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| Author | Siniscalchi, M.; Sasso, R.; Pepe, A.M.; Dimatteo, S.; Vallortigara, G.; Quaranta, A. | ||||
| Title | Sniffing with the right nostril: lateralization of response to odour stimuli by dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. | |
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In Press, Corrected Proof | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | animal welfare; Canis familiaris; dog; emotion; laterality olfaction; physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Lateralization in dogs, Canis familiaris, has been reported for paw usage and response to visual and acoustic stimuli. Surprisingly, however, no investigation of possible lateralization for the most relevant sensory domain of dogs, namely olfaction, has been carried out. Here we investigated left and right nostril use in dogs freely sniffing different emotive stimuli in unrestrained conditions. When sniffing novel nonaversive stimuli (food, lemon, vaginal secretion and cotton swab odours), dogs showed initial preferential use of the right nostril and then a shift towards use of the left nostril with repeated stimulus presentation. When sniffing arousal stimuli such as adrenaline and veterinary sweat odorants, dogs showed a consistent right nostril bias all over the series of stimulus presentations. Results suggest initial involvement of the right hemisphere in processing of novel stimuli followed by the left hemisphere taking charge of control of routine behaviour. Sustained right nostril response to arousal stimuli appears to be consistent with the idea that the sympathetic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mainly under the control of the right hemisphere. The implications of these findings for animal welfare are discussed. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5394 | ||
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| Author | McCoy, D.E.; Schiestl, M.; Neilands, P.; Hassall, R.; Gray, R.D.; Taylor, A.H. | ||||
| Title | New Caledonian Crows Behave Optimistically after Using Tools | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Current Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | tool use; New Caledonian crows; optimism; cognitive bias; animal emotion; intrinsic motivation; comparative cognition | ||||
| Abstract | Summary Are complex, species-specific behaviors in animals reinforced by material reward alone or do they also induce positive emotions? Many adaptive human behaviors are intrinsically motivated: they not only improve our material outcomes, but improve our affect as well [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Work to date on animal optimism, as an indicator of positive affect, has generally focused on how animals react to change in their circumstances, such as when their environment is enriched [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] or they are manipulated by humans [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23], rather than whether complex actions improve emotional state. Here, we show that wild New Caledonian crows are optimistic after tool use, a complex, species-specific behavior. We further demonstrate that this finding cannot be explained by the crows needing to put more effort into gaining food. Our findings therefore raise the possibility that intrinsic motivation (enjoyment) may be a fundamental proximate cause in the evolution of tool use and other complex behaviors. Video Abstract | ||||
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| ISSN | 0960-9822 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6581 | ||
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| Author | Adolphs, R. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Nature Reviews. Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Rev Neurosci |
| Volume |
4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 165-178 |
| Keywords | Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the neural underpinnings of social behaviour and have produced a banquet of data that are both tantalizing and deeply puzzling. We are finding new links between emotion and reason, between action and perception, and between representations of other people and ourselves. No less important are the links that are also being established across disciplines to understand social behaviour, as neuroscientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, ethologists and philosophers forge new collaborations. | ||||
| Address | Deparment of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ralph-adolphs@uiowa.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1471-003X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12612630 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4706 | ||
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| Author | Cattell, R.B.; Korth, B. | ||||
| Title | The isolation of temperament dimensions in dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1973 | Publication | Behavioral Biology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Biol |
| Volume |
9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 15-30 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Biometry; Body Weight; *Dogs; Emotions; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Genetics, Behavioral; Heart Rate; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Models, Psychological; *Personality; Problem Solving; Social Behavior | ||||
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| ISSN | 0091-6773 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:4738708 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4140 | ||
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| Author | Leliveld, L.M.C. | ||||
| Title | From Science to Practice: A Review of Laterality Research on Ungulate Livestock | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Symmetry | Abbreviated Journal | Symmetry |
| Volume |
11 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 1157 |
| Keywords | hemispheric asymmetries; farm animals; emotional processing; animal cognition; development; human-animal interactions; animal welfare | ||||
| Abstract | In functional laterality research, most ungulate livestock species have until recently been mainly overlooked. However, there are many scientific and practical benefits of studying laterality in ungulate livestock. As social, precocial and domestic species, they may offer insight into the mechanisms involved in the ontogeny and phylogeny of functional laterality and help to better understand the role of laterality in animal welfare. Until now, most studies on ungulate livestock have focused on motor laterality, but interest in other lateralized functions, e.g., cognition and emotions, is growing. Increasingly more studies are also focused on associations with age, sex, personality, health, stress, production and performance. Although the full potential of research on laterality in ungulate livestock is not yet exploited, findings have already shed new light on central issues in cognitive and emotional processing and laid the basis for potentially useful applications in future practice, e.g., stress reduction during human-animal interactions and improved assessments of health, production and welfare. Future research would benefit from further integration of basic laterality methodology (e.g., testing for individual preferences) and applied ethological approaches (e.g., established emotionality tests), which would not only improve our understanding of functional laterality but also benefit the assessment of animal welfare. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6588 | ||
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| Author | Farmer, K.; Krueger, K.; Byrne, R. | ||||
| Title | Visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) interacting with humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
13 | Issue | Pages | 229-238 | |
| Keywords | Horse – Laterality – Eye preference – Emotion – Vision | ||||
| Abstract | Most horses have a side on which they are easier to handle and a direction they favour when working on a circle, and recent studies have suggested a correlation between emotion and visual laterality when horses observe inanimate objects. As such lateralisation could provide important clues regarding the horse’s cognitive processes, we investigated whether horses also show laterality in association with people. We gave horses the choice of entering a chute to left or right, with and without the passive, non-interactive presence of a person unknown to them. The left eye was preferred for scanning under both conditions, but significantly more so when a person was present. Traditionally, riders handle horses only from the left, so we repeated the experiment with horses specifically trained on both sides. Again, there was a consistent preference for left eye scanning in the presence of a person, whether known to the horses or not. We also examined horses interacting with a person, using both traditionally and bilaterally trained horses. Both groups showed left eye preference for viewing the person, regardless of training and test procedure. For those horses tested under both passive and interactive conditions, the left eye was preferred significantly more during interaction. We suggest that most horses prefer to use their left eye for assessment and evaluation, and that there is an emotional aspect to the choice which may be positive or negative, depending on the circumstances. We believe these results have important practical implications and that emotional laterality should be taken into account in training methods. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4953 | ||
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| Author | Preston, S.D.; de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Behavioral and Brain Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Brain Sci |
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25 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-20; discussion 20-71 |
| Keywords | Adult; Animals; Child; Emotions/physiology; *Empathy; Evolution; Haplorhini; Helping Behavior; Humans; Mental Disorders/physiopathology/psychology; Morals; Personality Development; Phylogeny; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology; Socialization | ||||
| Abstract | There is disagreement in the literature about the exact nature of the phenomenon of empathy. There are emotional, cognitive, and conditioning views, applying in varying degrees across species. An adequate description of the ultimate and proximate mechanism can integrate these views. Proximately, the perception of an object's state activates the subject's corresponding representations, which in turn activate somatic and autonomic responses. This mechanism supports basic behaviors (e.g., alarm, social facilitation, vicariousness of emotions, mother-infant responsiveness, and the modeling of competitors and predators) that are crucial for the reproductive success of animals living in groups. The Perception-Action Model (PAM), together with an understanding of how representations change with experience, can explain the major empirical effects in the literature (similarity, familiarity, past experience, explicit teaching, and salience). It can also predict a variety of empathy disorders. The interaction between the PAM and prefrontal functioning can also explain different levels of empathy across species and age groups. This view can advance our evolutionary understanding of empathy beyond inclusive fitness and reciprocal altruism and can explain different levels of empathy across individuals, species, stages of development, and situations. | ||||
| Address | University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, 2RCP-Neurology Clinic, Iowa City, IA 52242. stephanie-d-preston@uiowa.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0140-525X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12625087 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 181 | ||
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| Author | Kedzierski, W.; Wilk, I.; Janczarek, I. | ||||
| Title | Physiological response to the first saddling and first mounting of horses: comparison of two sympathetic training methods | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Animal Science Papers and Reports | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
32 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 219-228 |
| Keywords | cortisol / emotional reaction/ horses / natural training / stress | ||||
| Abstract | There is not much research done on the influence of sympathetic training on the emotional reaction of horses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the emotional response and the stress level in horses to two sympathetic training methods: (1) with the use of the “round pen technique” (RP), and (2) in which the RP was not applied (SH). Twenty two half-bred Anglo-Arab horses (2.5 years ±3 months of age) were subject to an initial training. Eleven horses were randomly included to the RP method and the other 11 horses for the SH method. Heart rate (HR) and saliva cortisol concentration were measured as indicators of horse emotional arousal and stress level, respectively. The HR values were analysed: at rest, during the habituation period, just after the first saddling and tightening of the girth, during the first time a human leaned over the horse’s back, and during the mounting of the horse. Saliva samples were taken before and 15 min after each training session studied. After saddling, the HR occurred significantly higher when the RP technique was used. The significant increase in saliva cortisol concentration was observed only after the first mounting of the horse. Generally, the use of the RP technique did not involve more important physiological reactions in the trained horses than did the SH method. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5816 | ||
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| Author | Stachurska, A.; Janczarek, I.; Wilk, I.; Kedzierski, W. | ||||
| Title | Does Music Influence Emotional State in Race Horses? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
35 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 650-656 |
| Keywords | Cardiac activity; Emotional state; Music; Race horse | ||||
| Abstract | The aim of the study was to determine the effect of music featured in the barn, on the emotional state of race horses. Seventy 3-year-old Purebred Arabian horses in their first race season were divided into experimental group (EXP) of 40 horses and control group (CNT) of 30 horses and placed in separate barns. The EXP was subject to specifically composed music featured in the barn for 5 hours in the afternoon during the whole study. The emotional state in the horses was assessed at rest, saddling, and warm-up walk under rider. Measurements were taken six times, every 30 to 35 days, starting from the beginning of featuring the music. The horse's emotional state was assessed by cardiac activity variables. The music effect on the emotional state was also considered with regard to the horse's performance estimated by race records. The cardiac activity variables were compared with repeated measures design, whereas race records were analyzed with analysis of variance generalized linear model. The music positively affected the emotional state in race horses. The influence was noticeable already after the first month of featuring the music and increased in the second and third months. Despite the fact that later the variables began to return to initial levels, a positive effect of the music on prizes won by the horses in the EXP compared to the CNT was found (P < .05). The results suggest that the music may be featured in the barn, preferably for 2 to 3 months as a means of improving the welfare of race horses. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6632 | ||
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| Author | Sato, W.; Aoki, S. | ||||
| Title | Right hemispheric dominance in processing of unconscious negative emotion | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Brain and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
62 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 261-266 |
| Keywords | Right hemispheric dominance; Unconscious negative emotion; Subliminal affective priming; Emotional facial expressions | ||||
| Abstract | Right hemispheric dominance in unconscious emotional processing has been suggested, but remains controversial. This issue was investigated using the subliminal affective priming paradigm combined with unilateral visual presentation in 40 normal subjects. In either left or right visual fields, angry facial expressions, happy facial expressions, or plain gray images were briefly presented as negative, positive, and control primes, followed by a mosaic mask. Then nonsense target ideographs were presented, and the subjects evaluated their partiality toward the targets. When the stimuli were presented in the left, but not the right, visual fields, the negative primes reduced the subjects' liking for the targets, relative to the case of the positive or control primes. These results provided behavioral evidence supporting the hypothesis that the right hemisphere is dominant for unconscious negative emotional processing. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4638 | ||
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