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Author |
King, A.J.; Cowlishaw, G. |
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Title |
Leaders, followers and group decision-making |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Communicative & Integrative Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Commun Integr Biol |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
147-150 |
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Abstract |
Social animals have to make a multitude of group decisions on a daily basis. At the most basic level, this will involve coordination of activities and travel directions. In groups of insects, birds and fish, much of this 'coordination' can be the result of relatively simple interaction patterns among group members. Such systems are self-organizing, and often do not require specific leaders, or followers. However, in more socially complex groups, achieving collective group action-a consensus-may not be accomplished by simple rules alone. Instead, a consensus may be reached by the averaging of preferences (democracy), or by following the choices of specific leaders (despotism). In this mini-review, we discuss the conditions necessary for despotism in animal groups, and focus upon new studies investigating coordinated actions in primates. We ask how specific leaders arise and why others follow them-providing new insight into the mechanisms of effective leadership in groups characterized by strong social relationships. |
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Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London, UK |
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English |
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1942-0889 |
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PMID:19513268 |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4998 |
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Author |
Reddon, A.R.; Hurd, P.L. |
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Title |
Acting unilaterally: Why do animals with strongly lateralized brains behave differently than those with weakly lateralized brains? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Bioscience Hypotheses |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
383-387 |
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Keywords |
Cerebral lateralization; Individual variation; Personality; Habenula; Dorsal-diencephalic conduction system |
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Abstract |
Cerebral lateralization was once thought to be unique to humans, but is now known to be widespread among the vertebrates. Lateralization appears to confer cognitive advantages upon those that possess it. Despite the taxonomic ubiquity and described advantages of lateralization, substantial individual variation exists in all species. Individual variation in cerebral lateralization may be tied to individual variation in behaviour and the selective forces that act to maintain variation in behaviour may also act to maintain variation in lateralization. The mechanisms linking individual variation in the strength of cerebral lateralization to individual variation in behaviour remain obscure. We propose here a general hypothesis which may help to explain this link. We suggest that individuals with strong and weak lateralizations behave differently because of differences in the ability of one hemisphere to inhibit the functions of the other in each type of brain organization. We also suggest a specific mechanism involving the asymmetric epithalamic nucleus, the habenula. We conclude by discussing some predictions and potential tests of our hypothesis. |
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1756-2392 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5417 |
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Author |
Hoffmann, G.; Bockisch, F.-J.; Kreimeier, P. |
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Title |
Einfluss des Haltungssystems auf die Bewegungsaktivität und Stressbelastung bei Pferden in Auslaufhaltungssystemen |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Landbauforschung – vTI Agriculture and Forestry Research |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
59 |
Pages |
105-112 |
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Keywords |
Bewegung, Cortisol, Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HFV), Pferd, Verhalten [movement, cortisol, heart rate variability (HRV), horse, behaviour] |
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Frühere Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die tägliche Bewegung für die Gesunderhaltung der Pferde notwendig ist. Inwieweit sich jedoch unterschiedliche Bewegungsangebote auf das Stress-und Bewegungsverhalten von Pferden in einer Gruppen-Auslaufhaltung auswirken und ob der Bewegungsbedarf der Pferde durch eine Auslaufhaltung ohne zusätzliche Bewegung gedeckt werden kann, ist der Literatur bisher nicht zu entnehmen. Daher sollte in der nachfolgend beschriebenen Untersuchung der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Auswirkungen verschiedene Bewegungsangebote auf die Bewegungsaktivität von Pferden in Gruppen-Auslaufhaltungen haben und ob diese das Wohlbefinden der Tiere beeinflussen. Letzteres wurde durch Messung der Herzfrequenzvariabilität und Bestimmung von Cortisolmetaboliten im Pferdekot erfasst und die Bewegungsaktivität der Pferde wurde mit ALT-Pedometern bestimmt.
Verglichen wurden eine Einzel-und Gruppenhaltung mit jeweils angrenzendem Auslauf, aber ohne eine zusätzliche Bewegung der Pferde außerhalb des Stalls. In drei weiteren Varianten der Gruppenhaltung bekamen die Pferde täglichen Auslauf auf einer unbegrünten Koppel, auf einer Weide oder durch gezielte Bewegung in einer Führanlage. Die Bewegungsaktivität konnte durch die zusätzliche Bewegung in Form von Weide oder Führanlage signifikant gesteigert werden.
Ein zusätzliches Bewegungsangebot führte bei den Pferden zu einer Abnahme der Stressbelastung und sollte auch den Pferden ermöglicht werden, die in einer Gruppenhaltung gehalten werden, um ihre physische und psychische Gesundheit zu erhalten.
[Former studies confirm the necessity of daily movement for the health of a horse. But so far no description could be found in the literature how different movement offerings impact the stress and movement behaviour of horses in group husbandries with close-by discharge. The same holds true for the question whether a discharge husbandry system can meet the movement requirements of horses if there isn�t any additional movement possibility. The aim of the present study was to examine different movement offerings, their effects on the movement activities of horses in a group horse husbandry with close-by discharge and the impact of the movement on the wellbeing of the animals.
The heart rate variability and the concentration of the cortisol metabolites in the horse excrement were analyzed for detecting the wellbeing of the horses. Additionally ALT-Pedometers were used for determining the movement activity.
A single and a group husbandry system, each with closeby discharge, were compared when horses had no additional movement outside the stable. In three further variants the group husbandry was supplemented with daily time on a non-grassy pasture land, a pasture or in a horse walker. Pasture or horse walker increased movement activity significantly. Nevertheless an additional movement offering resulted in a lower stress load of the horses and should also be allowed to horses in group husbandry systems to ensure the horse�s physical and mental health.] |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5661 |
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Author |
Alexandridis, A. |
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Title |
Pferdgestützte Bewegungstherapie bei Essstörungen |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Mensch und Pferd |
Abbreviated Journal |
mup |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
13-26 |
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Keywords |
Pferdgestütze Bewegungstherapie, Essstörungen, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, „Binge-Eating“-Störung, Natural Horsemanship |
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Abstract |
Inhalte und Methoden des Natural Horsemanship (nach Pat Parelli) werden beschrieben
und in der Verbindung mit aktuellen bewegungstherapeutischen Behandlungsmethoden
bei Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa und „Binge-Eating“-Störung dargestellt.
Diese Zusammenführung ergibt eine pferdgestützte bewegungstherapeutische Methode
zur Behandlung von Essstörungen, welche anhand konkreter Praxisbeispiele
beschrieben wird. Der Ausblick auf eine laufende Evaluationsstudie schließt den Artikel
ab. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5965 |
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Author |
Lepple, N. |
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Title |
Qualitätssicherung in der Fohlenaufzucht |
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Year |
2009 |
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Diploma thesis |
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Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-Geislingen |
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Nürtingen |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5219 |
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Author |
Waiblinger, S |
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Title |
Animal welfare and housing |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Welfare of Production Animals:: Assessment and Management of Risks (Food Safety Assurance and Veterinary Public Health) |
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79-111 |
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Wageningen Acad. Publ. |
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Wageningen |
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Smulders, F. J. |
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978-90-8686-122-4. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5302 |
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Author |
Spengler,A. Engel, H. |
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Title |
Human interaction with a gorilla family |
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2009 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5304 |
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Author |
Battista E. |
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Title |
Il Pony di Esperia |
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2009 |
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Il Pony di Esperia |
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ciociariaturismo |
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Ciociaria |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5438 |
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Author |
Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz |
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Title |
Beurteilung von Pferdehaltungen unter Tierschutzgesichtspunkten |
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2009 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5481 |
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Author |
Krueger,K.; Flauger, B. |
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Title |
Social and individual olfaction through horse faeces (Equus caballus) |
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2009 |
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Program of the 4. Thementagung der Ethologischen Gesellschaft, Februar 12 -14, 2009. |
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23 |
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Dpz. |
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Göttingen |
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Kappeler,P.M. ; Schwibbe, M. |
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German |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5716 |
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