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Green Nf, G.H. |
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The wild horse population.... |
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1977 |
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Proc National Wild Horse Forum |
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59-65 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1125 |
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Mitchell, D.; Kirschbaum, E.H.; Perry, R.L. |
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Title |
Effects of neophobia and habituation on the poison-induced avoidance of exteroceptive stimuli in the rat |
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1975 |
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Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
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J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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1 |
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1 |
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47-55 |
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Animals; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects; *Awareness; *Cognition; Conditioning, Operant; Feeding Behavior/drug effects; *Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lithium/administration & dosage/poisoning; Male; Rats; *Taste; Time Factors; *Visual Perception |
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Two experiments on the role of neophobia in poison-induced aversions to exteroceptive stimuli are reported. In Experiment 1, rats were given either 10 or 25 days of habituation to the test situation prior to conditioning. Those animals with the longer habituation period avoided a complex of novel exteroceptive stimuli while those with the shorter habituation period did not. In Experiment 2 rats initially avoided the more novel of two containers, but gradually came to eat equal amounts from both. A single pairing of toxicosis with consumption from either the novel or the familiar container reinstated the avoidance of the novel container in both cases. The results were discussed in terms of an interaction between habituation and conditioning procedures. It was suggested that previously reported differences between interoceptive and exteroceptive conditioning effects may have been influenced by the differential novelty of the two classes of stimuli in the test situation. It was further suggested that non-contingently poisoned control groups should routinely be included in poison avoidance conditioning studies. |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:1151289 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2791 |
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Oakenfull, E.A.; Lim, H.; Ryder, O. |
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Title |
A survey of equid mitochondrial DNA: Implications for the evolution, genetic diversity and conservation of Equus |
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2000 |
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Conservation Genetics |
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Conservat Genet |
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1 |
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4 |
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341-355 |
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The evolution, taxonomy and conservation of the genus Equuswere investigated by examining the mitochondrial DNA sequences of thecontrol region and 12S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic analysis of thesesequences provides further evidence that the deepest node in thephylogeny of the extant species is a divergence between twolineages; one leading to the ancestor of modern horses (E.ferus, domestic and przewalskii) and the other to thezebra and ass ancestor, with the later speciation events of the zebrasand asses occurring either as one or more rapid radiations, or withextensive secondary contact after speciation. Examination of the geneticdiversity within species suggested that two of the E. hemionussubspecies (E. h. onager and E. h. kulan) onlyrecently diverged, and perhaps, are insufficiently different to beclassified as separate subspecies. The genetic divergence betweendomestic and wild forms of E. ferus (horse) and E.africanus (African ass) was no greater than expected within anequid species. In E. burchelli (plains zebra) there was anindication of mtDNA divergence between populations increasing withdistance. The implications of these results for equid conservation arediscussed and recommendations are made for conservation action. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5039 |
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Author |
Diekamp, B.; Prior, H.; Güntürkün, O. |
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Functional lateralization, interhemispheric transfer and position bias in serial reversal learning in pigeons (Columba livia) |
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1999 |
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Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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2 |
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4 |
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187-196 |
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In the present study we investigated lateralization of color reversal learning in pigeons. After monocular acquisition of a simple color discrimination with either the left or right eye, birds were tested in a serial reversal procedure. While there was only a slight and non-significant difference in choice accuracy during original color discrimination, a stable superiority of birds using the right eye emerged in serial reversals. Both groups showed a characteristic 'learning-to-learn' effect, but right-eyed subjects improved faster and reached a lower asymptotic error rate. Subsequent testing for interocular transfer demonstrated a difference between pre- and post-shift choice accuracy in pigeons switching from right to left eye but not vice versa. This can be accounted for by differences in maximum performance using either the left or right eye along with an equally efficient but incomplete interocular transfer in both directions. Detailed analysis of the birds' response patterns during serial reversals revealed a preference for the right of two response keys in both groups. This bias was most pronounced at the beginning of a session. It decreased within sessions, but became more pronounced in late reversals, thus indicating a successful strategy for mastering the serial reversal task. Interocular transfer of response patterns revealed an unexpected asymmetry. Birds switching from right to left eye continued to prefer the right side, whereas pigeons shifting from left to right eye were now biased towards the left side. The results suggest that lateralized performance during reversal learning in pigeons rests on a complex interplay of learning about individual stimuli, stimulus dimensions, and lateralized response strategies. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3223 |
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Ohsawa, H. |
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Transfer of group members in plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in relation to social organization. |
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1982 |
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African Study Monographs |
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2 |
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53-71 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3554 |
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Harrington, F.H. |
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Chorus howling by wolves: Acoustic structures, pack size and Beau Geste effect |
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1989 |
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Bioacoustics |
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2 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harrington1989 |
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6463 |
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Leippert, D.; Goymann, W.; Hofer, H.; Marimuthu, G.; Balasingh, J. |
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Roost-mate communication in adult Indian false vampire bats (Megaderma lyra): an indication of individuality in temporal and spectral pattern |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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3 |
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2 |
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99-106 |
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The remarkable cognitive abilities of bats indicate that they may recognise particular conspecifics. Because of their highly developed auditory system, it is obvious that vocalisations of bats may give information about the individual emitting them. In a field study of the social behaviour in the Indian false vampire bat (Megaderma lyra), two different types of vocalisation were recorded and analysed. The bats emitted these vocalisations only while aggregating with conspecifics inside the day roost. The “landing strophe” consisted of a number of brief multiharmonic downward frequency-modulated (FMdown) sounds which levelled off as a constant frequency (CF), and the “clatter strophe” was composed of a number of multiharmonic FMdown sounds which became shallow at the end as a short CF. The sounds of the landing strophe and the ¶clatter strophe differed in repetition rate, duration, harmonic components and frequency. Time pattern and peak frequency of the two sound types differed highly significantly between single, unidentified bats. The sounds were inter-individually distinct when the three parameters were combined as an acoustical space. Therefore, these vocalisations might be used for individual recognition in adult bats. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3297 |
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Kusayama, T.; Bischof, H.-J.; Watanabe, S. |
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Responses to mirror-image stimulation in jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) |
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2000 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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3 |
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1 |
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61-64 |
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Four jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) were exposed to a mirror placed either vertically or horizontally. The most frequently observed behaviors were pecking at the mirror and wing flapping when looking toward the mirror. These behavior patterns, which were only rarely observed when the mirror was reversed, can be interpreted as aggressive behaviors against a conspecific. The vertical mirror evoked the behaviors more often than the horizontal mirror. The present results suggest that crows perceive their mirror image as an image of a conspecific, not as their own. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3319 |
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Zachritz W.H.; Lundie L.L.; Wang H.; Thomas R.K. |
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Investigating cognitive abilities in animals: unrealized potential |
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1996 |
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Cognitive Brain Research |
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157-166 |
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3449 |
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Bizot J.-C.; Thiebot M.-H. |
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Impulsivity as a confounding factor in certain animal tests of cognitive function |
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1996 |
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Cognitive Brain Research |
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243-250 |
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3450 |
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