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Author Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N. url  doi
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  Title Social processes influencing learning in animals: a review of the evidence Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Adv Study Behav Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 38 Issue Pages 105-165  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hoppitt2008 Serial 6260  
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Author Reader, S.; Laland, K. doi  openurl
  Title Primate Innovation: Sex, Age and Social Rank Differences Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.  
  Volume (down) 22 Issue 5 Pages 787-805  
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  Abstract Analysis of an exhaustive survey of primate behavior collated from the published literature revealed significant variation in rates of innovation among individuals of different sex, age and social rank. We searched approximately 1,000 articles in four primatology journals, together with other relevant databases, for examples of innovation. The reported incidence of innovation is higher in males and adults, and lower in females and nonadults, than would be expected by chance given the estimated relative proportions of these groups. Amongst chimpanzees, the only species for which there are sufficient data to consider alone, there is a similar sex difference in the propensity to innovate, but no effect of age. Chimpanzees of low social rank are reported as innovators more frequently than high-ranking chimpanzees are. Male chimpanzees innovate more often than females in sexual, courtship, mating and display contexts; that is, in contexts likely to increase access to mates. The largest number of recorded observations are in the foraging context, wherein contrary to expectations, there is no evidence for female chimpanzees exhibiting more innovation than males. The study is the first extensive investigation of behavioral innovation in primates and provides evidence that much individual variation in the propensity to innovate can be explained in terms of sex, age, and social rank.  
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  Call Number Serial 2152  
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Author Whalen, A.; Cownden, D.; Laland, K. url  doi
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  Title The learning of action sequences through social transmission Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume (down) 18 Issue 5 Pages 1093-1103  
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  Abstract Previous empirical work on animal social learning has found that many species lack the ability to learn entire action sequences solely through reliance on social information. Conversely, acquiring action sequences through asocial learning can be difficult due to the large number of potential sequences arising from even a small number of base actions. In spite of this, several studies report that some primates use action sequences in the wild. We investigate how social information can be integrated with asocial learning to facilitate the learning of action sequences. We formalize this problem by examining how learners using temporal difference learning, a widely applicable model of reinforcement learning, can combine social cues with their own experiences to acquire action sequences. The learning problem is modeled as a Markov decision process. The learning of nettle processing by mountain gorillas serves as a focal example. Through simulations, we find that the social facilitation of component actions can combine with individual learning to facilitate the acquisition of action sequences. Our analysis illustrates that how even simple forms of social learning, combined with asocial learning, generate substantially faster learning of action sequences compared to asocial processes alone, and that the benefits of social information increase with the length of the action sequence and the number of base actions.  
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  ISSN 1435-9456 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Whalen2015 Serial 6192  
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Author Laland, K. N.; Richerson, P. J.; Boyd, R. openurl 
  Title Developing a theory of animal social learning. Type Book Chapter
  Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) Issue Pages 129-154  
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  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication San Diego, California Editor Heyes, C. M.;Galef,B. G. J.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ home Serial 4093  
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Author Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N. isbn  openurl
  Title Animal Innovation Type Book Whole
  Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor  
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  ISSN ISBN 978-0-19-852622 Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6381  
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Author Reader, S. M.; Laland, K.N. openurl 
  Title Animal Innovation Type Book Whole
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6531  
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Author Laland, K. N.; van Bergen, Y openurl 
  Title Experimental studies of innovation in the guppy Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) Issue Pages 155-174  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Ox Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6537  
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