on risk assessment] | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Tierärztliche Praxis Großtier/Nutztier Ausgabe G | Abbreviated Journal | Tierarztl Prax Ausg G |
Volume | 49 | Issue | 05 | Pages | 301-309 |
Keywords | Wolfsrisse – Bedrohung – Weidehaltung – Pferdehaltung – Verletzungen; Wolf kill – threat – pasture management – horse husbandry – injury | ||||
Abstract | Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel Seit 2000 siedelt sich der Wolf in Deutschland wieder an. Mit steigenden Wolfszahlen nehmen die durch Wölfe verursachten Nutztierschäden zu, wobei auch Pferde betroffen sind. Ziel der Studie war es, einen Überblick zu dieser Problematik sowie Lösungsansätze zu geben. Material und Methoden Anhand einer Literaturrecherche wurden Daten zur Wolfspopulation in Deutschland, wolfsbedingten Schäden sowie Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Herdenschutzes beim Pferd eruiert. Eine Online-Befragung von Pferdehaltern/-besitzern diente dazu, die tatsächliche und/oder gefühlte Bedrohung durch Wölfe und die daraus resultierenden Auswirkungen auf die Pferdehaltung zu ermitteln. Ergebnisse Die Literaturrecherche zeigte ein kontinuierliches Anwachsen der Wolfspopulation in den letzten Jahren und insbesondere seit 2016 einen deutlichen Anstieg wolfsverursachter Nutztierschäden, wobei Pferde selten betroffen waren. Bei der Online-Befragung stammte die Hälfte der 574 ausgewerteten Fragebögen aus Brandenburg und Niedersachsen. Den größten Einfluss auf die Gefährdungsbeurteilung eigener Pferde durch die wachsende Wolfspopulation hatte das Wissen der Pferdehalter über Wolfsangriffe im eigenen Landkreis, wobei insbesondere die Aspekte einer Haltung von Jungpferden und Weidegang für die Pferde eine Rolle spielten. 64 % der Befragten gaben an, ihre Pferdehaltung trotz der zunehmenden Wolfspopulation nicht geändert zu haben. Nur 8 von 576 Pferdehaltern gaben amtlich bestätigte Wolfsübergriffe an und 30 hatten einen vermuteten Wolfsschaden amtlichen Stellen nicht gemeldet. Mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten, die Kontakt zu einem Wolfsberater hatten, bezeichneten die Zusammenarbeit als nicht bis wenig zielführend. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Zahl amtlich bestätigter Wolfsangriffe auf Pferde ist gering. Durch einen grundsätzlich durchgeführten Gentest bei entsprechendem Verdacht ließen sich diese Zahlen objektivieren. Trotz des Bewusstseins einer zunehmenden Gefährdung von Pferden durch Wölfe unternehmen Pferdehalter überwiegend keine prophylaktischen Schutzmaßnahmen. Die Kommunikation zwischen den für das Wolfsmonitoring zuständigen Behörden und den Pferdehaltern erscheint verbesserungswürdig. Abstract Objective Since 2000 the wolf population is reestablishing itself in Germany. In consequence to increasing numbers, livestock damage caused by wolves is on the rise, with horses likewise being affected. The aim of the study was to provide an overview of this challenge and its possible solutions. Material and methods Based on a literature research, data on the wolf population in Germany, wolf-related damage as well as possibilities and limitations of herd protection for horses were evaluated. An online survey addressed to horse owners/keepers served to determine the actual and/or perceived threat posed by wolves and the resulting effects on horse husbandry. Results The literature search showed a continuous increase of the wolf population in recent years as well as a significant increase of wolf-caused livestock damage in general especially since 2016; although horses were rarely affected. Half of the 574 evaluated questionnaires were from Brandenburg and Lower Saxony. The greatest influence on the individual risk assessment concerning their own horses by the growing wolf population was the horse owners� knowledge of wolf attacks in their own county. Especially the aspects of keeping young horses as well as pasture keeping played a significant role. 64 % of respondents indicated that they had not changed their horse management practices despite the increasing wolf population. Only 8 of 576 horse owners had reported officially confirmed wolf attacks and 30 respondents had not reported a suspected wolf damage to official agencies. More than half of the respondents who had contact with a wolf advisor described the cooperation as either not or only slightly purposeful. Conclusion and clinical relevance The number of officially confirmed wolf attacks on horses is low. These numbers could be objectified by a routinely performed genetic test in case of corresponding suspicion. Despite the awareness of an increasing danger of horses by wolves, horse owners mostly do not undertake prophylactic protection measures. The communication between responsible authorities for wolf monitoring and horse owners seems to be in need of improvement. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6673 | ||
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Author | Harrington, F.H.; Mech, L.D. | ||||
Title | An analysis of howling response parameters useful for wolf pack censusing | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | J Wildl Manag | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harrington1982 | Serial | 6456 | ||
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Author | Aldezabal, A.; Garin, I. | ||||
Title | Browsing preference of feral goats (Capra hircus L.) in a Mediterranean mountain scrubland | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | J Arid Env | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 44 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Aldezabal2000 | Serial | 6256 | ||
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Author | Harlow, H.F. | ||||
Title | Learning and satiation of response in intrinsically motivated complex puzzle performance by monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1950 | Publication | Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Physiol Psychol |
Volume | 43 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 289-294 |
Keywords | Animals; *Haplorhini; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology; *Satiation; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology | ||||
Abstract | Two rhesus monkeys, given 60 two-hour sessions with a six-device mechanical puzzle showed clear evidence of learning, the curve showing ratio of incorrect to correct responses appearing quite comparable to similar curves obtained during externally rewarded situations. When, on the thirteenth day of tests, the subjects were presented with the puzzle 100 times at 6-minute intervals, the number of devices manipulated decreased regularly throughout the day, although there was no significant change in the number of times the problem assembly was attacked. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:15436888 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6550 | ||
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Author | Bates, L.A.; Byrne, R.W. | ||||
Title | Creative or created: Using anecdotes to investigate animal cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Methods | Abbreviated Journal | Methods |
Volume | 42 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 12-21 |
Keywords | Anecdote; Creativity; Intelligence; Deception; Innovation; African elephant | ||||
Abstract | In non-human animals, creative behaviour occurs spontaneously only at low frequencies, so is typically missed by standardised observational methods. Experimental approaches have tended to rely overly on paradigms from child development or adult human cognition, which may be inappropriate for species that inhabit very different perceptual worlds and possess quite different motor capacities than humans. The analysis of anecdotes offers a solution to this impasse, provided certain conditions are met. To be reliable, anecdotes must be recorded immediately after observation, and only the records of scientists experienced with the species and the individuals concerned should be used. Even then, interpretation of a single record is always ambiguous, and analysis is feasible only when collation of multiple records shows that a behaviour pattern occurs repeatedly under similar circumstances. This approach has been used successfully to study a number of creative capacities of animals: the distribution, nature and neural correlates of deception across the primate order; the occurrence of teaching in animals; and the neural correlates of several aptitudes--in birds, foraging innovation, and in primates, innovation, social learning and tool-use. Drawing on these approaches, we describe the use of this method to investigate a new problem, the cognition of the African elephant, a species whose sheer size and evolutionary distance from humans renders the conventional methods of comparative psychology of little use. The aim is both to chart the creative cognitive capacities of this species, and to devise appropriate experimental methods to confirm and extend previous findings. | ||||
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ISSN | 1046-2023 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | also special issue: Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Creativity: A Toolkit | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6185 | ||
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