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Author | McGreevy, P.D.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
Title | Prevention of crib-biting: a review | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume | Issue | 27 | Pages | 35-38 | |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; *Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
Abstract | Crib-biting is a common oral stereotype. Because of perceived deleterious effects on the health and appearance of subjects the prevention of crib-biting is regularly attempted. The resourcefulness of horses in satisfying their motivation to perform this behaviour often frustrates owners' efforts at prevention. This paper reviews the efficacy and observable consequences of attempting to prevent crib-biting by a variety of methods. These include attempts to prevent the grasping of objects, to interfere with air-engulfing and to introduce punishment for grasping and neck-flexion. Other approaches include the use of surgery, acupuncture, pharmaceuticals, operant feeding and environmental enrichment. A remedy that is effective for every crib-biter remains elusive. We conclude that, rather than concentrating on remedial prevention, further research should be directed at establishing why horses crib-bite and how the emergence of crib-biting can be avoided. | ||||
Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK | ||||
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Notes | PMID:10485002 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 87 | ||
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Author | McGreevy, P.D.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
Title | The effect of short-term prevention on the subsequent rate of crib-biting in thoroughbred horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume | Issue | 27 | Pages | 30-34 | |
Keywords | Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; Male; Recurrence; *Stereotyped Behavior; Videotape Recording | ||||
Abstract | The results of an experimental study of the motivational consequences of short-term prevention of crib-biting are reported here. Eight test horses wore a cribbing collar for 24 h. This was effective in preventing crib-biting in 6 subjects. Using analysis of co-variance that accounted for baseline differences in crib-biting rate, test horses showed significantly more crib-biting than control horses on the first day after prevention (P < 0.05). There was also a highly significant increase in the crib-biting rate of test horses on the first day after prevention in comparison with their baseline rate (P < 0.01). This defines the increase as a post inhibitory rebound. An increase in the novelty of the cribbing bar and an increase in feeding motivation during the period of prevention are rejected as explanations of the rebound in this study. Instead, it is suggested that the rebound reflected a rise in internal motivation to crib-bite during the period of prevention. Behaviours that exhibit this pattern of motivation are generally considered functional; and it has been argued that their prevention may compromise welfare. | ||||
Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, UK | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | PMID:10485001 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 88 | ||
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Author | Trim, C.M.; Moore, J.N.; Clark, E.S. | ||||
Title | Renal effects of dopamine infusion in conscious horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume | Issue | 7 | Pages | 124-128 | |
Keywords | Animals; Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology; Consciousness/*physiology; Creatinine/blood; Dopamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary; Kidney/blood supply/*drug effects/physiology; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium/blood; Random Allocation; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects/physiology; Renal Artery/drug effects/physiology/ultrasonography; Sodium/blood; Time Factors; Ultrasonography/methods/veterinary; Urination/physiology | ||||
Abstract | An ultrasonic flow probe was implanted around a branch of the left renal artery in five horses. The effects of dopamine were studied in the unsedated horses 10 days after surgery. Three experiments, separated by at least two days, were performed in random order on each horse. In two experiments, dopamine was infused intravenously for 60 mins at either 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/kg bodyweight (bwt)/min. Saline was infused for 60 mins before and after each infusion, and for 180 mins in the third experiment as a control. Renal blood flow increased during administration of dopamine at both dose rates (P = 0.0001). Urine volume increased (P = 0.055), and osmolality decreased (P < 0.05), with infusion of dopamine at 5.0 micrograms/kg bwt/min. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly affected. Fractional excretions of sodium and potassium were not significantly changed with dopamine infusion. The higher dopamine dose rate was accompanied by dysrhythmias in some horses. | ||||
Address | Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | PMID:9118094 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 99 | ||
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Author | Tegetmeier, W.B.; Sutherland, C.L. | ||||
Title | Horses, asses, zebras, mules and mule breeding | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1895 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | A scholarly review of the entire horse family with separate chapters on Prejevalsky`s horse, the African wild ass, the wild ass of Somaliland, the Asiatic wild ass, the mountain zebra, Grevy`s zebra, Burchell`s zebra, the Quagga, hybrid Equidae, the Poitou mule, the American mule and others. Rare. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 106 | ||
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Author | Moons, C.; Heleski, C.R.; Leece, C.M.; Zanella, A.J. | ||||
Title | Conflicting Results in the Association Between Plasma and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Foals | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Havemeier Workshop | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Abstract | Introduction Glucocorticoids are present in many biological fluids as a free fraction or bound to Corticoid Binding Globulins (CBG) (Matteri et al, 2000). There are conflicting claims regarding the validity of saliva as a biological fluid to measure cortisol in horses (Lebelt et al, 1996; McGreevy and Pell, 1998; van der Kolk et al, 2001). Measuring changes in salivary cortisol levels in normal horses and horses with Cushing`s disease van der Kolk and collaborators (2001) demonstrated the validity of saliva to assess adrenal function. Puzzling results were reported by McGreevy and Pell (1998) who suggested that plasma and salivary cortisol concentrations in horses showing oral stereotypies were correlated but this association was non-existent in control animals. Investigating the responses of foals to branding and foot-trimming Zanella et al (unpublished results) were unable to identify a relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol levels in foals. In several species, levels of cortisol in plasma and saliva are tightly correlated (Fenske, 1996). Cortisol found in blood consists of a fraction bound to corticoid binding globulin (CBG) and a free, unbound fraction. Free cortisol represents the biologically active fraction of this steroid hormone. Salivary cortisol reflects the unbound fraction found in plasma or serum and it passes readily through the parotid membrane (Riad-Fahmy, 1983; Horning Walker et al,1977). Unbound steroids transfer rapidly between plasma and saliva (Walker,1989; Scott et al 1990). Saliva flow-rate does not appear to influence saliva cortisol levels in different species (Hubert and de Jong-Meyer, 1989; Walker 1989, Scott et a, 1990). In horses, Lebelt et al (1996) reported that salivary and plasma total cortisol in stallions were correlated. We hypothesized that changes in salivary cortisol in foals would show a pattern that is correlated to that of plasma free and plasma total cortisol concentrations in foals. In addition, we anticipated that the lack of good sampling techniques provides an explanation for the failure in determining the association between salivary and plasma cortisol in foals. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 470 | ||
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Author | Feh, C. | ||||
Title | Relationships and Communication in Socially Natural Horse Herds | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | The domestic horse : the origins, development, and management of its behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | The domestic horse : the origins, development, and management of its behaviour |
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Abstract | Horses are quite unique. In most mammals, sexes segregate and maintain bonds only during the breeding season (Clutton-Brock, 1989). Some canids, a few rodents and primate species such as gorillas, hamadryas baboons and red howler monkeys are the exception, where the same males stay with the same females all year round and over many breeding seasons. Typically, both sexes disperse at puberty in these species. In horses, it was clearly shown that the causes for female dispersal were incest avoidance and not intra-specific competition (Monard, 1996). As a rule, this is confirmed for mammal species where tenure length by males exceeds the age at first reproduction in females (Clutton-Brock, 1989). When horses are allowed to choose their mating partner freely, the inbreeding coefficient of the offspring is lower than expected should they mate randomly (Duncan et al, 1984). | ||||
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Publisher | Cambridge University Press 2005 | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | Mills, D. S. ; McDonnell, , S. M. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 13 978-0-521-81414-6 | Medium | ||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.092 | Serial | 472 | ||
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Author | Nicol, C.J | ||||
Title | Equine Stereotypies. In: Houpt K.A. (Ed.), | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Recent Advances in Companion Animal Behavior Problems | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | International Veterinary Information Service | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 477 | ||
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Author | Allen, C. | ||||
Title | Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Rational Animals? | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 175-186 | ||
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Abstract | It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference, producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests some lessons for the wider debate. |
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Address | Texas A&M University | ||||
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Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | Hurley, S.; Nudds, M. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-19-852827-2 | Medium | ||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 611 | ||
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Author | Dubuc, C.; Chapais, B. | ||||
Title | Feeding Competition in Macaca fascicularis : An Assessment of the Early Arrival Tactic | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Int. J. Primatol. |
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Keywords | male tolerance – alternative tactics – arrival order – dominance – Macaca fascicularis | ||||
Abstract | In primate species with unidirectional dominance relationships, rank order restricts the access of nondominant females to clumped resources. However, females might attempt to bypass the rank order by reaching feeding sites before the highest ranking individuals (early arrival tactic) when there are net benefits. We therefore analyzed the order of arrival to the feeding site of the adult members of a captive group of long-tailed macaques. We used 2 experimental conditions that differed in the spatial distribution of a fixed amount of food (large vs. small patch). Though each condition induced contest competition, it was stronger in the small-patch condition. Arrival order does not correlate with dominance rank in either experimental condition. The α-male and α-female reached the feeding site 10-30 s after the beginning of the test. Some females seized on opportunities to reach the feeding site before them, especially in the large-patch condition. They used the early arrival tactic when the risks of aggression were relatively low, which subjects accomplished either by being dominant or by being nondominant but tolerated by the α-male. Social tolerance may provide individuals with an alternative means to obtain resources. In sum, variation in food abundance and distribution may affect the extent to which rank order determines order of arrival to feeding sites. A higher rank may confer priority in the choice of tactics, but not necessarily priority of access to the resources themselves. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 812 | ||
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Author | Packer, C.; Pusey, A. E. | ||||
Title | Asymmetric contests in social mammals: respect, manipulation and age-specific aspects | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1985 | Publication | Evolution: Essays in Honour of John Maynard Smith | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 173-86 | ||
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Publisher | Camebridge University Press | Place of Publication | Camebridge | Editor | Greenwood, P.J.; Slatkin, M.; |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 819 | ||
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