Records |
Author |
Gese, E.M.; Ruff, R.L. |
Title |
Howling by coyotes (Canis latrans): variation among social classes, seasons, and pack sizes |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Can J Zool |
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Volume |
76 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gese1998 |
Serial |
6462 |
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Author |
Schooening, B. |
Title |
Ethology of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Praktische Tierarzt |
Abbreviated Journal |
Prakt. Tierarzt |
Volume |
79 |
Issue |
6 Suppl. |
Pages |
25-28 |
Keywords |
Dominance; Ethology; Horse; Propedeutics |
Abstract |
The paper starts with a short introduction/definition about ethology and the used methods in this scientific field, giving special examples for horses and about how their “normal behaviour” is measured. The behaviour repertoire of horses is described in a brief outline with special emphasis on their social systems and hierarchies and the problem of dominance, especially in interaction with humans. Schlütersche GmbH & Co. KG, Verlag und Druckerei. |
Address |
Saselbergweg 32, 22395 Hamburg, Germany |
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0032681x (Issn) |
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Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: German; Correspondence Address: Schoßning, B.Saselbergweg 32 22395 Hamburg, Germany; email: Dr.B.Schoening@t-online.de |
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refbase @ user @ |
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789 |
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Author |
Breitenmoser, U. |
Title |
Large predators in the Alps: the fall and rise of man's competitors |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Biol Conserv |
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Volume |
83 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Breitenmoser1998 |
Serial |
6450 |
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Author |
Bergstrom, C.T.; Lachmann, M. |
Title |
Signaling among relatives. III. Talk is cheap |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Volume |
95 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
5100-5105 |
Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; Costs and Cost Analysis; *Evolution; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Biological |
Abstract |
The Sir Philip Sidney game has been used by numerous authors to show how signal cost can facilitate honest signaling among relatives. Here, we demonstrate that, in this game, honest cost-free signals are possible as well, under very general conditions. Moreover, these cost-free signals are better for all participants than the previously explored alternatives. Recent empirical evidence suggests that begging is energetically inexpensive for nestling birds; this finding led some researchers to question the applicability of the costly signaling framework to nestling begging. Our results show that cost-free or inexpensive signals, as observed empirically, fall within the framework of signaling theory. |
Address |
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. carl@charles.stanford.edu |
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0027-8424 |
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PMID:9560235 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
561 |
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Author |
Heitkamp, H.C.; Horstmann, T.; Hillgeris, D. |
Title |
[Riding injuries and injuries due to handling horses in experienced riders] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Der Unfallchirurg |
Abbreviated Journal |
Unfallchirurg |
Volume |
101 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
122-128 |
Keywords |
Adult; Animals; Athletic Injuries/*epidemiology/etiology/surgery; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology/etiology/surgery; Germany/epidemiology; *Horses; Humans; Incidence; Male; Multiple Trauma/epidemiology/etiology/surgery; Risk Factors |
Abstract |
A group of experienced riders who qualified for the German riding badge 9.5 years ago answered a questionnaire pertaining to injuries during jumping, dressage and cross-country riding, as well as handling the horse. During riding 69% of the persons had had 187 injuries and while handling the horse 52% had had 124 injuries. Fractures and contusions were the most-frequent injuries; most riding injuries were located in the upper extremities and shoulder while handling mainly in the hands and feet. The number of injuries was comparable in jumping, dressage or cross-country riding. The time engaged in jumping was about one-third of the other types of riding, but the injuries were more severe. While handling the horse the number of injuries relative to the time spent during the activity were higher but less complicated. No change in safety precautions had been implemented by 67% of the persons injured. The injury rate for equestrians is relatively low both in handling the horse and during riding. The frequent fractures and contusions may be reduced by following the required safety regulations. |
Address |
Abteilung Sportmedizin, Universitat Tubingen |
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German |
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Reitverletzungen und Verletzungen beim Umgang mit Pferden bei erfahrenen Reitern |
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0177-5537 |
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PMID:9553480 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3735 |
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Author |
Dunbar, R. I. M.; Bever, J. |
Title |
Neocortex size predicts group size in carnivores and some insectivores |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
Volume |
108 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
695-708 |
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Abstract |
Neocortex size has been shown to correlate with group size in primates. Data for carnivores and insectivores are used to test the generality of this relationship. The data suggest that carnivores lie on the same grade as the primates, but that insectivores lie on a separate grade to the left of these two orders. Among the insectivores, there appears to be a distinction between the 'advanced' genera (which show a relationship between group size and neocortex size) and the 'basal' genera (which do not). |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4734 |
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Author |
Whiten, A. |
Title |
Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
112 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
270-281 |
Keywords |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; *Ceremonial Behavior; Exploratory Behavior/physiology; Female; Fruit; Imitative Behavior/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Practice (Psychology); Problem Solving/*physiology |
Abstract |
Imitation was studied experimentally by allowing chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to observe alternative patterns of actions for opening a specially designed “artificial fruit.” Like problematic foods primates deal with naturally, with the test fruit several defenses had to be removed to gain access to an edible core, but the sequential order and method of defense removal could be systematically varied. Each subject repeatedly observed 1 of 2 alternative techniques for removing each defense and 1 of 2 alternative sequential patterns of defense removal. Imitation of sequential organization emerged after repeated cycles of demonstration and attempts at opening the fruit. Imitation in chimpanzees may thus have some power to produce cultural convergence, counter to the supposition that individual learning processes corrupt copied actions. Imitation of sequential organization was accompanied by imitation of some aspects of the techniques that made up the sequence. |
Address |
Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland. a.whiten@st-andrews.ac.uk |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:9770315 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
743 |
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Author |
Gosling, S.D. |
Title |
Personality dimensions in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
112 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
107-118 |
Keywords |
Animals; Carnivora/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; *Personality; Personality Assessment/statistics & numerical data; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Species Specificity; Temperament |
Abstract |
Personality ratings of 34 spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) were made by 4 observers who knew the animals well. Analyses suggest that (a) hyena personality traits were rated with generally high reliability; (b) 5 broad dimensions (Assertiveness, Excitability, Human-Directed Agreeableness, Sociability, and Curiosity) captured about 75% of the total variance; (c) this dimensional structure could not be explained in terms of dominance status, sex, age, or appearance; and (d) as expected, female hyenas were more assertive than male hyenas. Comparisons with previous research provide evidence for the cross-species generality of Excitability, Sociability, and especially Assertiveness. Discussion focuses on methodological issues in research on animal personality and on the potential contributions this research can make for understanding the biological and environmental bases of personality. |
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Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA. samiam@uclink.berkeley.edu |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:9642781 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5019 |
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Author |
Blunden, A.S.; Smith, K.C.; Whitwell, K.E.; Dunn, K.A. |
Title |
Systemic infection by equid herpesvirus-1 in a Grevy's zebra stallion (Equus grevyi) with particular reference to genital pathology |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Pathology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Pathol |
Volume |
119 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
485-493 |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Zoo; Epididymis/pathology/virology; Equidae/*virology; Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Herpesvirus 1, Equid/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity; Lymph Nodes/pathology/virology; Male; Nasal Mucosa/pathology/virology; Pulmonary Edema/pathology; Spleen/virology; Testis/*pathology/virology |
Abstract |
A severe multi-systemic form of equid herpesvirus-1 infection is described in an adult zebra stallion. There was multifocal necrotizing rhinitis, marked hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, with viral antigen expression in degenerating epithelial cells, local endothelial cells and intravascular leucocytes of the nasal mucosa and lung. Specific localization of EHV-1 infection was seen in the testes and epididymides, including infection of Leydig cells and germinal epithelium, which would have facilitated venereal shedding of virus in life. The case provided a unique opportunity to study hitherto undescribed aspects of the pathogenesis of naturally occurring EHV-1 infection in the male equine genital tract. Restriction digests of the isolate demonstrated a pattern similar to that of EHV-1 isolates previously recovered from aborted zebra and onager fetuses. |
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Animal Health Trust Centre for Preventive Medicine, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK |
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0021-9975 |
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PMID:9839210 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2239 |
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Author |
Mesulam, M.-M. |
Title |
Review article. From sensation to cognition |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
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Brain |
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121 |
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1013-1052 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3467 |
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