Records |
Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Hogan, D.E.. |
Title |
Same/different concept learning in the pigeon: the effect of negative instances and prior adaptation to transfer stimuli |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
Volume |
30 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
177-186 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Pigeons were trained on a matching-to-sample or oddity-from-sample task with shapes (circle and plus). Half of each group was exposed to “negative instance” trials i.e., for matching birds, neither comparison key matched the sample, and for oddity birds both comparison keys matched the sample. When all birds were transferred to a new task involving colors (red and green), nonshifted birds (transferred from matching to matching, or oddity to oddity) performed significantly better than shifted birds (transferred from matching to oddity, or oddity to matching), but only if they had experienced negative instances of the training concept. When all birds were exposed to negative instances of the transfer task and then transferred to a new color task (yellow and blue), dramatic transfer effects were observed. The effect of pre-exposure to the yellow and blue colors, in order to reduce transfer-stimulus novelty, had a minor effect on transfer. |
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0022-5002 |
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PMID:16812097 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
271 |
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Author |
De Moraes Ferrari,E. A.; Todorov, J. C. |
Title |
Concurrent avoidance of shocks by pigeons pecking a key |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1980 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav. |
Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
329-333 |
Keywords |
concurrent schedules, unsignaled avoidance, negative reinforcement, key pecking, pigeon |
Abstract |
Three pigeons were studied on concurrent, unsignaled, avoidance schedules in a two-key procedure. Shock-shock intervals were two seconds in both schedules. The response-shock interval on one key was always 22 seconds, while the response-shock interval associated with the other key was varied from 7 to 52 seconds in different experimental conditions. Response rates on the key associated with the varied schedule tended to decrease when the response-shock interval length was increased. Responding on the key associated with the constant schedule was not systematically affected. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3586 |
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Author |
Anderson , M.C.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
Title |
Behavioral adaptation to fixed-interval and fixed-time food delivery in golden hamsters |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
33-49 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Food-deprived golden hamsters in a large enclosure received food every 30 sec contingent on lever pressing, or free while their behavior was continuously recorded in terms of an exhaustive classification of motor patterns. As with other species in other situations, behavior became organized into two main classes. One (terminal behaviors) increased in probability throughout interfood intervals; the other (interim behaviors) peaked earlier in interfood intervals. Which class an activity belonged to was independent of whether food was contingent on lever pressing. When food was omitted on some of the intervals (thwarting), the terminal activities began sooner in the next interval, and different interim activities changed in different ways. The interim activities did not appear to be schedule-induced in the usual sense. Rather, the hamsters left the area of the feeder when food was not due and engaged in activities they would normally perform in the experimental environment. |
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0022-5002 |
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PMID:16811980 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
388 |
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Author |
Zentall, T.R; Hogan, D.E. |
Title |
Key pecking in pigeons produced by pairing keylight with inaccessible grain |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
199-206 |
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Abstract |
In Experiment I, keylight was paired with inaccessible grain delivery (under two conditions of keylight intensity) to determine if autoshaping would occur in the absence of primary reinforcement. In Experiment II, the procedure was repeated with accessible grain, for comparison. In Experiment III, the procedures were repeated with explicitly unpaired presentations of keylight and either inaccessible or accessible grain. The results indicated that key pecking occurred as quickly in the presence of keylight pairings with inaccessible grain as with accessible grain, though (except for one bird) key pecking was not maintained with inaccessible grain. Furthermore, compared to the dim keylight, the bright keylight greatly suppressed key pecking when paired with inaccessible grain, and reduced the rate of key pecking when paired with accessible grain. Little key pecking occurred in groups exposed to explicitly unpaired presentations of keylight (whether bright or dim) and grain (whether accessible or inaccessible). When the birds in Experiment III were retested with explicitly paired presentations of keylight and grain, little key pecking was observed, suggesting suppressive effects of prior explicitly unpaired presentations. It is suggested that the effects of key-brightness manipulation were produced by the association of grain with cues other than the response key, or by distraction produced by partial illumination of the grain hopper. |
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0022-5002 |
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Notes |
PMID:16811840 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
273 |
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Author |
Nevin, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
Title |
An analysis of contrast effects in multiple schedules |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1966 |
Publication |
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
305-315 |
Keywords |
Animals; Birds; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; *Extinction, Psychological; Male; Reaction Time; *Reinforcement (Psychology) |
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0022-5002 |
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Notes |
PMID:5961499 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
392 |
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