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Duncan P,. (1979). Time-budgets of Camrgue horses; II. Time- budgets of adult horses and weaned sub-adults. Behaviour, 72, 26–49.
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Nallan, G. B., Pace, G. M., McCoy, D. F., & Zentall, T. R. (1979). Temporal parameters of the feature positive effect. Am J Psychol, 92(4), 703–710.
Abstract: Trial duration and intertrial interval duration were parametrically varied between groups of pigeons exposed to a discrimination involving the presence vs. the absence of a dot. Half the groups received the dot as the positive stimulus (feature positive groups) and half the groups received the dot as the negative stimulus (feature negative groups). Faster learning by the feature positive birds (feature positive effect) was found when the trial duration was short (5 sec) regardless of whether the intertrial interval was short (5 sec) or long (30 sec). No evidence for a feature positive effect was found when the trial duration was long (30 sec) regardless of the length of the intertrial interval (30 sec or 180 sec). The results suggest that short trial duration is a necessary condition for the occurrence of the feature positive effect, and neither intertrial interval nor trial duration/intertrial interval ratio are important for its occurrence. The suggestion that mechanisms underlying the feature positive effect and autoshaping might be similar was not supported by the present experiment since the trial duration/intertrial interval ration parameter appears to play an important role in autoshaping but not the feature positive effect.
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Kordal, R. J., & Parsons, S. M. (1979). Liver alcohol dehydrogenase subunit equivalence studied by rapid sampling of alcohol product formed from sequentially bound [4α-3H]NADH. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 194(2), 439–448.
Abstract: Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been claimed to exhibit presteady-state “half-of-the-sites” reactivity with aromatic substrates under some circumstances. To clarify the role of half-of-the-sites reactivity in liver alcohol dehydrogenase the direct sampling of the alcohol product formed immediately after initiation of the reaction was studied using a rapid sampling device and [4α-3H]NADH. Liver alcohol dehydrogenase which contained a very low mole-ratio of [4α-3H]NADH bound to one subunit of the dimer was rapidly mixed with excess 4-(2'-imidazolylazo)benzaldehyde substrate and nonradioactive NADH to initiate the reaction, which was allowed to proceed for a short time before it was quenched. If strong HClO4 quench was used isolation of total free and bound azoalcohol product was possible. If NaOH quench was used isolation only of the azoalcohol product released by the enzyme was possible since most enzyme-bound azoalcohol was reversed back to azoaldehyde by the base. The pH-jump reversal reaction also was characterized spectroscopically by stopped flow technique. Nearly fullsites reactivity was observed for reaction in either direction. Furthermore (4α-3H]NADH bound firstly to one subunit in the dimer reacted essentially identically to NADH bound secondly to the other subunit. Thus, half-of-the-sites reactivity was not observed in these experiments nor did they give any indication of liver alcohol dehydrogenase active site nonequivalence induced by coenzyme binding or reaction.
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Fedak Ma, S. H. (1979). Reappraisal of energetics of locomotion shows identical cost in bipeds and quadrupeds including ostrich and horse. Nature, 282, 713–716.
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Eisenmann V,. (1979). Paléontologie – Caractères évolutifs du genre Equus. C R Acad Sc Paris, 288, 497–500.
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