| Records |
| Author |
Terrace, H.S. |
| Title |
Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume  |
325 |
Issue |
7000 |
Pages |
149-151 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Feedback; Learning/*physiology; Male |
| Abstract |
A basic principle of human memory is that lists that can be organized into memorable 'chunks' are easier to remember. Memory span is limited to a roughly constant number of chunks and is to a large extent independent of the amount of informaton contained in each chunk. Depending on the ingenuity of the code used to integrate discrete items into chunks, one can substantially increase the number of items that can be recalled correctly. Newly developed paradigms for studying memory in non-verbal organisms allow comparison of the abilities of human and non-human subjects to memorize lists. Here I present two types of evidence that pigeons 'chunk' 5-element lists whose components (colours and achromatic geometric forms) are clustered into distinct groups. Those lists were learned twice as rapidly as a homogeneous list of colours or heterogeneous lists in which the elements are not clustered. The pigeons were also tested for knowledge of the order of two elements drawn from the 5-element lists. They responded in the correct order only to those subsets that contained a chunk boundary. Thus chunking can be studied profitably in animal subjects; the cognitive processes that allow an organism to form chunks do no presuppose linguistic competence. |
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English |
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0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
PMID:3808071 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2792 |
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| Author |
Güntürkün, O.; Kesch, S. |
| Title |
Visual lateralization during feeding in pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Neurosci. |
| Volume |
101 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
433-435 |
| Keywords |
use of right vs left eye, amount & accuracy of pecking in food discrimination task, homing pigeons, implications for lateralization of cerebral function |
| Abstract |
In a quasi-natural feeding situation, adult pigeons had to detect and consume 30 food grains out of about 1,000 pebbles of similar shape, size, and color within 30 s under monocular conditions. With the right eye seeing, the animals achieved a significantly higher discrimination accuracy and, consequently, a significantly higher proportion of grains grasped than with the left eye seeing. This result supports previous demonstrations of a left-hemisphere dominance for visually guided behavior in birds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
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US: American Psychological Association |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1987-30501-001 |
Serial |
5588 |
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| Author |
Leslie AM |
| Title |
Pretense and representation in infancy: the origins of theory of mind |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Psychol. Rev. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
412 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3014 |
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SUMMERS PM et al, |
| Title |
Sucessful transfer of the embryos of Przewalski's horses and Grant's zebra to domestic mares |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fert |
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80 |
Issue |
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Pages |
13-20 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1638 |
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| Author |
Hildebrand, M. |
| Title |
The Mechanics of Horse Legs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
American Scientist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Amer. Sci. |
| Volume |
75 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
594-601 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2301 |
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| Author |
Rutberg, A.T. |
| Title |
Horse Fly Harassment and the Social Behavior of Feral Ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
75 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
145-154 |
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| Abstract |
Abstract Horse flies (Tabanidae) on and around feral ponies in harem groups were counted at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, U.S.A., between June and August 1985. Harem stallions attracted the most flies; adult mares showed intermediate fly numbers, while few flies landed on foals under any circumstances. The use of thermal and chemical cues by flies selecting a host may have helped create this disparity. When flies were abundant, ponies reduced spacing within the group. Ponies in larger groups suffered from fewer flies than ponies in smaller groups. There was, however, no evidence that ponies merged into larger groups in response to fly harassment, suggesting that biting flies play little role in structuring pony social organization. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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0179-1613 |
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doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00648.x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6417 |
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| Author |
Illius,A. W.; Gordon, I. J. |
| Title |
The Allometry of Food Intake in Grazing Ruminants |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
The Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
989-999 |
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| Abstract |
A simulation model of grazing mechanics in ruminants shows that, due to the allometric relations of bite size and metabolic requirements to body size, small animals are able to subsist on shorter swards than large animals. (2) The density of nutrients in the grazed horizon of the modelled swards markedly affected the ability of animals of a given body size to satisfy their energy requirements. (3) By extension, the allometric relationships would be expected to apply in selective grazing and browsing species in their choice of food items of different size and nutrient content. (4) The results support the argument that sexual segregation and habitat choice of dimorphic species is an effect of scramble competition for limited resources, the males thus being excluded from mutually preferred swards. (5) The model provides an explanation for two interspecific phenomena amongst grazers: grazing succession and grazing facilitation. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4265 |
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| Author |
Penzhorn Bl, |
| Title |
Descriptions of incisors of known – age Cape Mountain Zebras from the Mountain Zebra National park |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Onderstepoort J vet Res |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
135-141 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1459 |
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| Author |
Wasserman, S. |
| Title |
Conformity of two sociometric relations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Psychometrika |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychometrika |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-18 |
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Abstract The problem of comparing two sociometric relations or measurements (A andB) recorded in distinct sociomatrices was originally discussed by Katz and Powell in the early 1950's and Hubert and Baker in the late 1970's. The problem is considered again using a probabilistic model designed specifically for discrete-valued network measurements. The model allows for the presence of various structural tendencies, such as reciprocity and differential popularity. A parameter that isolates the tendency for actors to choose other actors on both relations simultaneously is introduced, and estimated conditional on the presence of other parameters that reflect additional important network properties. The parameter is presented as a symmetric index but is also generalized to the predictive (A onB orB onA) situation. This approach to the problem is illustrated with the same data used by the earlier solutions, and the unique nature of the two relations in the data set (A = received choices,B = perceived choices), as it affects the modeling, is discussed. Significance tests for the parameter and related parameters are described, as well as an extension to more than two relations. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5027 |
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| Author |
Berger, J.; Cunningham, C. |
| Title |
Influence of Familiarity on Frequency of Inbreeding in Wild Horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evolution |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
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Pages |
229-231 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2232 |
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